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EN
The novelty of the W-E-F nexus approach, given that it requires new coordination mechanisms within and between institutions and disciplines, requires new forms and types of capacities in order to be effective. This paper identifies some of the existing capacity gaps and measures to address those gaps, in order to ensure a successful implementation of the W-E-F nexus approach. Capacity development for the nexus requires a variety of mechanisms from the individual to institutional levels. To successfully put the W-E-F nexus into practice we should build on the strengths of existing mechanisms, while also improving coordination and integration of seemingly divergent approaches in the water, energy, and food sectors. Capacity development within and between sectors will be key to a successful implementation of the W-E-F nexus approach.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2021
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vol. 11
|
issue 1
126-140
EN
This article is focused on the examination of the law concerning medical treatment of minors, that is, persons under the age of 18. The first part of this article brings a short overview of the international documents regulating the rights of the child and specifically children’s rights within the area of health care provision. This article analyzes the issue of the maturity and competence of children and discusses whether persons under the age of 18 may be regarded as being capable of consenting to medical treatment. Furthermore this article brings a short comparative overview of the laws concerning medical treatment of minors in different countries and tries to extract the common features of the regulations in the different countries. Finally, the last and longest part of this article analyzes the issue of the capacity of minors to consent to medical treatment in the territory of the Czech Republic from the historical perspective and brings a structured overview of this issue under the current Czech laws.
EN
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in late February of 2022 caused a humanitarian refugee crisis on a scale unseen since World War II. The scale and speed at which refugees surged into other European countries required significant resources to respond to this influx. This study explores the perspectives of those working in NGOs about the resilience of their organisations in responding to the Ukrainian refugee crisis in the Czech Republic. Drawing on interview data collected at the beginning of the refugee response in the Czech Republic between February and June of 2022, our findings suggest that NGOs face capacity and governance challenges, and these system-level barriers inhibit NGO resilience and their ability to respond effectively to the Ukrainian refugee crisis in the long term. These lasting effects influence NGO resilience in the face of the unprecedented Ukrainian crisis. Despite these barriers, NGOs acted with flexibility and agility in delivering humanitarian assistance to Ukrainian refugees in the first few months of the crisis. The findings from this study indicate NGOs engage in organisational resilience strategies within a policy and governance system that lacks the adaptability and coordination needed to be resilient.
PL
The issue stated in the title is an attempt to understand the profound changes that have taken place in the culture of ethical education related to the relationship between humans and nature. The subject of analysis is linked to the need to promote interpersonal and interspecies humanitarianism. The author refers here to the educational activities aimed at shaping attitudes of respect for all living beings. The theoretical plane covers the ideas developed within the framework of the trend known as post-humanism. In this paper, the stance is that upbringing in humanitarianism is a great capacity that must be developed in children and adults. This is an ethical capacity for a community-oriented and respectful coexistence.
PL
Głównym celem opracowania była odpowiedź na pytanie, jaki jest wpływ regularnych ćwiczeń aerobowych na poziom rozwoju zdolności motorycznych 20-letnich kobiet. Badaniami objęto 12 dziewcząt, studentek Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, uczęszczających regularnie (2 razy w tygodniu) na zajęcia aerobowe zamiast regularnych zajęć wychowania fizycznego. Zajęcia były obowiązkowe i trwały 4 miesiące. Przed podjęciem przez kobiety zajęć aerobowych oraz po ich zakończeniu wykonano testy pośrednie określające poziom poszczególnych zdolności motorycznych, tj. szybkości, siły, wytrzymałości i koordynacji. Uzyskane wyniki poddano podstawowej analizie statystycznej. Na ich podstawie stwierdzono, że zajęcia aerobowe nie wpłynęły na średnią masę ciała badanych dziewcząt. Stąd wniosek, że regularne zajęcia aerobowe mają raczej wpływ na utrzymanie stałej masy ciała niż jej redukcję, co jest zgodne z danymi z literatury. Nie stwierdzono jednoznacznych zmian w poprawie wytrzymałości (różnokierunkowe zmiany VO2max). Wyniki te wskazują na różną odpowiedź poszczególnych uczestniczek zajęć aerobowych, zależną z pewnością od wyjściowego poziomu wytrenowania. Stąd konieczna wydaje się wstępna selekcja niejednorodnych pod względem sprawności grup, która umożliwi odpowiedni dobór ćwiczeń w stosunku do wyjściowej wydolności organizmu. U wszystkich badanych kobiet zanotowano poprawę wyników w próbach badających takie zdolności motoryczne, jak siła czy szybkość. Wskazuje to na przewagę komponentu siłowo-szybkościowego w prowadzonych zajęciach aerobowych.
EN
The aim of this study is to present the results of research, i.e. to answer the question: what is the influence of aerobics exercises to young women's motor capabilities. Some tests has been done to evaluate the level of young women's physical fitness (the main indicator-mark was the VO2max). Twelve students were examined. They have declared the low level of their physical activity. They have participated in cycle of aerobics exercises, which lasted for16 weeks. The aim of this research was to confirm the thesis that aerobics exercises have a positive influence on young women's physiological and morphological traits. Material and methods: During the experiment 12 students were examined. The cycle of aerobics exercises lasted for 4 months. One, separate activity (60 minutes) took place once a week, on Friday's afternoon. The results were put to the statistical analysis and the process of normalization, which showed the direction of parameter's changing. Results and conclusions: The reduction of weight was the motivation to attend to this cycle of aerobics exercises. In spite of that a decrease in this parameter was inconsiderable. The experiment showed that VO2max parameter increased in those women, who had a lower initial level of this mark. After 4 months of regular aerobics exercises ressearchers noticed that results of those women, who had higher initial VO2max changed for the worse. Regular aerobics activities helped all the participants to keep the constant weight, which was consistent with another author's publication. The results pointed out the necessity of initial selection of women in such a heterogeneous group. The main mark of this selection seemed to be VO2max. This should enable the proper selection of exercises and make the practice more effective. The resserchers noticed a significant improvement in such motor capabilities like: strength and speed (superiority in anaerobic components).
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę konfiguracji systemu produkcyjnego pod kątem stopnia wykorzystania maszyn technologicznych wchodzących w skład systemu. Założono, iż przedmiotem projektowania jest rekonfigurowalny system produkcyjny przeznaczony do produkcji części klasy wałek. W ramach zrealizowanych prac, na bazie danych wejściowych, zdefiniowano liczbę niezbędnych maszyn technologicznych (obrabiarek), wyselekcjonowano konfiguracje systemu umożliwiające osiągnięcie wymaganego poziomu produktywności oraz dokonano analizy przebiegu procesu produkcyjnego dla wybranych rozwiązań (konfiguracji), umożliwiających realizację produkcji na zakładanym poziomie. Ocenę przebiegu procesu produkcyjnego przeprowadzono w oparciu o wyniki symulacji zrealizowanych z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania Enterprise Dynamics.
EN
This paper investigates a production system configuration with respect to the use of technological machines that make part of this system. The investigation involved the design of a reconfigurable production system for manufacturing shafts. Based on input data, the number of necessary technological machines (machine tools) is defined, system configurations ensuring the required rate of production yield are developed and selected solutions (configurations) are analyzed. The production system was assessed based on numerical simulation results obtained with Enterprise Dynamics.
EN
Introduction. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) can precisely determine aerobic capacity, conjugate and independent functions of the pulmonary cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems. Aim. To describe CPET feedback from a high stamina professional football player. Description of the case. The test took place in course of one CPET session. The method of an individual case study was used in this research. The participant was a local team football player. According to the coaches’ opinion, this player had the best ability to perform long distance work. The test was performed using a cycle ergometer. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test was performed with a cycle ergometer RAMP test. Conclusion. The player’s capacity is at a level that allows us to outline his results as a unique case.
EN
A vast set of empirical evidence has been amassed over the past decade on the existence and direction of foreign direct investment (FDI)-generated horizontal and vertical spillovers. Overall, the results are mixed, and suggest that the theoretical postulated spillover effects often do not automatically materialize just because a country is able to attract FDI in the first place. As a result, more and more research has been devoted to understanding the various conditions that may explain these mixed results. Using a cross-section of more than 25,000 domestic manufacturing firms in 78 low-and middle-income countries from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys Indicator Database we assess how mediating factors influence productivity spillovers to domestic firms from FDI. We differentiate between three types of mediating factors: (i) a foreign investor’s spillover potential, (ii) a domestic firm’s absorptive capacity, and (iii) a country’s institutional framework. We find that all three affect the extent and direction of FDI spillovers on domestic firm productivity. Moreover, we find that the impact of mediating factors depends on domestic firms’ productivity and the structure of foreign ownership.
10
51%
EN
The article presents Polish construction industry in the period of present crisis in world economy. Dynamics of construction/ assembly production, capacity utilization of construction enterprises, intensity of construction activity, variability of prices in construction, employment in construction industry, structural changes and the general business tendency climate in construction have been taken into consideration. Statistical data describing years 2006-2009 show that the shape of Polish construction industry and its production change worse noticeably but not drastically during the last year of the considered period.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono obraz polskiego budownictwa w latach trwającego obecnie globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego. Uwzględniono dynamikę produkcji budowlano-montażowej, wykorzystanie potencjału produkcyjnego przedsiębiorstw budowlanych, intensywność ruchu budowlanego, dynamikę cen i produkcji budowlano-montażowej, dynamikę zatrudnienia i wynagrodzeń w budownictwie, zmiany w strukturze sektora budowlanego oraz ogólną koniunkturę w budownictwie polskim. Dane statystyczne opisujące lata 2006-2009 dają podstawę do stwierdzenia, że kondycja i wyniki polskiej branży budowlanej zauważalnie, choć nie drastycznie pogorszyły się w ostatnim roku analizowanego okresu.
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SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT

51%
LogForum
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2013
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vol. 9
|
issue 1
21-25
EN
Background: Supply chain risk management increasingly gains prominence in many international industries. In order to strengthen supply chain structures, processes, and networks, adequate potentials for risk management need to be built (focus on effective logistics) and to be utilized (focus on efficient logistics). Natural-based disasters, such as the case of Fukushima, illustrate how crucial risk management is. Method: By aligning a theoretical-conceptual framework with empirical-inductive findings, it may be hypothesized that logistical systems do have a positive effect on supply chain risk management activities. Result/conclusion: Flexibility and capacity, as well as redundancy and standardization, are often viewed as being conflictionary. It shows, however, that in the light of supply chain risk management, those factors may yield a common benefit if proper logistics systems are applied.
PL
Wstęp: Zarządzania ryzykiem łańcucha dostaw zyskuje coraz większe znaczenie w wielu międzynarodowych branżach. W celu wzmocnienia struktur łańcucha dostaw, procesów i sieci, należy stworzyć odpowiednie potencjały dla zarządzania ryzykiem (skoncentrowane na efektywnej logistyce) a następnie je stosować (koncentrując się na wydajnej logistyce). Katastrofy naturalne, takie jak na przykład ostatnio Fukushima, pokazują jak istotne jest odpowiednie zarządzanie ryzykiem. Metody: Zestawiając teoretyczno-koncepcyjne założenia z rezultatami emipryczno-indukcyjnymi, można postawić hipotezę, że systemy logistyczne posiadają pozytywny efekt na zarządzanie ryzykiem łańcucha dostaw. Wyniki i wnioski: Elastyczność i wydajność, jak również redukcja i standaryzacja, są często postrzegane jako elementy konfliktowe. Aczkolwiek, rozważając zagadnienia związane z zarządzaniem ryzykiem łańcucha dostaw, czynniki te mogą przyczynić się do wspólnie osiągniętych korzyści, pod warunkiem prawidłowo skonstruowanych systemów logistycznych.
EN
This article deals with the issue of competence of so-called vulnerable persons and the possibility of making valid informed consent. The theory of competence is here perceived as a task oriented competence. Subsequently, the capacity of the patient to give informed consent is analyzed. Here, the difference between the so-called general competence and specific competence is analyzed, as well as the difference between degree conception of competence and threshold conception of competence. The relation between competence and consequences of performed medical procedure is also specified. Finally, the article describes how these theoretical approaches are reflected in medical as well as legal practice.
CS
Tento článek se zabývá problematikou kompetence tzv. vulnerabilních osob a možnosti učinit validní informovaný souhlas. V článku je řešena nejprve teorie kompetence, která je vnímaná jako kompetence k plnění určitého úkolu (task oriented competence). Následně je rozebírána přímo kompetence pacienta k udělení informovanému souhlasu. Rozebrán je rozdíl mezi tzv. obecnou kompetencí a specifickou kompetencí, dále rozdíl mezi stupňovitou kompetencí a kompetencí hraniční. Specifikován je i poměr mezi kompetencí a následky provedeného zdravotního výkonu. Konečně je pak popsáno, jak se tyto teoretické přístupy odrážejí do medicínské, ale i právní praxe.
EN
This article is focused on the examination of the law concerning medical treatment of minors, that is, persons under the age of 18. The first part of this article discusses whether persons under the age of 18 may be regarded as being capable of consenting to medical treatment and the problem of the maturity. Further this article brings short comparative overview of the laws concerning medical treatment of minors in different countries. And finally the last part analyzes the capacity to consent of the minors under the current Czech laws.
CS
Tento článek se zabývá problematikou způsobilosti nezletilých k udělení souhlasu s poskytováním zdravotních služeb. První část článku se věnuje problematice posouzení vyspělosti nezletilých a jejich schopnosti činit samostatná rozhodnutí. Dále článek přináší krátkou komparativní část, která v obecné rovině popisuje přístupy jednotlivých států k problematice udělení souhlasu s poskytováním zdravotních služeb. Následně je pak analyzována česká právní úprava způsobilosti nezletilých k udělení souhlasu s poskytováním zdravotních služeb a důsledky této úpravy pro praxi.
EN
Tourism was slowdown by the global financial crisis and other negative factors very badly. Although there were numerous negative effects of the global financial crisis on tourism, there has still been a lack of theoretical information and research concerning its real impact on tourism. The main aim of this article is to trace the capacity of tourist accommodation establishment. It focuses on the development of the capacity of collective accommodation establishments and GDP in the Czech Republic and in Poland and on the impact of the global economic crisis on the problem in question. The authors attempt to find out whether there is any significant correlation between these categories.
PL
Branża turystyczna odnotowała poważny zastój spowodowany przez globalny kryzys finansowy i inne negatywne czynniki. Pomimo licznych ujemnych oddziaływań kryzysu finansowego na turystykę, brak jest ciągle właściwej informacji i badań o jego rzeczywistym wpływie na kondycję tej branży. Głównym celem artykułu było prześledzenie zmian w potencjale ośrodków zbiorowego zakwaterowania. W opracowaniu skoncentrowano uwagę na bazie noclegowej tychże placówek i kształtowaniu się PKB w Republice Czeskiej i w Polsce oraz na wpływie globalnego kryzysu finansowego na badany problem. Autorzy podjęli próbę ustalenia, czy istnieje jakakolwiek istotna współzależność pomiędzy tymi kategoriami.
EN
One of the basic elements inseparably connected with air communication is the security control of persons and luggage which is performed by certified OKBs entered on the list of the President of the Polish CAA. An area of interest is the security check of hand baggage passengers take with them on board the aircraft. This control is carried out based on current legal regulations in the field of civil aviation security and is designed to detect prohibited and dangerous items hidden in the passenger's luggage specified in these legal acts. Due to the fact that the catalogue of these items is not included in an enumerative way, the security control operator assesses the possibility of using any item other than that specified in the document in terms of the possibility of making an act of unlawful interference. However, the skills of the security control operator are only one of the elements affecting the effectiveness of the security check being performed. The technical background and degree of technical sophistication are no less important in the control process. This paper aims to indicate possible organizational solutions to be applied in practice, which have a measurable impact not only on the effectiveness of the security control performed but also on the throughput at the security checkpoint, which in turn determines the operational readiness of the entire airport. The authors, through empirical studies carried out at airport security checkpoints equipped with different technical and technological solutions, quantitatively indicate the benefits of using new technologies and the possibility of choosing the organization of work at the security checkpoint, depending on the needs arising from the nature and number of flight operations.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł wskazuje na obowiązujące w przewozie lotniczym ograniczenia w dostępie do rynku wynikające przede wszystkim z umów bilateralnych. Te bariery w dostępie do rynku z jednej strony ograniczają konkurencję, bo dopuszczają jedynie ograniczoną konkurencję ze strony przewoźników lotniczych, z drugiej zaś – dają przyzwolenie na zawieranie porozumień, które nie zawsze zgodne są z zasadami prawa konkurencji. Autor analizuje poszczególne restrykcje, z podziałem na ograniczenia występujące w międynarodowej regularnej i nieregularnej służbie powietrznej i wskazuje na brak kompromisu w ekonomicznej regulacji rynku, który mógłby zapewnić liberalizację przewozów lotniczych w ujęciu globalnym. Jako przykład skutecznie przeprowadzonej regulacji wskazuje na liberalizację przewozów lotniczych wewnątrz UE.
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to identify existing obstacles in access to the air transport market, which arise mostly from bilateral air transport agreements. The Author examines restrictions for both scheduled and non-scheduled international air services. On the one hand, these obstacles restrict competition and yet, on the other hand, they allow the conclusion of agreements which may fall under antitrust prohibitions. The analysis conducted by the Author shows the lack of a global compromise on the economic regulation of the air transport market. The Author illustrates effective liberalization on the example of the liberalization of air transport within the EU.
ECONOMICS
|
2015
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
55-72
XX
U vođenju poslovne politike, poznavanje troškova, kao ulaznog elementa procesa reprodukcije i njihovog ponašanja u dinamici sukcesivnih procesa je od velikog značaja za kvalitet ekonomije preduzeća. Činjenica da se troškovi različito ponašaju u odnosu na stepen korišćenja kapaciteta, zahtjeva od menadžmenta preduzeća poznavanje zakonitosti u ponašanju troškova u dinamici procesa reprodukcije. U skladu s tim je uspješnost iznalaženja optimalnog stepena korišćenja kapaciteta, gdje se postiže maksimalna dobit. U tu svrhu koriste se metode utvrđivanja graničnih troškova, kao i minimalnog stepena korišćenja kapaciteta, te metod utvrđivanja tačke - praga ekonomičnosti.
EN
In the leading of business policies, familiarity with expenses, being the entering element in the reproduction process and their conduct in the dynamics of successive processes is of great importance for the quality of company economics. The fact that expenses vary in relation to the degree of using capacities requires from the management of company to be familiar with the legislation of expense conduct in the dynamics of reproduction process. In accordance with this is the success in finding an optimal degree of using capacity, where the maximal profit is gained. For this purpose, methods of establishing limit expenses are used, as well as the minimal degree of using capacities and the method of point determining - economical threshold.
|
2020
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vol. 9
|
issue 4
651–661
EN
This article defends the teaching of Mortimer J. Adler that human education must aim at the betterment of human beings by forming good habits in us; and that, if intellectual and moral virtues, or good habits, are the same for all human beings because our natural capacities are the same and tend naturally to the same developments, then what logically follows is that the intellectual and moral virtues, or good habits, as the ends of education, are the absolute and universal principles on which education should always and everywhere be founded. This being the case, it concludes that, because of its essential foundation in the essentially flawed Enlightenment understanding of human nature, the New World Order can never be a cause of higher education, can, at best, cause a caricature of it.
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