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The impact of opening Berlin Brandenburg Willy Brandt airport on the Polish aviation market

100%
Augustyniak W.
LogForum
|
2017
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vol. 13
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issue 1
51-60
EN
Introduction: In the past decade, the Polish airport market has seen an unprecedented increase in passenger numbers. Regional airports in the second half of the XX century functioned as monopolies in a market heavily typified by Chicago style bilateral contracts. Consequently, a "hub-and-spoke" system has been in operation, where the regional airports perform the role of first port of call for passengers flying into a hub. Open skies policy, as well as the emergence of low cost airlines in 2004 upgraded the status of regional airports to that of regular commercial ones. Many of these had the opportunity to report a profit for the first time, as well as being able to function in a competitive environment where they could directly compete with other airports both for new carriers, in order to expand their connection network, as well as for new passengers. In this environment, a key factor to success to an increasing extent has become the airport's position in the market in comparison to similar sized airports as well as in reference to developing hubs like Berlin. Methods: Using information about network connections, the number and type of passengers at specific airports, flight times and distances to and from airports, a 2 hour isochrone analysis was carried out and 4D strategic maps were constructed. As a result of the data analysis it was possible to identify several market subgroups consisting of airports competing for the same passenger, network connection and/or geographical profile. Results: Accepting as a premise that the further development of Berlin as a hub will see the airport maintaining a similar carrier structure and list of destinations on offer, it can be classified in the same strategic group of hub airports as Prague and Warsaw. The results identified a relatively consistent group of the 6 biggest regional Polish airports as well as a group of second-tier international hubs which shared certain characteristics of regional airports. The final group to be identified in the results was that of the smallest Polish airports whose importance for the market is negligible. Conclusions: The growth of Berlin Brandenburg Airport Willy Brandt (BER) as a hub airport poses a greater threat to the influence of Warsaw's Chopin Airport (WAW) in western Poland than to the functioning of regional airports in Poland. These airports as well as developing quick intermodal connections will have to increasingly actively find their own niches in the market. A potential threat to Wroclaw (WRO) airport may in the future come from the growth of smaller German airports such as Leipzig and Dresden and/ or their Czech equivalents. In the eventuality of an abolition of restrictive visa requirements between Poland and Russia, a similar phenomenon may be observed in the future with the airports in Gdansk and Kaliningrad.
PL
Wstęp: Polski rynek lotniczy na przestrzeni ostatniej dekady doznał bezprecedensowego wzrostu dynamiki przewozów pasażerskich. Regionalne porty lotnicze w drugiej połowie XX wieku działały jako lokalni monopoliści na rynku mocno uregulowanym bilateralnymi umowami typu chicagowskiego. W konsekwencji funkcjonowały wyłącznie w systemie "hub-and-spoke", w których pełniły rolę pierwszego przystanku dla pasażerów lecących do hubów. Umowy otwartego nieba oraz pojawienie się przewoźników niskokosztowych w roku 2004 przeorientowały działalność polskich regionalnych lotnisk na typowo rynkową. Wiele z nich po raz pierwszy miało szansę na przekroczenie progu rentowności oraz funkcjonowanie w otoczeniu konkurencyjnym walcząc z innymi portami lotniczymi zarówno o nowych przewoźników generujących większą siatkę połączeń jak i nowych pasażerów. W tych warunkach kluczowym czynnikiem sukcesu w coraz większym stopniu staje się identyfikacja pozycji rynkowej względem podmiotów podobnej wielkości oraz rozbudowywujących się hubów takich jak lotnisko w Berlinie. Metody: Korzystając z informacji o siatce połączeń, liczbie i rodzaju pasażerów w poszczególnych portach lotniczych, odległościach i czasach przejazdu z i do portów lotniczych dokonano analizy izochron 2h oraz skonstruowano mapy strategiczne 4D. W wyniku analizy udało się wyodrębnić kilka podgrup rynkowych składających się z portów konkurujących między sobą profilem pasażera, typem siatki połączeń oraz geograficznie. Wyniki: Zakładając, że dalszy rozwój berlińskiego hubu będzie polegał na zachowaniu podobnej struktury przewoźników i oferowanych przez nich kierunków, lotnisko zakwalifikowano do tej samej grupy strategicznej co huby w Pradze i Warszawie. Wyodrębniono również dość spójną grupę 6 największych polskich regionalnych portów lotniczych oraz grupę dużych drugorzędnych hubów zagranicznych, których charakterystyka ma pewne cechy portów regionalnych. Ostatnia wyodrębniona grupa to najmniejsze polskie porty lotnicze, których znaczenie dla rynku jest znikome. Wnioski: Rozwój berlińskiego hubu będzie w większym stopniu zagrażać penetracji rynku Zachodniej Polski przez warszawskie lotnisko Chopina, niż samej działalności polskich portów regionalnych. Te ostatnie wraz z rozwojem szybkich połączeń intermodalnych będą musiały coraz aktywniej szukać swoich rynkowych nisz. Potencjalne zagrożenie konkurencyjne dla lotniska we Wrocławiu może z kolei być w przyszłości coraz większym udziałem mniejszych portów niemieckich, takich jak Lipsk i Drezno oraz ich czeskich odpowiedników. W razie zniesienia restrykcyjnej polityki wizowej między Polską i Rosją podobne zjawisko mogłoby również wystąpić między lotniskami w Gdańsku i Kaliningradzie.
2
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Ochrona wód zlewni Bugu – poprawa czystości rzeki międzynarodowym wyzwaniem

99%
Lis E.
Kontrola Państwowa
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2016
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vol. 61
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issue 4 (369)
65-74
EN
Ten years ago, the audit was conducted entitled “Protection of the River Bug Catchment Area in the Years 2003-2006”. Apart from NIK, the audit was conducted by the Supreme Audit Institutions of Ukraine and Belarus. In 2015, the follow-up coordinated audit was carried out entitled “Protection of the River Bug Catchment Area against Pollution”. The audit was conducted on the initiative of the President of the Chamber of Accounts of Ukraine. The audit examined the implementation of the audit conclusions of 2006 aimed at achieving good quality of the waters of the River Bug catchment area, which means the compliance with the Water Framework Directive.
3
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The effect of county border on the catchment area of towns on the example of Hajdú-Bihar County – methodology and practice

99%
Bujdosó Z., Dávid L., Uakhitova G.
Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
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2013
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vol. 22
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issue 22
21-33
EN
Towns constitute 9% of the settlements of Hungary and represent 68% of the population. This value roughly corresponds to the European Union average. Their number, however, considerably grew in the past decade. While in 1980 there were 96 settlements with town status in 1990 there were already 177 and at present there are 324, which is more over three times more than in 1980. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in their size and scope of activities. Several researches have been conducted concerning the urban fields of many settlements and larger territorial units in Hungary but there no comprehensive map of the urban fields has been prepared yet. Inter-settlement relations started to play a more and more important role in the economic life of the country. The paper focuses on the study of the urban fields of the towns situated along the borders of Hajdú- Bihar county pointing out those functions whose attractions remain within the administrative border and those which cross it. The studied area are the towns along the county border. A special methodology was used which could be used for other regions and towns in other countries.
4
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Malé venkovské školy na trhu se základním vzděláváním: Jejich působnost a marketing na příkladu Turnovska

85%
Kučerová S. R., Bláha J. D., Pavlasová Z.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 4
607-636
EN
The article deals with selected issues relating to the provision and accessibility of primary education in rural, non-exposed areas. These issues are examined from the viewpoint that various conditions force even public education to be guided by certain principles of the free market (e.g. competing for clients), although its actions in this respect are simultaneously rather constrained. The article sets out to analyse the primary education market in a model region Turnov (situated in Czechia) in relation to the type of catchment area. It discusses the pitfalls of public school marketisation, and it analyses the spatial distribution of schools in the model region and the schools’ jurisdictions based on the different types of catchment areas, which are defined and created in the form of cartographic visualisation. The article also examines four municipalities with small rural school as case studies selected on the basis of representing different types of catchment area. The authors discuss the findings of in-depth interviews that were conducted with headmasters, school operators, and some parents in the four municipalities in order to identify the strategies that schools can use to strengthen their position in the primary education market. The authors find that not only do schools’ marketing strategies vary little depending on their geographical location but the majority of schools in the case study have not formulated a unique and systematic vision and mission for their school. The principal features of all the schools studied are their self-identification in opposition to the culture of urban schools.
5
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Possibilities of balancing of anthropogenic changes of relief and water conditions in the Tatra Mountains

85%
Radziewicz T., Mikulska M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2006
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vol. 12
125-130
EN
During its entire utilisation history - lasting several hundred years - the area of the Tatra Mountains underwent multidirectional anthropopressure. As the result, all components of their natural environment have been transformed, including relief and water conditions.The analysis of the literature on this topie conducted by the author, as well as his observations performed in the area, confirmed the assumption that transformations caused by human actions developed with varying intensity and admitted various forms depending on the area of action and the magnitude of means applied. The transformation scalę presented here estimates the influence of anthropopressure on the stability of the catchment area systems of larger Tatra streams, partial catchment areas of their confluents and selected slope surfaces. In systems, where the limits of persistence were not exceeded, stability was ensured by natural processes compensating for the conseąuences of anthropopressure. In systems where stability was disturbed, planned preventive measures are necessary.
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