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1
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Censorship as a Taboo during Political “Thaw”

100%
Woźniak-Łabieniec M., University of Lodz F. o. P., marzenaw@uni.lodz.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
During political “thaw”, in years 1955−1956 in the People’s Republic of Poland, it write in newspapers about themes banned earlier. One of such many theme formerly banned was censorship (Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows). Journalists wrote about books banned by censorship, prohibited publications and black-listed writers, whose books had removed from libraries and destroyed. Situation is changed in 1958 – it is not allowed to write again about existence and activity of censorship
2
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Out of Date. Remarks on the 1951 “Index of Books to be Immediately Excluded”

100%
Dąbrowicz E., University of Bialystok F. o. P., e.dabro@wp.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
This article seeks to identify some of the uses of „the index of books to be immediately excluded” issued by the Ministry of Culture and Arts in 1951. At that time, decrees of the sort specified inventories of books permitted to be included on the shelves of Polish. In the process, many books were to be removed for good both from libraries and from native heritage. Addition­ally, the procedure of “purification”, as it was called by the officials, bore significant similarities to the repressive practices of the German and Russian occupants used during WWII. The author argues that analogies were drawn wittingly or impulsively at least for the effectiveness of German and Russian inventions. The 1951 list of books forbidden for the Polish common reader offers their obsolete character as the reason for exclusion. Up to date did not mean “contemporary” but up to the demands of state authorities. Administrative pressure to reflect the political agenda converted books into somewhat fatter newspapers and in this way seriously damaged book, which had always been the important vehicle of national and cultural memory.
3
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Literary Competitions Organised by the Ministry of Culture and Arts in 1949–1950 in the Light of Archive Records

100%
Budrowska K., Univesity of Białystok F. o. P., kamilabudrowska@interia.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
The subject of this paper are these literary competitions organized by Ministry of Culture and Arts in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Analysys of the materials from archivesenabled to tackle the issues: these competitions are one of the many aspect of stalinism offensive. Competitions encouraged writers for moving problems of socialist realism, they enforced artists for submission in accordance with Government of country.In article characterized six competitions. Most curious was “Third competition on mass song”, in which took part important writer Tadeusz Różewicz.
4
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“There Aren’t any Dwarfs; They got out in Time”. Censored Image of the Home Army in Polish Poetry in 1956–1958

100%
Kloc A., Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin I. o. H., agnieszka_kloc@wp.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
The paper focuses on censorship board’s approach to the subject of Home Army in Polish poetry from the period 1956−1958 of the liberalization of culture. The basic purpose of the research is focused on the identification of censorship reference to the image created by the authors. Moreover, it attempts to specify – on the basis of examples – the kind of content that was accepted, rejected or amended. Juxtaposition of the sensor’s reviews, “preventive inspection reports” and the content published works allows for the examination of the depth of the censor’s intervention and their methods of manipulating historical facts concerning the Hole Army. Research of the relationship censor-author allows for analyze “Aesop’s language” strategy. The whole of paper is based on a historical context and related phenomena, including the amnesty and so-called the “rehabilitation”.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Out of Date. Remarks on the 1951 “Index of Books to be Immediately Excluded”

100%
Dąbrowicz E.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
57-72
EN
This article seeks to identify some of the uses of „the index of books to be immediately excluded” issued by the Ministry of Culture and Arts in 1951. At that time, decrees of the sort specified inventories of books permitted to be included on the shelves of Polish. In the process, many books were to be removed for good both from libraries and from native heritage. Addition­ally, the procedure of “purification”, as it was called by the officials, bore significant similarities to the repressive practices of the German and Russian occupants used during WWII. The author argues that analogies were drawn wittingly or impulsively at least for the effectiveness of German and Russian inventions. The 1951 list of books forbidden for the Polish common reader offers their obsolete character as the reason for exclusion. Up to date did not mean “contemporary” but up to the demands of state authorities. Administrative pressure to reflect the political agenda converted books into somewhat fatter newspapers and in this way seriously damaged book, which had always been the important vehicle of national and cultural memory.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Literary Competitions Organised by the Ministry of Culture and Arts in 1949–1950 in the Light of Archive Records

100%
Budrowska K.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
19-31
EN
The subject of this paper are these literary competitions organized by Ministry of Culture and Arts in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Analysys of the materials from archivesenabled to tackle the issues: these competitions are one of the many aspect of stalinism offensive. Competitions encouraged writers for moving problems of socialist realism, they enforced artists for submission in accordance with Government of country.In article characterized six competitions. Most curious was “Third competition on mass song”, in which took part important writer Tadeusz Różewicz.
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Censorship as a Taboo during Political “Thaw”

100%
Woźniak-Łabieniec M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
111-119
EN
During political “thaw”, in years 1955−1956 in the People’s Republic of Poland, it write in newspapers about themes banned earlier. One of such many theme formerly banned was censorship (Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows). Journalists wrote about books banned by censorship, prohibited publications and black-listed writers, whose books had removed from libraries and destroyed. Situation is changed in 1958 – it is not allowed to write again about existence and activity of censorship
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

“There Aren’t any Dwarfs; They got out in Time”. Censored Image of the Home Army in Polish Poetry in 1956–1958

100%
Kloc A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
121-138
EN
The paper focuses on censorship board’s approach to the subject of Home Army in Polish poetry from the period 1956−1958 of the liberalization of culture. The basic purpose of the research is focused on the identification of censorship reference to the image created by the authors. Moreover, it attempts to specify – on the basis of examples – the kind of content that was accepted, rejected or amended. Juxtaposition of the sensor’s reviews, “preventive inspection reports” and the content published works allows for the examination of the depth of the censor’s intervention and their methods of manipulating historical facts concerning the Hole Army. Research of the relationship censor-author allows for analyze “Aesop’s language” strategy. The whole of paper is based on a historical context and related phenomena, including the amnesty and so-called the “rehabilitation”.
9
Content available remote

Lista sztuk wycofanych. Lista sztuk niezaleconych do wystawienia

88%
Kościewicz K.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
issue 1-2(265-266)
163-203
EN
The sources presented in this issue of Pamiętnik Teatralny provide a look behind the scenes at the censoring of amateur theatre movement at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s. One of the most effective ways of curbing the spontaneous and vigorous phenomenon was to ban the plays that the state apparatus deemed politically dangerous. The “List of Plays Banned” and the “List of Plays Not Recommended for the Stage” are stark examples of how the procedure was implemented. The list of plays banned distinguishes between anonymous plays and plays by named authors and contains 711 and 135 items respectively. The list of plays not recommended for staging has 51 entries. This amounts to 897 titles in total. The source documents are undated and devoid of any descriptive notes. Based on other archival materials, however, it may be concluded that both lists were put together in the second half of the 1950s as a result of work of two state institutions tasked with censoring the theatre in the People’s Republic of Poland, namely the Główny Urząd Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk (Central Office for Control of the Press, Publications and Public Performances) and the Ministry of Culture and Art. The plays entered on the lists represent different genres, including operettas, vaudevilles, farces, vignettes, dramas of manners, historical dramas, folk dramas, etc. They are original pieces as well as adaptations, both Polish and foreign. Short forms prevail. Most of the texts banned by the censors are not highly artistic creations; they are popular pieces, published at the turn of the 20th century and in the inter-war period in such series as Teatr dla wszystkich or Naród sobie. They were also published in the first years following the Second World War as part of the Biblioteka Teatrów Amatorskich series.
10
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Censorship Towards Czesław Miłosz in Poland in the Fifties after Having Chosen the Emigration

88%
Woźniak-Łabieniec M., University of Lodz F. o. P., marzenaw@uni.lodz.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
This article shows the outline of problems connected with censoring Czesław Miłosz’s literary output in Poland in the 1950s, when the poet breaks off with the national government and chooses political asylum in France, becoming an émigré. The article looks into (in the space of decade) the periods of particularly tightened control towards Miłosz, shows how the censorship was tightening and relaxing when it came to his name. In the Polish October several poems and an excerpt from the novel The Seizure of Power was published, though – despite publishing advertisements – none of the poet’s books came out.
11
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The Issa Valley in Censorship Documents. On the Thaw Reception of Czesław Miłosz’s Novel

88%
Woźniak-Łabieniec M., University of Łódź F. o. P., marzenaw@uni.lodz.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
Czesław Miłosz’s The Issa Valley [Dolina Issy] was published in the Paris Literary Institute in 1955 and soon after started paving its way to readers in the author’s native country, in spite of the censorship. This article traces back the novel’s reception in the so-called Thaw (post-Stalin) period (1955–1957) in the light of official domestic publications and the documents of the Censorship Office. Those years saw publication of several argumentative and favourable essays on the novel (by e.g. I. Sławińska, J. Błoński, J. Zawieyski). The censors banned just one extensive discussion text on The Issa Valley, by Jarosław-Marek Rymkiewicz, and this owing to where it was published. A ban on publishing the poet’s works in a nonserial form was maintained. In that transitional period, new directives were coming from the communist-party headquarters, and the censors would often consult the heads of departments they reported to, or the Central Censorship Office directly. The situation grew severer by 1958, with the poet’s name being consistently removed from most publications.
12
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The Issa Valley in Censorship Documents. On the Thaw Reception of Czesław Miłosz’s Novel

88%
Woźniak-Łabieniec M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
163-181
EN
Czesław Miłosz’s The Issa Valley [Dolina Issy] was published in the Paris Literary Institute in 1955 and soon after started paving its way to readers in the author’s native country, in spite of the censorship. This article traces back the novel’s reception in the so-called Thaw (post-Stalin) period (1955–1957) in the light of official domestic publications and the documents of the Censorship Office. Those years saw publication of several argumentative and favourable essays on the novel (by e.g. I. Sławińska, J. Błoński, J. Zawieyski). The censors banned just one extensive discussion text on The Issa Valley, by Jarosław-Marek Rymkiewicz, and this owing to where it was published. A ban on publishing the poet’s works in a nonserial form was maintained. In that transitional period, new directives were coming from the communist-party headquarters, and the censors would often consult the heads of departments they reported to, or the Central Censorship Office directly. The situation grew severer by 1958, with the poet’s name being consistently removed from most publications.
13
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Censorship Towards Czesław Miłosz in Poland in the Fifties after Having Chosen the Emigration

88%
Woźniak-Łabieniec M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
95-109
EN
This article shows the outline of problems connected with censoring Czesław Miłosz’s literary output in Poland in the 1950s, when the poet breaks off with the national government and chooses political asylum in France, becoming an émigré. The article looks into (in the space of decade) the periods of particularly tightened control towards Miłosz, shows how the censorship was tightening and relaxing when it came to his name. In the Polish October several poems and an excerpt from the novel The Seizure of Power was published, though – despite publishing advertisements – none of the poet’s books came out.
14
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Errata to the Stanisław Czernik’s Biography: 1949

75%
Gardocki W., University of Bialystok F. o. P., wiktorgardocki@o2.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
The subject of this paper is the writing activity of Stanisław Czernik in 1949. Czernik was an esteemed writer but concurrently he worked as censor in The Ministry of Culture and Art. He reviewed novels of many writers in the same department of Ministry where his novels were reviewed too. This paper discusses a number reviews wrote by Czernik and some reviews of Czernik’ books wrote by another censors of The Ministry.
15
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Censorship in the PSL Press within the Period of the 1946 Referendum and the Legislative Sejm Election

75%
Swacha P., Warsaw University of Life Sciences F. o. S., piotr_swacha@sggw.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
EN
The main goal of the article is to analyse censorship interventions made in articles raising the topics of the referendum and the election to the Legislative Sejm which were prepared for print in the periodicals of the Polish People’s Party. The material developed by the Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows in Warsaw and by its regional divisions constituted its basic source of information. I conducted a quantitative analysis of the interventions using a sample of the reports of the censorship institution regarding the “Polska Ludowa” periodical. I have also discussed the content removed from print. Within the studied area, censorship most often prevented the PSL periodicals from publishing information regarding the repressions of the PSL’s activists, informing about the organisation of both events and suggesting the fact of forging votes.
16
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Errata to the Stanisław Czernik’s Biography: 1949

75%
Gardocki W.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
33-44
EN
The subject of this paper is the writing activity of Stanisław Czernik in 1949. Czernik was an esteemed writer but concurrently he worked as censor in The Ministry of Culture and Art. He reviewed novels of many writers in the same department of Ministry where his novels were reviewed too. This paper discusses a number reviews wrote by Czernik and some reviews of Czernik’ books wrote by another censors of The Ministry.
17
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Censorship in the PSL Press within the Period of the 1946 Referendum and the Legislative Sejm Election

75%
Swacha P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 7
5-17
EN
The main goal of the article is to analyse censorship interventions made in articles raising the topics of the referendum and the election to the Legislative Sejm which were prepared for print in the periodicals of the Polish People’s Party. The material developed by the Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows in Warsaw and by its regional divisions constituted its basic source of information. I conducted a quantitative analysis of the interventions using a sample of the reports of the censorship institution regarding the “Polska Ludowa” periodical. I have also discussed the content removed from print. Within the studied area, censorship most often prevented the PSL periodicals from publishing information regarding the repressions of the PSL’s activists, informing about the organisation of both events and suggesting the fact of forging votes.
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