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Vox Patrum
|
2012
|
vol. 57
359-378
EN
The term „cento” comes from the Latin cento, which means „a cloak made of patches,” „patchwork,” as the Greek does. Poems of Homer and Vergil were favorite sources for the ancient cento poets, who rearranged their frag­ments into totally different stories. The oldest preserved Latin cento is the tragedy „Medea” composed by Hosidius Geta from the fragments of Vergilian poetry circa 200 AD. We know, however, about other centos having been written before that date. Altogether, sixteen Virgilian and one Ovidian cento have been preserved. Thirteen of them, including the earliest and the latest of all extant Latin centos, are contained in the Codex called Salmasianus. Since the terminus ante quem for this manuscript is 534 AD, we assume that all preserved centos have been written between 200 AD, the broadly acknowledge date for Medea, and 534 AD. Ancient Virgilian centos mainly deal with well-known classical myths (8 of 13). Four of them have Christian themes, two treat trivial matters of everyday life, two are wedding-poems. The involvement of Decimus Ausonius Magnus (ca 310-394), a renowned teacher, rhetorician and poet, with the cento is not limited to being the author of a Virgilian cento, which he composed as a response to a similar poem by the Emperor Valentinian I (321-375). Ausonius is the only ancient author we know to have described cento in more detail and to have laid down the rules of the genre. In the introductory letter to the Cento nuptialis, addressed to his friend Axius Paulus, Ausonius maintains that verses of an original text, taken over to the cento, may be divided at any of the caesurae which occur in hexameter. No section longer than one line and a half should be taken over. The quotation may not be changed, although its meaning may change according to the new context. Ausonius compares activity of the cento poets to playing the game of stomachion. Doing so he emphasizes unity within cento and its playfulness as the particularly important traits of the genre. Ancient authors usually followed the technical rules put forth by Ausonius, although not all of them would have agreed with him about the similarity between writing a cento and playing a game. While some twentieth century scholars had treated cento with undeserved contempt, the research of the last decades has given it its honour back. Centos still require our attention, especially that, through their analysis, we may try to obtain a more faithful portrait of the well educated ancient reader. This reader knew his Virgil by heart, worshipped Virgil as the divinely inspired prince of Latin poetry, and preferred Virgil’s words to his own when he ventured to describe his world.
EN
Some elements of the game The Witcher 3 show very clearly that developers, in order to achieve a significant effect of gameplay, adopt the tools and forms of expression of other media — such as plot stereotypes, films or complex dialogues — and fill their designed world with quotations and motifs from traditional (not only Polish) texts of culture. “Sewn together” with digital technology, this “cento” becomes a commentary on the postmodern dimension of contemporary pop culture, and includes a warning against degradation of elementary norms and values essential for the functioning of societies.
EN
This article presents the Christology of the cento De Verbi Incarnatione. Its main aim is to present the way in which the cento’s author makes use of fragments of Virgil’s works to create Christian theology in his poem. Does he only use the letters, or does he also use the context that appears on the pages of the Aeneid, Eclogues, and Georgics? In order to find similarities and differences between De Verbi Incarnatione and Virgil’s poems, the following four fragments that present Biblical Christology have been subject to analysis: Luke 2 : 7, Genesis 3 : 6, John 10 : 30, and John 14 : 6.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje chrystologię centonu De Verbi Incarnatione. Jego głównym celem jest ukazanie sposobu, w jaki centonista wykorzystuje fragmenty dzieł Wergiliusza do stworzenia chrześcijańskiej teologii w swoim poemacie. Czy używa tylko liter, a może korzysta również z kontekstu, który pojawia się na kartach Eneidy, Bukolik i Georgik. W poszukiwaniu podobieństw i różnic pomiędzy De Verbi Incarnatione a poematami Wergiliusza zostaną przeanalizowane cztery fragmenty, które prezentują biblijną chrystologię – Łk 2, 7, Rdz 3, 6, J 10, 30, J 14, 6.
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Vox Patrum
|
2020
|
vol. 75
431-452
EN
Cento "De ecclesia" is one of four Christian centos which were compiled from Virgil’s work. This article examines the cento from the formal and the theological perspective. The first part discusses the authorship and structural issues. The second part demonstrates the theological diversity of the cento, which is full of Christological, soteriological, ecclesiological and eschatological questions. The use of the philological method and analysis of selected parts allowed us to establish how the author of the cento created his poem. He was inspired by the letter, context and characters appearing in Virgil’s works.
PL
Centon De ecclesia jest jednym z czterech chrześcijańskich centonów, które powstały na podstawie dzieł Wergiliusza. Artykuł przedstawia analizę centonu z perspektywy formalnej i teologicznej. W pierwszej części omówione zostały zagadnienia dotyczące autorstwa utworu jak i samej jego struktury. Druga część prezentuje natomiast bogactwo teologiczne centonu, który obfituje w zagadnienia z zakresu chrystologii, soteriologii, eklezjologii i eschatologii. Wykorzystanie metody filologicznej i dokładna analiza poszczególnych fragmentów pozwalają również na określenie sposobu pracy centonisty, który nie jest jednorodny. Autor inspiruje się literą, kontekstem i postaciami, które pojawiają się w utworach Wergiliusza. W aneksie zostało umieszczone polskie tłumaczenie poematu.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje kwestie protologiczno-eschatologiczne w chrześcijańskim centonie De Verbi Incarnatione. Głównym jego celem jest ukazanie w jaki sposób centonista wykorzystał słowa Wergiliusza, ażeby stworzyć chrześcijańską teologię w swoim utworze. Czy użył tylko liter? Czy wykorzystał również kontekst z Eneidy, Bukolik i Georgik? W poszukiwaniu podobieństw i różnic pomiędzy De Verbi Incarnatione i poematami Wergiliusza przeanalizowane zostały kwestie z zakresu nauki o początku i czasach ostatecznych: stworzenie i rządy nad światem, istnienie szatana, zaistnienie grzechu, jego skutki oraz eschatologia w ogólności. Centonista w swojej pracy wykorzystuje głównie warstwę leksykalną utworów Wergiliusza, w większości przypadków nie przejmując ich kontekstu. W centonie dostrzec można pewne podobieństwa między postaciami utworu chrześcijańskiego a tymi, które występują w twórczości najważniejszego poety epoki augustowskiej.
EN
The article shows Christian protology and eschatology issues in the Cento De Verbi Incarnatione. The main goal is to show how the centoner used Virgil’s words to create Christian theology in his poem. Did he only use letters or maybe also the context from the Aeneid, Bucolics and Georgics? In searching for similarities and differences between De Verbi Incarnatione and Virgil’s poems, we analyzed a few parts on teachings about the creation and the end of the world, the existence of Satan, sin entering the world, the results of sin and eschatology in general. The centoner in his work mainly uses the lexical level of Virgil’s works, though in most cases, he does not include their context. In the Cento, we can find many similarities between Christian figures in various works and the characters that appear in the works of greatest poet of the Augustian age.
Vox Patrum
|
2013
|
vol. 60
191-207
EN
Isidore of Seville (560-636) is rightly considered to be one of the most im­portant teachers of the medieval Europe. He wrote numerous didactic works on catholic doctrine, biblical exegesis, history, grammar, natural sciences etc. Isidore was neither a scientist nor an independent thinker, but indeed he was a genius of compilation. He spent his youth in the famous library of the bishops of Seville, where he stored knowledge by studying Holy Scriptures and works of classic and Christian authors. This library was destroyed, but we could strive to recreate its catalogue reading the books written by Isidore. In his Versus in bibliotheca Isidore tells us about authors he knew. We find among them Christian poets – Prudentius, Iuvencus, Sedulius, Avitus Viennensis. In Etymologiae Isidore presents to the reader Dracontius, and in De viris illustribus he admires talents of the centonist Proba. Isidore’s knowledge of Christian epics and the high regard he had for them tell us a lot not only about literary tastes of the well-educated bishop, but about the culture of reading of inhabitants of Visigothic Spain in the seventh century as well.
The Biblical Annals
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2021
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vol. 11
|
issue 1
5-23
EN
Each biblical book reveals its theological message in a very diverse literary way. The analyzed verse of 1 Macc 14:5, similarly to the other verses of the book, was written in the form of a cento, a well-known literary genre used in antiquity. This cento combines expressions in the verses of the earlier Old Testament books and builds its own theological message. Thus an intertextual allusion is built upon the complete textual con­formity of the verses from 1 Macc and the cited expressions. The literary context is cru­cial for the choice of the allusion. This context influences the carrying theological capacity of the verses and what they bring in the construction of a new message. The allusions reveal the actual meaning of the described events in a theological context. The revelation of the hagiographer’s intention enables the reader to accurately evaluate the conduct of particular characters, in this case Simon Maccabaeus, the high priest of Jews in the times of the Maccabean revolt.  
PL
Każda z ksiąg biblijnych odsłania swe orędzie teologiczne w bardzo zróżnicowany sposób literacki. W analizowanym wersecie 1 Mch 14,5 – jak i wszystkich pozostałych w księdze – zastosowany został centon, znany i praktykowany w starożytności gatunek literacki. Łączy w sobie poszczególne sformułowania wersetów wcześniejszych ksiąg starotestamentowych budując własne przesłanie teologiczne. W ten sposób powstaje aluzja intertekstualna, której fundamentem jest całkowita zgodność treściowa wersetów 1 Mch z przywoływanymi zwrotami. Zasadnicze znaczenie posiada literacki kontekst decydujący o doborze aluzji. On bowiem wpływa na teologiczną nośność samych wersetów i to, co proponują one ze swej treści dla skonstruowania nowego orędzia. Aluzje odsłaniają rzeczywisty sens opisywanych wydarzeń w kontekście teologicznym. Odkrycie właściwej intencji hagiografa pozwala czytelnikowi poprawnie ocenić postępowanie poszczególnych bohaterów, w tym przypadku Szymona Machabeusza, arcykapłana Żydów z okresu powstania machabejskiego.
EN
The article presents two scenarios that use a document shared in Google Drive to be used in a Polish language lesson. The first encourages high school students to create poetic pieces modeled on Jaroslaw Lipszyc’s Mnemotechniki, that is cento. The second one suggests analyzing and interpreting Adam Naruszewicz’s Balon in the context of a ship – the homeland’s motif, which is done to a large extent by the students themselves.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje dwa scenariusze wykorzystujące w pracy na lekcji języka polskiego dokument udostępniony na Dysku Google. Pierwszy zachęca młodzież licealną do tworzenia utworów poetyckich wzorowanych na Mnemotechnikach Jarosława Lipszyca, tzw. centonach. Drugi – proponuje w dużej mierze przeprowadzoną samodzielnie przez uczniów analizę i interpretację ody Adama Naruszewicza Balon w kontekście motywu okrętu – ojczyzny.
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