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EN
The main goal of presented research is to show the possibilities of ca- nonical analysis utilization in evaluations of intensity and spatial distribution of factors influencing hospital prevalence rates in regions. The setting of this study is the moun- tainous areas of Podkarpackie Province divided into municipalities, forming a total of 217 spatial units. The major reason for utilizing canonical analyses is the large variation of hospital prevalence rates within selected groups of diseases (cardiovascular and respiratory) and between different age groups. As a consequence, hospitalization rates by age groups are included in the analysis as dependent variables, whereas the independent variables used are various socio-demographic as well as standard of living indicators. These independ- ent variables are grouped into three sets (demographic, social and economic), which characterize municipalities under investigation. The mean for the years 2006-2008 for each variable is calculated. The product of the canonical analysis, canonical variables with the highest correla- tion to independent variables, are subsequently presented on cartograms showing spatial distribution of interdependence between the examined phenomena. The final part of this study includes a short evaluation of the method used for the explanation of spatial hospitalization rate inequalities, as well as some possibilities for enhancement of research into spatial variation of ill-health on the regional scale.
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The determinants of life satisfaction

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EN
In this article, we present a multidimensional analysis of satisfaction with life. The relationships among satisfaction within four domains of respondents’ lives (satisfaction with family, acquaintances, health and achievements) and a set of socio-economic factors along with variables from the Beck’s Depression Inventory are examined. The results of canonical analysis show strong correlation between satisfaction with health, the symptoms of depression and feeling of trust. Satisfaction with family relationships and life achievement is correlated with feelings of love, age, symptoms of depression and number of social contacts. There is provided an insight into impact of education, income, marital status, gender and social activity on life satisfaction. The results are compared with previous research.
EN
Presented article attempts to show sense of life perspective as a determinant of decision making. It is assumed that the sense of life perspective described as life attitudes is significant in assessment of decision problem defined in the predecision phase of the decision making process. The predicted dependence was analysed in three categories of decision: self-development, financial and voting. The research was conducted on two groups of 186 and 86 participants. Two methods were used in the research: the Life Attitude Profile -Revised (LAP-R) and the Decision Assessment Questionnaire. In statistical analysis, the canonical correlation analysis was used. The scores show that the life attitudes (especially: Purpose, Coherence, Life Control and Existential Vacuum) are correlated with the assessment factor (especially: Cognitive Analysis and Affective Assessment) of each tested category of decision. However, the most significant relationship is found in the self-development decision.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie zależności między wydatkami na napoje alkoholowe i wyroby tytoniowe a pozostałymi wydatkami konsumpcyjnymi gospodarstw domowych w 27 krajach Europy w latach 2000—2010. Wybór krajów i przedziału czasowego podyktowany został dostępnością i kompletnością danych pochodzących z Eurostatu. Nowością zaprezentowaną w tej pracy jest rozpatrywanie lat łącznie, a nie każdego roku oddzielnie. Stało się to możliwe dzięki przekształceniu danych pierwotnych na wielowymiarowe dane funkcjonalne oraz skonstruowaniu korelacji i zmiennych kanonicznych dla danych przekształconych. Z badania wynika, że wydatki na napoje alkoholowe i wyroby tytoniowe są bardzo silnie skorelowane z pozostałymi wydatkami konsumpcyjnymi (współczynnik korelacji kanonicznej między dwiema pierwszymi funkcjonalnymi zmiennymi kanonicznymi wynosi 0,99). Wydatki na napoje alkoholowe i wyroby tytoniowe mają prawie jednakowy wkład w budowę funkcjonalnej zmiennej kanonicznej U1, natomiast największy udział w budowie funkcjonalnej zmiennej kanonicznej V1 przypada wydatkom na artykuły żywnościowe i napoje bezalkoholowe oraz wydatkom na odzież i obuwie.
EN
The article aims to examine the relations between expenditure on alcoholic beverages and tobacco and other consumer expenditure of households in 27 European countries within 2000—2010. The choice of countries and time series was determined by the availability and completeness of Eurostat data. The years were analysed collectively not separately, which is a novelty presented in this paper. Such an approach was possible due the transformation of primary data into multivariate functional ones, and then the construction of correlations and canonical variables for transformed data. The study shows that expenditure on alcoholic beverages and tobacco is strongly correlated with other consumption expenditure (the canonical correlation coefficient between the two first functional canonical variables is 0.99). The expenditure on alcoholic beverages and tobacco has almost the same contribution to the construction of the functional canonical U1 variable, while the expenditure on food and non-alcoholic beverages and expenditure on clothing and footwear has the largest impact on the development of the functional canonical V1 variable.
EN
Differentiation of socio-economic development level and polarization thereof are strongly articulated features of this process included in the classical concepts of regional development theories (especially of polarized development) as well as their contemporary continuations. They lead to emergence of growth and stagnation areas in economic space. Therefore it is essential to seek for answers to questions concerning the causes of existing disparities in spatial systems and processes reinforcing the polarization. The main aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the important factors which determine the distribution and development of the growth and stagnation areas. It is carried out for selected aspects of the development process treated individually and for all aspects together considered a holistic approach to the development processes. The procedure for the identification of growth factors is based on canonical correlation analysis (holistic approach) and regression modeling (partialaspects). Research procedure was performed both for all poviats (NUTS 4), as well as in their specific subsystems being growth and stagnation areas.
PL
Zróżnicowanie poziomu rozwoju i jego polaryzacja są silnie akcentowanymi cechami procesu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego zarówno w klasycznych koncepcjach rozwoju (zwłaszcza rozwoju spolaryzowanego), jak i w ich współczesnych kontynuacjach. Prowadzi to do występowania w przestrzeni ekonomicznej obszarów wzrostu i obszarów stagnacji gospodarczej. Dlatego niezwykle istotne jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące przyczyn zróżnicowań układów przestrzennych oraz procesów polaryzacji. Głównym celem pracy jest identyfikacja i analiza istotnych czynników determinujących rozmieszczenie oraz rozwój obszarów wzrostu i obszarów stagnacji gospodarczej w ujęciu całościowym i częściowym rozwoju, w układzie wybranych aspektów tego procesu. Procedurę identyfikacji czynników rozwoju oparto na analizie korelacji kanonicznych (ujęcie całościowe) oraz modelowaniu regresyjnym (ujęcie częściowe). Postępowanie badawcze przeprowadzono zarówno w układzie wszystkich powiatów, jak i ich specyficznych podukładów, tj. obszarów wzrostu i obszarów stagnacji gospodarczej.
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