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EN
Introduction. The deteriorating health of persons of advanced age necessitates that essential health care services are provided not only by networks of health care institutions but by informal caregivers as well. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess select aspects of care provision for persons requiring long-term care on the basis of opinions shared by their direct informal caregivers. Materials and methods. Surveys were administered to 982 individuals providing informal care for chronically ill persons or for those with disabilities. The survey was conducted in 2017. The questionnaire contained questions concerning the dysfunctions of chronically ill or disabled persons in their daily functioning and addressed related care problems. Results. Over half of the informal caretakers in the study were over 50 years of age (52.5%), had completed secondary educations (45.8%), and lived mainly in cities with populations under 50 thousand (63.4%). Reconciling care-related duties with one’s own professional work or studies was a problem for 43.2% of caregivers. The care tasks which entailed the greatest difficulties for caregivers were washing intimate areas after urination (57.4%) and bowel movements (55.6%) as well as total body bathing. Conclusions. In the opinion of over half of the surveyed caregivers, the activity posing the greatest difficulty for those providing care for persons partially or completely immobilized and possessing physiological dysfunctions (urinary or fecal incontinence) was the washing of intimate areas of the body.
PL
Wstęp. Schizofrenia jest przewlekłą, nawrotową chorobą psychiczną. Jest to choroba ludzi młodych, rozpoczyna się między 20. a 30. r.ż. Najczęstszą postacią jest schizofrenia paranoidalna, w której głównie występują objawy wytwórcze, takie jak omamy i urojenia. Osoba cierpiąca na schizofrenię paranoidalną niekoniecznie sprawia wrażenie chorej psychicznie, do momentu, aż wystąpią u niej objawy paranoidalne.
EN
Background. Schizophrenia is a chronic, recurrent mental disorder. It is a disease that efects mainly young people, it starts between 20–30 years of age. The most common form is paranoid schizophrenia, in which there are mainly productive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. A person suffering from paranoid schizophrenia does not necessarily appear to be mentally ill until they experience paranoid symptoms.
PL
Choroba Parkinsona jest samoistną, powoli postępującą zwyrodnieniową chorobą układu nerwowego. Dotyczy głównie osób starszych, a średni wiek zachorowalności wynosi 58 lat. Częściej chorują mężczyźni niż kobiety i dotyczy coraz większej liczby osób. Według WHO, na świecie jest 5 mln chorych na tę chorobę. Do głównych objawów zaliczamy: drżenie spoczynkowe, spowolnienie ruchowe oraz sztywność mięśni. Mechanizm jej powstawanie nie został wyjaśniony, ale proces zwyrodnieniowy dotyczy jąder podkorowych, a zwłaszcza istoty czarnej i dochodzi do zachwiania układu dopaminergicznego, a w konsekwencji do destabilizacji w innych układach neuroprzekaźnikowych. Postępowanie terapeutyczne w chorobie Parkinsona jest bardzo złożone i powinno uwzględniać nie tylko farmakoterapie, ale także inne rodzaje oddziaływań na chorego i chorobę, takie jak: rehabilitacje, odpowiedni tryb życia oraz właściwą dietę, a także edukację i wsparcie zarówno chorych, jak i ich rodzin. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie problemu zdrowotnego chorych na chorobę Parkinsona oraz postępowanie leczniczo-pielęgnacyjne wobec chorego na chorobę Parkinsona.
EN
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system. This concerns mainly the elderly, and the average age of incidence is 58 years. There is a higher rate of Parkinson’s disease in men than women and it concerns an increasing number of people. According to WHO, there are five million people suffering from this disease in the world. The main symptoms are following: tremor at rest, slowness of movement and muscle stiffness. The mechanism of its formation has not been elucidated, but the degenerative process concerns the basal ganglia, particularly the substantia nigra and comes to erode the dopaminergic system and consequently to the destabilization of other neurotransmitter systems. Therapeutic treatment for Parkinson’s disease is complex and should include not only pharmacotherapy, but also other types of impacts on patient and disease, such as rehabilitation, appropriate lifestyle and diet as well as education and support to both patients and their families. The aim of this work was to present a health problem in patients with Parkinson’s disease as well as nursing procedures to a patient with Parkinson’s disease.
PL
The article deals with difficult and problem behaviors of young people with moderate and severeintellectual disabilities. For an accurate presentation of the specificity of functioning of a person withintellectual disability, the article presents functioning in particular developmental spheres. The argumentationgathered was confirmed by the results of our own research – IDI in-depth interviews
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