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1
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„CARITAS CHRISTI URGET NOS” (2 KOR 5, 14) – DUCHOWOŚĆ CARITAS

100%
Sobolewski Z.
Studia Ełckie
|
2017
|
vol. 19
|
issue numer specjalny
715 - 732
EN
Caritas of Elk Diocese celebrates the 25th anniversary of its activity. From the beginning it helps in a material and spiritual way to the poor and to those who are in need. Caritas runs many specialist units. Caritas takes care of the development of Caritas units in schools and in parishes in its diocese. Spiritual-ity biased on faith is what distinguish Caritas from other nongovernmental or-ganizations that bring help to different social groups like: poor, sick, elderly, orphans, homeless, unemployed and socially excluded because of their poverty. The main motive for Caritas’ activities is servant to the poor people in the same way we would do it to the Christ. Reference to the Christ, imitation of Christ’s example, his respect for poor people and to the spirit of solidarity and brother-hood with poor are the main points of reference in spiritual formation of Cari-tas’ employees and volunteers. Caritas of Elk Diocese takes care of ecclesial identity in its works of mer-cy. Caritas takes care not only of material and spiritual forms of help but also about christian character of its activities. This article talks about basic spirituality of Caritas, mainly the need of religious and moral formation of employees and volunteers who works for Caritas in Elk. In reference to the latest states of popes it was shown the evan-gelic sources of Caritas’ spirituality, moral imperative of the responsibility for poor and attributes of the church’s charitable activity such as: unselfishness, respect for the human’s dignity and its rights, gratefulness and solidarity.
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ECCLESIASTIC LOVE IN EVANGELISATION

88%
Tryk H.
Forum Teologiczne
|
2019
|
vol. 20
127-138
EN
Evangelisation is an important part of the Church’s mission and its aim is to bring man to meet with God the saviour. Preaching the Gospel cannot be reduced to words, but it requires testimony in the form of deeds. Acts of love, for which the best source is the conduct of Jesus, described in the Gospels, are the most credible. The Church not only tries to imitate Jesus, but also to make Him present in the God’s words that it preaches and in the ministry of charity. The truth of His infinite love is the most important truth that it communicates to the faithful. Therefore, evangelisation is always a form of communicating God’s love. The testimony of the faith in Christ, confirmed by acts of love, is extremely convincing and clear. Therefore, evangelisational activities of the Church must always include Christian caritas, i.e. ministration to the needy.
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„A tu rzeczywistość skrzeczy…”, czyli „Na marne” i „Z dobrego serca” Lucjana Rydla

77%
Olszewska M. J.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria
|
2019
|
vol. 19
97-114
RU
Two dramas by Lucjan Rydel 'Na marne' (1895) and 'Z dobrego serca' (1897) were created during the poet’s stay in Western Europe. These pieces are a testimony to changes in his worldview and attitude to life. He left in them his youthful fascination with symbolic and mood drama modeled on Maurice Maeterlinck’s plays. The attempts to transpose these patterns were heavily criticized by his youthful works 'Matka' and 'Dies irae'. Rydel turned to realism in art. In this case, the patterns were provided by Gerhart Hauptmann and Leo Tolstoy. Na marne is based on the confrontation of two life attitudes. The Major, a former insurgent, symbolizes patriotic tradition and deed, and his grandson Adam is a decadent who has lost faith in the meaning of life. It pushes him to suicide. This drama is a warning against passivity and fatalism. 'Z dobrego' serca treats about the sacrifice of a young girl who, after her sister’s death, decides to marry a much older brother-in-law to save her family. It becomes the personification of love of human being. For Rydel, the foundation on which we should build our life is Christian values. The choice made by the poet confirms his subsequent dramas mainly written for the folk theatre of which he was the initiator and creator.
EN
Two dramas by Lucjan Rydel 'Na marne' (1895) and 'Z dobrego serca' (1897) were created during the poet’s stay in Western Europe. These pieces are a testimony to changes in his worldview and attitude to life. He left in them his youthful fascination with symbolic and mood drama modeled on Maurice Maeterlinck’s plays. The attempts to transpose these patterns were heavily criticized by his youthful works 'Matka' and 'Dies irae'. Rydel turned to realism in art. In this case, the patterns were provided by Gerhart Hauptmann and Leo Tolstoy. Na marne is based on the confrontation of two life attitudes. The Major, a former insurgent, symbolizes patriotic tradition and deed, and his grandson Adam is a decadent who has lost faith in the meaning of life. It pushes him to suicide. This drama is a warning against passivity and fatalism. 'Z dobrego serca' treats about the sacrifice of a young girl who, after her sister’s death, decides to marry a much older brother-in-law to save her family. It becomes the personification of love of human being. For Rydel, the foundation on which we should build our life is Christian values. The choice made by the poet confirms his subsequent dramas mainly written for the folk theatre of which he was the initiator and creator.
DE
Two dramas by Lucjan Rydel 'Na marne' (1895) and 'Z dobrego serca' (1897) were created during the poet’s stay in Western Europe. These pieces are a testimony to changes in his worldview and attitude to life. He left in them his youthful fascination with symbolic and mood drama modeled on Maurice Maeterlinck’s plays. The attempts to transpose these patterns were heavily criticized by his youthful works 'Matka' and 'Dies irae'. Rydel turned to realism in art. In this case, the patterns were provided by Gerhart Hauptmann and Leo Tolstoy. Na marne is based on the confrontation of two life attitudes. The Major, a former insurgent, symbolizes patriotic tradition and deed, and his grandson Adam is a decadent who has lost faith in the meaning of life. It pushes him to suicide. This drama is a warning against passivity and fatalism. 'Z dobrego serca' treats about the sacrifice of a young girl who, after her sister’s death, decides to marry a much older brother-in-law to save her family. It becomes the personification of love of human being. For Rydel, the foundation on which we should build our life is Christian values. The choice made by the poet confirms his subsequent dramas mainly written for the folk theatre of which he was the initiator and creator.
4
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Pięć kroków pastoralnego nawrócenia

76%
Sadlak R.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2020
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vol. 67
|
issue 6
69-84
EN
The contemporary Church urges all the believers to take up mental conversion, which is to re-realize their identity and the message that flows from it to the work of evangelization. One of the ways of pastoral conversion is to take five steps that symbolize the first five letters of the alphabet – A, B, C, D, E. To become an authentic evangelizer, one should adore God first, pray, then be a brother and sister to people, try to practice Christian Caritas and feel the disciple of Jesus. Only when these steps are taken will a believer, by God’s Grace, become a true evangelizer.
PL
Współczesny Kościół nawołuje wszystkich wiernych do podjęcia mentalnego nawrócenia, które ma polegać na uświadomieniu sobie na nowo swojej tożsamości i wypływającego z niej posłania do dzieła ewangelizacji. Jednym ze sposobów pastoralnego nawrócenia jest podjęcie pięciu kroków, które symbolizuje pierwszych pięć liter alfabetu: A, B, C, D, E. Aby stać się autentycznym ewangelizatorem, należy najpierw adorować Boga, modlić się, następnie być dla ludzi bratem i siostrą, starać się praktykować chrześcijańską caritas (miłość) i czuć się uczniem Jezusa. Dopiero wtedy, gdy te kroki będą podjęte, osoba wierząca stanie się z pomocą łaski Bożej autentycznym ewangelizatorem.
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Rodzina środowiskiem formacji prospołecznej i wolontarystycznej dzieci

71%
Przygoda W.
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne (Pastoral and Catechetical Annals)
|
2012
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vol. 4(59)
037-052
EN
One of the problems of the modern family are weak personal bonds between the spouses as well as between the parents and children. In Europe, and also in Poland, there are fewer and fewer multigenerational families; two-generational or even one-generational ones dominate. Moreover, taking into consideration the fact of low fertility in families the process of prosocial and volontaristic formation in the family appears as a challenge to the contemporary family. Success of the process of pro-social and volontaristic formation in the family depends on several factors, like: the full composition of the family, the family atmosphere, the number of children in the family, the mother's career, the financial situation of the family and the family’s religiousness. However, the most important condition for attaining success of the process is discovering, especially by the parents, God’s plan, according to which the family is the least social unit and an irreplaceable community of love. Only a family trying to realize such a model of family life is able to bring up the kind of beautiful man who not only can „be with others”, but also „be for others”.
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Specyfika posługi charytatywnej Kościoła w ujęciu kard. Paula Josefa Cordesa

71%
Przygoda W.
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne (Pastoral and Catechetical Annals)
|
2010
|
vol. 2(57)
25-38
EN
When announcing the encyclical Deus Caritas Est on December 25, 2005, Pope Benedict XVI added momentum to the discussion of the essence and unique nature of the Church’s charity work. In the discussion of such work, among others, P.J. Cordes’ voice is not to be ignored, not only due to the high position he holds (President of the Papal Council “Cor Unum”) but also his influential publications on charity theology, especially his latest book entitled: Helfer fallen nicht vom Himmel. Caritas und Spiritualität (Eng. Those who give help do not descend from heaven. Caritas and spirituality). In Cardinal’s view, nowadays institutionalized charity work demands an insight into political, economic, sanitary, anthropological and administrative spheres as well as practical skills proved by appropriate certificates. All of this is important and necessary, yet insufficient from the perspective of the charity organizations of the Catholic Church. Only a shift from the legal paradigm to the one of faith will permit a deeper insight into human poverty. Therefore, professionalization of the forms and means should be accompanied by a greater concern for spiritual formation of people who are either professionally or voluntarily involved in the charity mission of the Church.
7
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Tajemnica miłości Bożej w myśli Franciszka Sawickiego

71%
Mróz M.
Verbum Vitae
|
2013
|
vol. 23
197-223
EN
Rev. Franciszek Sawicki (1877-1952) was a philosopher, apologist and theologian who thoroughly studied the subject of “God’s eternal love”. Assuming that the most elevated expression for describing God are the words “God is love” (1 J 4:8), Sawicki searched for the most appropriate way to express this truth. He worked in the field of philosophy, theology, and direct life experience. His most significant publications on the subject of God’s love are Filozofia miłości (1924), Bóg jest miłością, Caritas w oświetleniu społecznym i moralno-religijnym (1949). According to Sawicki, man’s life consists not only of a natural dimension (what a man is) but also of his personal life (who a man is). The level of “personality” (the notion used by F. Sawicki) includes both the world of sensual nature, as well as the spiritual dimension of personality, where selfdetermination and responsibility play a special role. Here man’s social and relational assignment should be stressed. It is on the basis of “the ideal of personality” that Sawicki builds up his relational concept of love. It touches upon the intellectual, emotional, and experiential sphere. God, who is Love himself, gave a man power and enabled him to enter into a relationship of love with his Creator and Saviour. It is “the eternal love of God” that provides daily bread and grants his grace resulting from his wisdom and mercy. Sawicki spots the “gesture” of mercy in the commandment of love, which helps man to decide freely about the subject of his love: God, and, through Him and in Him, another man, his neighbour. God’s mercy is particularly emphasized towards those who betrayed the “plan of eternal love of God”. God’s love, in the act of salvation brought by Jesus Christ (“the most personal personality”), is always ready to renew the gift of love in the man. On the other hand, man’s answer should be full of gratitude for “new life” and the renewal of love. It should abound with with acts of mercy towards those who need love, crushed by the burden of “their way”. This way Sawicki sketches the providential plan of the eternal love of God who uses its power to solve the problem of evil and suffering.
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Miłość Boga w ujęciu J. Razingera/Benedykta XVI

71%
Barth G.
Verbum Vitae
|
2013
|
vol. 23
245-265
EN
The article presents the subject of God’s love in J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI’s interpretation. The theme of God’s love, according to Ratzinger, is not to be reduced to one of the many theological issues to be discussed. Pope puts the love of God at the center of the Christian life as a principle and interpretative key. It is no coincidence that the first encyclical Deus caritas est, inaugurating his pontificate, begins with the words which are the profession of faith in the name of God who is Love. This agapetological feature of the Papal reflection sets the frame of his theology and points at the sphere where it reaches its essence and consummation. The subject of God’s love is discussed in two parts of the article: the first one consists of the analysis of the three terms: eros, agape and caritas, which are the three aspects of love. The philosophical and biblical analysis of these expressions made by Benedict XVI allows him to extract the essence of divine love. In the second part of the present article, the three moments reflecting the whole dynamics of love in the teaching of the Pope will be discussed: the source of love in the Triune God (1), the concretization and the fullest revelation of love in the person and work of Jesus Christ (2), and the relationship between the love of God and the love of man (3). The latter ultimately becomes a human response based on the primacy of God’s love, and turns into a divine-human love.
9

Przygotowanie pastoralne seminarzystów do posługi charytatywnej

63%
Matuszak P.
Roczniki Teologiczne
|
2015
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vol. 62
|
issue 6: Teologia pastoralna
97-122
EN
One of the essential goals of pastoral formation of seminarians is their preparation to the animation of the ministration of charity in the conditions of the modern world. Unselfish love of neighbour is one of the basic aims of the Church, and fulfillment of the commandment of love of neighbour is a guarantee of the dynamic growth of the Christian communities. The ministration of charity, which – as the Vatican Council II underlines – is a right and duty of every disciple of Christ, arises from the God's commandment of love and consists in helping people to satisfy their existential, social and spiritual needs. Therefore, in pastoral formation of candidates to priesthood it should be taken into account that every priest becomes involved in the mission of Christ, an important part of which is unselfish love of neighbour. This article is a result of a reflection, which has its source not only in the teaching of the Church on formation in ministration of charity, but also in my own sociological survey conducted in 2008-2009 among 303 deacons from 37 seminaries in Poland. The article shows the current state of preparation of Polish seminarians to animation of pastoral activity, and also the ways to strengthen and improve their formation in ministration of charity.
PL
Jednym z istotnych celów formacji pastoralnej seminarzystów jest ich przygotowanie do animacji posługi charytatywnej w uwarunkowaniach współczesnego świata. Bezinteresowna miłość bliźniego jest jednym z podstawowych zadań Kościoła, a realizacja przykazania miłości jest gwarantem dynamiki rozwoju wspólnot chrześcijańskich. Posługa charytatywna, która – jak podkreśla Sobór Watykański II – jest prawem i obowiązkiem każdego ucznia Chrystusa, wynika z Bożego przykazania miłości i polega na pomocy ubogim w zaspokojeniu ich podstawowych potrzeb egzystencjalnych, psychicznych, społecznych i duchowych. Toteż w formacji pastoralnej kandydatów do święceń należy to uwzględnić, że każdy kapłan zostaje włączony w misję samego Chrystusa, której ważnym elementem jest bezinteresowna służba bliźnim. Źródłem refleksji, której rezultatem jest ten artykuł, jest nie tylko nauczanie Kościoła na temat formacji charytatywnej, lecz także własne badania socjologiczne przeprowadzone na przełomie 2008 i 2009 roku wśród 303 diakonów z 37 wyższych seminariów duchownych w Polsce. Artykuł pokazuje nie tylko, jaki jest stan przygotowania polskich seminarzystów do animacji działalności charytatywnej, lecz także w jaki sposób można wzmocnić i udoskonalić formację charytatywną kandydatów do święceń.
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Saint Vincent de Paul. Entre la conversion de l'ambition et le mysticisme de son action charismatique

63%
Zakhary M. S.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2018
|
vol. 65
|
issue 5: Teologia duchowości
121-136
EN
Located in the 4th centenary of the charisma of St. Vincent de Paul (1617-2017), this study deepens, in the life of the “Grand Saint of the Grand Century”, and by his own words, the ins and outs of his conversion, and charisma. Both reveal, in filigree, his mysticism, which often goes unnoticed. The height of the youth of the charism is directly proportional to the depth of the conversion. We can't ask, no more, “the actions of charity made their time?”. Our Lord Jesus Christ has given the answer: “the poor, indeed, you have always with you” (Mt 26:11). For his part, the Pope Francis invites members of the International Association of Charities with this exhortation: “In being rooted in the personal experience of Christ, you will be able to contribute to a “culture of mercy” that renews deeply the hearts and opens up to a new reality”.
PL
To studium, podjęte cztery wieki po pojawieniu się charyzmatu św. Wincentego a Paulo (1617-2017), jest zależne od „Wielkiego Świętego Wielkiego Stulecia” i od jego własnych relacji opisujących wewnętrzną i zewnętrzną stronę jego nawrócenia, jego charyzmat. Zarówno jego relacja, jak i nawrócenie odsłaniają w pewnym stopniu jego mistycyzm, który jest często niezauważany. Najwyższy przejaw młodości charyzmatu jest bezpośrednio proporcjonalny do głębi nawrócenia. Czy nie możemy już więcej pytać: czy to „czyny miłości tworzą czasy, w których są dokonywane”? Nasz Pan Jezus Chrystus dał na to odpowiedź: „Albowiem ubogich zawsze macie u siebie” (Mt 26,11). Ze swej strony papież Franciszek zachęca członków Międzynarodowego Stowarzyszenia Miłosierdzia słowami: „Zakorzenieni w doświadczeniu osobistym Chrystusa, będziecie mogli przyczynić się do propagowania «kultury miłosierdzia», która odnawia głęboko serca i otwiera je na nową rzeczywistość.
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Parafia wspólnotą miłości i służby braterskiej w ujęciu ks. Ryszarda Kamińskiego

63%
Przygoda W.
Roczniki Teologiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 61
|
issue 6: Teologia Pastoralna
193-209
XX
Jednym z wiodących kierunków badań naukowych ks. R. Kamińskiego jest problematyka parafii i duszpasterstwa parafialnego. Dużym osiągnięciem tego Autora jest rozwój w Polsce teorii struktury parafii i jej działalności zbawczej. Ks. R. Kamiński jest przekonany, że sku­teczność oddziaływania pastoralnego parafii na wiernych uwarunkowana jest jej permanentną odnową. Istotą odnowy parafii jest natomiast rozwijanie jej wspólnotowego charakteru, pogłę­bianie wiedzy i przekonań religijnych wiernych, większe zaangażowanie apostolskie laikatu oraz kreowanie lub umacnianie istniejących już w parafii substruktur wspólnotowych, zwła­szcza parafialnej rady duszpasterskiej, małych wspólnot religijnych oraz życia wspólnoto­wego prezbiterium parafialnego. Artykuł zawiera analizę dorobku naukowego ks. R. Kamińskie­go w zakresie modelu parafii jako wspólnoty miłości i służby braterskiej.
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Miłosierdzie Boże szansą ożywienia posługi charytatywnej Kościoła w Polsce

63%
Przygoda W.
Polonia Sacra
|
2020
|
vol. 24
|
issue 1
EN
The Year of Mercy proclaimed by Pope Francis undoubtedly contributed to a more intense proclamation of the truth about God’s mercy and the development of various forms of the cult of God’s mercy in the Church. In the context of this event, another question arises: how can this jubilee contribute to the revitalization of the Church’s charitable service in Poland? The present study attempts to answer this question. Its main sources are documents of the contemporary Church, especially the teaching of Pope Francis. The author presents mercy as a principle of pastoral care, because mercy is to permeate all the basic functions of the Church (kerygma-marytria, leiturgia, diakonia). Then, based on the data of the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw, he analyzes the current state of poverty in Poland. In the final part of the article, he indicates the criteria of the ministerial Church. In the author’s conviction, the application of these criteria is a condition for the successful implementation of the Church’s charitable service in Poland.
PL
Ogłoszony przez papieża Franciszka Rok Miłosierdzia niewątpliwie przyczynił się do intensywniejszego głoszenia prawdy o miłosierdziu Bożym oraz do rozwoju różnych form kultu miłosierdzia Bożego w Kościele. W kontekście tego wydarzenia rodzi się inne pytanie, w jaki sposób ów jubileusz mógł się przyczynić do ożywienia posługi charytatywnej Kościoła w Polsce? Próbę odpowiedzi na to pytanie stanowi niniejsze opracowanie, a jego źródłem podstawowym są współczesne dokumenty Kościoła, szczególnie nauczanie papieża Franciszka. Autor przedstawia najpierw miłosierdzie jako zasadę duszpasterstwa, gdyż miłosierdzie ma przenikać wszystkie funkcje podstawowe Kościoła (kerygma-marytria, leiturgia, diakonia). Następnie na podstawie danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego w Warszawie analizuje aktualny stan ubóstwa w Polsce. W finalnej części artykułu wskazuje kryteria Kościoła służebnego. W przekonaniu autora stosowanie tych kryteriów jest warunkiem pomyślnej realizacji posługi charytatywnej Kościoła w Polsce.
13
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La teología mística de San Bernardo: paradisus claustralis

63%
Gilson É.
|
2020
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vol. 9
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issue 4
671-708
EN
The author discusses St. Bernard of Clairvaux’s understanding of paradisus claustralis—the monastic life of union with the Divine Will. Specifically, he tries to answer the question whether divine love can be taught according to the method proposed by St. Bernard. He makes his way through a whole thicket of artificial obstacles erected around it in order to show the whole positive contribution of history to the understanding of St. Bernard’s mystical theology.
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Wie kann man die innere Bedeutung des Wortes „Caritas” mit der Hilfe der Textanalyse bestimmen?

51%
Birher N.
Roczniki Teologiczne
|
2018
|
vol. 65
|
issue 6: Teologia pastoralna
15-31
EN
What is the main sense of the word Caritas? We try to answer with the method of the text analysis. We search the key worlds in the Gospel of Marc and in different documents of ecclesial norms (Encyclical Deus Caritas Est, Motu propio Intima Ecclesiae Natura). The end-result is: Caritas mean: activity and responsibility. In the second part of our article we give some advises how to realize this responsibility and activity. This activity can be realised only trough the cooperation of different levels the transactions, but the key his efectivness is the precise definition the goals of our activity.
PL
Jaki jest główny sens słowa „caritas”? Na to pytanie autor stara się odpowiedzieć za pomocą metody analizy strukturalnej tekstu. Przeszukał i poddał analizie ilościowej kluczowe pojęcia z zakresu nauki o caritas w Ewangelii św. Marka i w innych dokumentach norm eklezjalnych. Końcowy wynik analiz wskazuje, iż pojęcie „caritas” oznacza przede wszystkim aktywność i odpowiedzialność. W dru-giej części tego artykułu zostały podane pewne wskazówki, jak zrealizować tę odpowiedzialność i działanie w zakresie działalności charytatywnej Kościoła.
15
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Kirche als die Gemeinschaft der Liebe. Gianni Vattimos Auseinandersetzung mit dem Christentum

51%
Tarchała A.
Humanistyka i Przyrodoznawstwo
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2017
|
issue 23
23-251
XX
Istniejemy jako ludzkość w wieku interpretacji – stwierdził Gianni Vattimo. W takim kontekście dochodzi do jednoczesnego zapośredniczenia kultury, nauki, polityki, filozofii i religii. I tak – kultura dialogu motywuje nas, by ukierunkować myślenie na filozoficzne konteksty problematyzujących rozstrzygnięć Nietzschego, Heideggera i Gadamera. Prawda ma zatem charakter historyczny – podkreśla Vattimo, zwracając naszą uwagę na szczególny obowiązek i zadanie hermeneutyki jako narzędzia interpretacji, jak również specyficznego sposóbu nastawienia do „świata życia“ konkretnego człowieka – tu rozumianego jako hermeneuty faktyczności. W takiej perspektywie Gianni Vattimo jako filozof „słabej myśli“ i chrześcijanin, staje się w obronie najsłabszych, wykluczonych i zmarginalizowanych.
EN
he aim of the article is to present the concept of Christianity in which the Church will be understood as a specific community of love. The church would be in the sense of community which is expressed kenosis of Christ. The church should be like Christ in his resignation and transformation, that is, give up attitude only power but just in love give birth to real life. Love in this perspective is the salvation for the degradation of societies.
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Uczynki miłosierdzia względem ciała i duszy. Historia i praktyka

45%
Gryz K.
Analecta Cracoviensia
|
2016
|
vol. 48
EN
The Church made assisting the poor and needy an important part of its mission, as a response to an explicit command to enact the commandment to love one’s neighbor given by Christ. The obligation to show an active love of neighbor is expressed in the catechism formula of works of mercy toward the body and soul. The article analyzes both the genesis of this formula, as well as its historical interpretation over the centuries.The corporal works of mercy have been clearly stated by Christ Himself in the context of the teaching of the last judgment recorded in the Gospel of Matthew 25:31–40, however the spiritual works of mercy find their biblical justification in different places of the Gospels. In III century Origen in the spirit of allegorical exegesis interpreted the works of mercy mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew also as a call to help in the spiritual needs of man, and after him St. Augustine in the West. In this way, gradually the list of seven works of mercy concerning the soul was established.St. Thomas Aquinas gave us the classical moral interpretation of the acts of mercy, establishing the conditions under which they are a strict moral obligation. I the later period in the practice of charity stressed the elements such as: a personal experience of God’s mercy as a call to help others (St. Faustina), valuing man in his dignity (St. John Paul II) and recentely a concern for people excluded or deprived of opportunities of self-development (Pope Francis).
PL
Wspomaganie biednych i potrzebujących uczynił Kościół ważnym elementem swojego posłannictwa, jako odpowiedź na wyraźny nakaz realizacji przykazania miłości bliźniego dany przez Chrystusa. Obowiązek okazywania czynnej miłości bliźniemu został wyrażony w katechizmowej formule uczynków miłosierdzia co do ciała i co do duszy. Artykuł analizuje zarówno genezę powstania tej formuły, jak również jej historyczną interpretację na przestrzeni wieków.Uczynki miłosierdzia co do ciała zostały wyraźnie sformułowane przez samego Chrystusa w kontekście nauki o sądzie ostatecznym, zapisanej w Ewangelii św. Mateusza 25, 31–40, natomiast uczynki co do duszy znajdują swoje biblijne uzasadnienie w różnych miejscach Ewangelii. W III wieku Orygenes w duchu egzegezy alegorycznej interpretował uczynki miłosierdzia wymienione w Ewangelii Mateusza także jako wezwanie do pomocy w duchowych potrzebach człowieka, a za nim na Zachodzie czynił tak św. Augustyn. W ten sposób stopniowo rodziła się lista siedmiu uczynków co do duszy.Klasyczną interpretację moralną uczynków miłosierdzia podał św. Tomasz z Akwinu, ustalając, w jakich warunkach są one ścisłą powinnością moralną. W późniejszym okresie w praktykowaniu miłosierdzia podkreślano takie elementy jak: osobiste doświadczenie Bożego miłosierdzia jako wezwanie do pomocy innym (św. Faustyna), dowartościowanie człowieka w jego godności (św. Jan Paweł II) oraz w ostatnim czasie troska o ludzi wykluczonych, czyli pozbawionych możliwości własnego rozwoju (papież Franciszek).
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