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EN
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of parents of children with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods: The study included 40 parents of children with cerebral palsy treated at the Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation of the Medical University of Bialystok. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used as a research tool; it enables obtaining a quality of life profile in four domains: physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. The severity of a child's movement disorders was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Results: In the studied group of parents of children with cerebral palsy, more than half described their quality of life as good and was pleased with their health. The largest differences occurred in parents of children with cerebral palsy in the environment domain, p=0.0068, and the psychological domain, p=0.010. Quality of life in all four domains was assessed as lower in parents of children with cerebral palsy compared with parents of healthy children. Only in the evaluation of health care facilities parents of children with cerebral palsy assessed them better than parents of healthy children. Conclusion: Parents of children with cerebral palsy describe their quality of life as good and are satisfied with their health.
EN
Introduction: Nearly half of the patients with cere-bral palsy (CP) may face frequent ophthalmological problems including strabismus, refractive errors and abnormal intraocular pressure. Purpose: In this study we aimed to investigate the relativeness between intraocular pressure and neurological pathologies in patients with selected types of CP. Material and methods: The subject of the analysis was to show intraocular pressure in patients within two groups of CP: diplegia spastica and tetraparesis, with nervous system pathologies taken into account. Analysis consisted of 103 patients (66 boys, 64%) between 2-18 years old (mean age 9.7±3.87). 44 patients (42%) had diplegia spastica, while 59 patients had (58%) tetraparesis. During the diagnostics process the checking of intraocular pressure was carried out with a non-contact tonometer. The data were evaluated with correlation, Chi Square and Fishers’ Extract Test. The border value of significant statistical level was accepted p=0.05. Results: In the statistical analysis of the study was proven some correlations between intraocular pressure and type of CP, type of delivery, term of birth, and possibility of walking of patients with CP. Conclusions: The study affirmed that results of tonometry above the norm were more common in patients with tetraparesis than with diplegia spastica, mainly in non-walking patients. Abnormal intraocular pressure, both hypo and hypertony were diagnosed as being more common in children born naturally, from a full term pregnancy.
EN
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent neurological disorder associated with perinatal injury of the developing brain. The beneficial impact of stem cells (neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells) is mediated through soluble trophic factors and other cytokines that enable the body to re-establish homeostasis after pathologic and traumatic insults, inflammation, and tissue infarction or degeneration. There is currently no effective therapy for CP. Recently there have been notable advances in the application of cell therapy in neurological disorders. This review provides recent data on the prevention and cell therapy in CP.
EN
In the article the author presents complex theoretical information related to the use of information and communication technologies in the learning process of students with cerebral palsy. The bulk of the text is a study of mixed character, consisting of several partial sections. The scope of the study includes the description and analysis of the current state, and identified determinants of the use of technology in the educational process in the target group of students. The author also gives the analysis and the facts of the real application of modern technologies in the selected schools from the point of view of pupils with cerebral palsy and their teachers. Partial part of the CaseStudy research are also aimed at the learning process, equipment and amenities in selected schools, in which students with cerebral palsy are taught with the help of digital technology. As a sample of the study were the teachers of basic schools, basic schools for pupils with disabilities and special classes for students with disabilities, teaching individuals with cerebral palsy within the Slovak Republic. A database of these schools we received from the Center for scientific and technical information of the Slovak Republic. Because the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in statistical information is not reflected, we had initially come from the information about the education of students with disabilities, and on this basis to choose a specific part of the teachers who come into contact with the target group in the educational process. It is stressed that the widespread use of computer technology helps students with disabilities not only in communication with the outside world in general, but also to strengthen confidence and self-esteem. Modern computer technology develop abilities of the individuals with disabilities in the social field and in the field of mobility (in relation to the surrounding world) and, of course, in the field of education. Computers, which, among other things, must meet the conditions of accessibility to the physical characteristics of individuals with disabilities, equipped with special programs and procedures, help students with disabilities to expand the scope of education in different spheres of life.
EN
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the blood. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of CSF-receptor (G-CSFR) system in the brain and spinal cord, and their roles in neuroprotection and neural tissue repair, as well as improvement in functional recovery. G-CSF exerts neuroprotective actions through the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, and the stimulation of neurogenesis. This review highlights recent studies on the potential use of G-CSF in cerebral palsy.
EN
Thesis. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous system in the early stages of its development. The aim of the rehabilitation of persons with CP is to make their dependence on the assistance of others as little as possible and to improve their quality of life, as well as the quality of life of their families. New methods are developed in which new technologies are employed and a holistic approach to the patient, requiring the cooperation of specialists in various fields, is assumed.             The most commonly used methods of working with children with cerebral palsy include the NDT-Bobath method and the Vojta method. Apart from them unconventional methods are also employed, including hippotherapy, virtual reality, the sensory integration method, the conductive education method, and the space suit method. Aim of the paper. The aim of the paper is to present the methods employed in increasing the agility of children with cerebral palsy. Focus has been placed on traditional and commonly used methods, as well as the unconventional methods which are currently undergoing evaluation. Results. Thanks to diversifying rehabilitation with new methods and enriching it with the experience of specialists in areas outside medicine patients with cerebral palsy are able to fully benefit from their own potential. Quality of life is improved, independence is increased, and new opportunities are discovered. Some of the newest methods may serve to supplement traditional therapies, others can substitute for them in the future. What is crucial is to focus not only on heightening the physical agility of the patients, but also to make the course of the therapy more attractive, and to work on improving the patients’ functioning in other areas of life, as well, such as social contacts or hobbies.
EN
neuroinflammation and apoptosis in brains affected by cerebral palsy could be therapeutic targets. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptosis effects and stimulates the proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells in the brain. Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of G-CSF treatment in children and adolescents with CP. Materials and methods: Six patients with spastic tetraplegia CP aged 3-15 years were enrolled in this study. Five patients had GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) level at V, three children had epilepsy, and three had severe mental retardation. We used the gross motor function measure-66 (GMFM-66) to assess motor function.GCSF (5μg/kg/body/day) was administered subcutaneously for five consecutive days during the four months. The parents also evaluated the physical and mental development of their children. Results: We observed improvement in motor function in patients with CP on the GMFM-66 scale. Parents reported improvement in behavior, speech development, and a decrease in spasticity in children with CP. G-CSF therapy was well-tolerated. No side effects were observed during the study. Conclusions: Our preliminary report suggests that G-CSF treatment improves motor and mental function in patients with CP. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations
EN
One of the most frequent symptoms of infantile cerebral palsy syndrome is eating and drinking difficulties. The functions of eating and drinking are complex processes which, apart from the correct motor functioning of the orofacial area, also require synchronization with breathing, postural stability, including controlling of the head, and a number of other motor skills. Because of cerebral palsy, the functioning of the patient in all these areas may be disturbed, which manifests itself in eating and drinking difficulties, influencing the nutritional status and thereby the patient’s somatic and psychological condition. The goal of the study is to present the tool for the assessment of eating and drinking function in cerebral palsy patients, complementary to the systems serving to assess gross motor functions (GMFCS), manual abilities (MACS) and communication (CFCS), which is a significant element in the multi-diagnosis of disorders in the cerebral palsy syndrome, necessary for speech therapy treatment.
PL
Cerebral palsy is a set of symptoms caused by the damage of the central nervous system during its development. People affected by cerebral palsy require care from a multidisciplinary team of therapists. The positive impact of the people close to a patient plays a crucial role. Since playing board games is a popular leisure activity, this article aims at encouraging people to engage a disabled person in this form of entertainment. The conclusions are based on the observations made by the author, who has worked with people affected by cerebral palsy for several years.
EN
Introduction. Impaired motor control in children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) frequently leads to mobility limitations. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of hippotherapy on maintaining postural balance and gait in children with ICP. Material and methods. A total of thirty children with spastic diplegia, aged 8-13 years, participated in the study. All children took part in a two-week hippotherapy program. The Tinetti and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to investigate the quality of their postural balance and gait. All tests were performed before and after therapeutic horseback riding. Results. After the two weeks of therapy, a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in balance maintenance and gait performance was observed in all children. Conclusion. 1. Hippotherapy sessions significantly improved the level of postural balance in children with ICP. 2. Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) positively affected the quality of gait and significantly decreased the risk of accidental falls in children who participated in the rehabilitation program.
EN
This article deals with the problem of determining the effectiveness of the Bobath’s method as the main correction of the psychophysical condition method of preschool age children with cerebral palsy. In a modern application of correction the measures are directed on the recovery of motor and psycho-emotional realms to the problem of choosing and applying the most effective techniques contribute to the normalization of motor activity of children with central nervous system involvement. Critical to the success of the correction of psychophysical children’s condition are adequate control over the effective use of the individual techniques in the course of application the Bobath’s method course. In the literature there is a wide variety of the tests to assess motor ability, however, they are difficult to use and functional. Therefore, the improvement of the existing tests and the introduction of new scales of assessment to improve the effectiveness correction of motor disorders are extremely urgent. This article deals with the problem of determining the effectiveness of the Bobath’s method as the main method correction psychomotor development. In the literature there is a wide variety of tests to assess motor abilities, however, they are difficult to use and functional. In our assessing the effectiveness of the remedial practice of the Bobath’s method with «Card-test the motor ability of children from 3 months to adulthood», which efficiently defines the stages of motor development of the child. Due to its universality, accessibility and informativeness of this test it has become possible to qualitatively assess of the stages of psychomotor development of children with cerebral palsy. The basis experiment was an evaluation of the formation of elementary motor skills at the beginning and the dynamics of handling them at the end of the course of Bobath’s therapy lessons with preschool children with cerebral palsy. At the end of the experiment it was determined that during the Bobath’s method course elementary motor skills in initial positions such as: lying on the back and abdomen, standing on all fours had significant improvement. It should be noted that the marked improvement is determined by mastery of the basic elementary motor skills, which testify the effectiveness of the method of Bobath in the correction of psychophysical prеschool age children with cerebral palsy.
EN
The article presents the research project “Suprasegmentals in Dysarthric Speech in Cases of Cerebral Palsy. Acoustic Analyses in Experimental Logopedic Studies on Polish-Speaking Children Aged 6 to 15 Years”. The objective of these planned studies is to describe and compare the acoustic parameters of suprasegmentals in the speech of dysarthric children with CP – in the experimental group (30 persons) and in the control group (30 children in whom no speech disorders and CP have been diagnosed). The analysis of the suprasegmental level of the phonetic sequence will include intonation, word and sentence stress, rhythm of utterances, rate of speech, length of phrases, and respiratory, phonatory and articulatory synchronization, nasal resonance, and voice quality. Statistical analyses of the results of acoustic experiments will also enable an evaluation of the relationships holding between selected suprasegmental phenomena in dysarthric speech. Moreover, we are planning to conduct studies with the participation of speech therapists as competent raters, whose task will be to conduct an auditory evaluation of particular phenomena manifesting themselves at the suprasegmental level of utterances of children with CP-related dysarthria, as well as an evaluation of the degree of intelligibility of their pronunciation. A comparison of the results of an acoustic analysis with the results of a perceptual analysis will make it possible to indicate the relationship between the individual suprasegmentals and between the realization of suprasegmentals and the intelligibility of CP-related dysarthric speech.
EN
The aim of our study was to examine the effect of swimming activities on the development of swimming skills in student with physical disability and to determine whether these activities also affect the student’s general motor development. The sample consisted of one student with physical disability in the third grade of primary school. The student was involved in a ten-hour swimming course, based on the Halliwick concept of swimming for children with special needs. Data about the student’s progress were obtained through structured observations at the beginning and at the end of the course, where the SWIM internationally standardized test was used. Results show that the student developed balance, coordination, power, precision, flexibility and was capable of independent 25-meter backstroke swimming at the end of the course. Results prove that swimming is a highly suitable activity for students with physical disability.
PL
Wstęp: Występowanie nieprawidłowych postaw rodzicielskich w stosunku do dziecka z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym zwiększa ryzyko niepowodzeń w prowadzonej rehabilitacji. Celem badania była ocena postaw matek w stosunku do dziecka z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym. Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto 65 matek wychowujących dziecko z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym. W badaniu wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Postaw Rodzicielskich wg M. Ziemskiej. Wyniki: Postawy matek dzieci z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym są zróżnicowane. Dominują postawy niepożądane dla skal górowanie i koncentracji (odpowiednio 61,5% oraz 55,4%), a dla skal bezradność oraz dystans pozytywne (odpowiednio 55,4% oraz 70,8%). Matki, których dzieci mają umiarkowany stopień niepełnosprawności i zaburzenia mowy mają wyższy wynik stenowy dla koncentracji (odpowiednio: średnia 5,17±1,88 i 5,33±1,85, mediana 5, zakres 1–9). Natomiast matki, których dzieci mają zaburzenie wzroku mają niższy wynik stenowy dla koncentracji jako postawy rodzicielskiej (średnia 3,92 ± 1,44, mediana 4, zakres 1–6). Wnioski: Postawy matek dzieci z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym są zróżnicowane i nie są zależne od stopnia niepełnosprawności i współtowarzyszących zaburzeń. Dominują postawy niepożądane dla skal górowanie i koncentracji, a pożądane dla skal bezradność oraz dystansu.
EN
Introduction: Abnormal parental attitudes towards a child with cerebral palsy increase the risk of setbacks in rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes of mothers in relation to a child with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods: The study involved 65 mothers bringing up a child with cerebral palsy. The questionnaire of parental attitudes by M. Ziemska was used in the study. Results: Among mothers of children with cerebral palsy, it was found that the mothers are more often characterized by inadequate parenting attitudes in the following scales: predominance and concentration (respectively 61.5 % and 55.4 %), whilst in the scale of helplessness and distance relatively more mothers are characterized by the right attitude (respectively 55.4 % and 70.8 %). Mothers whose children have a moderate degree of disability and speech disorders achieve a higher sten score for concentration (respectively: mean 5.17 ± 1.88 and 5.33 ± 1.85, median 5, range 1–9). Mothers whose children suffer from visual impairment achieve a lower sten score for concentration as parental attitude (mean 3.92 ± 1.44, median 4, range 1–6). Conclusions: Analysis of the research results proved that the attitude of mothers bringing up a child with cerebral palsy vary and are not dependent on the degree of disability of the child and concomitant disorders.
PL
Mózgowe porażenie dziecięce wielu osobom kojarzy się przede wszystkim z niepełnosprawnością, a zatem z odmiennością, innym życiem, innymi potrzebami. Jednak pomimo powszechnie panujących stereotypów osoby z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym często funkcjonują w swojej rzeczywistości, niczym nie odbiegając od osób pełnosprawnych. Tak samo czują, myślą, pragną miłości, uczucia, zrozumienia, a przede wszystkim akceptacji ze strony społeczeństwa. Często ludzie nie mają świadomości, jak niewiele można zrobić dla takiej osoby, aby czuła się szczęśliwa i potrzebna. Opracowanie stanowi opis życia codziennego osoby z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym, ukazując tym samym problemy spowodowane zarówno stanem psychofizycznym, jak i kontaktami społecznymi.
EN
Cerebral palsy is associated by many people primarily with disability and therefore with differences, other life, other needs. However, despite the prevailing stereotypes about people with cerebral palsy, they often function in their realities without departing from non-disabled people. Likewise, they feel, think and want love, affection and understanding, but above all, they want acceptance by society. Often, people are not aware how much can be done for so little to make such person feel happy and needed. The study is a description of the everyday life of a person with cerebral palsy, thus showing problems caused by both, the psychophysical state and social contacts.
EN
Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as „diverse and changing with age motion and posture disorder, coexisting with other symptoms, conditioned by permanent damage to the brain being in the stadium of unfinished development”. Owing to this, making a child more functional should include all spheres of life and this need was met by Andras Petö – the creator of Conductive Education System (CES). The specialists from different fields have an important role in the programme, but the greatest significance is ascribed to the role of parents of a child. Thus, shaping and developing the right relationship between a child and a parent is substantial. It is justified to analyse the attitudes exhibited by the parents of disabled children. What also deserves attention, is the difference beteween the attitudes towards sons and daughters with CP taking part in CES. The researched group is 28 parents of the children with CP who take part in CES in rehabilitation and therapy clinic in Zamość. The Parents Attitude Scale by Mieczysław Plopa has been used for verification of the parents' attitudes. The results of the research show that there are statistical differences between the parents of girls and the parents of boys in the subject of intensification of the excessively demanding attitude. The tendencies for statistically vaild differences have also been noticed, concerning intensification the attitude of acceptance.
PL
Mózgowe porażenie dziecięce, zgodnie z definicją wypracowaną w Lublanie w latach 1992-1994 przez Międzynarodową Komisję Neurologii Dziecięcej, jest traktowane jako „różnorodne, zmieniające się z wiekiem zaburzenia ruchu i postawy współistniejące z innymi objawami, uwarunkowane trwałym uszkodzeniem mózgu znajdującego się w stadium nie zakończonego rozwoju”. W związku z powyższym usprawnianie dzieci powinno obejmować wszystkie sfery życia, czemu wyszedł naprzeciw Andras Petö – twórca Systemu Nauczania Kierowanego. W programie ważną rolę pełnią specjaliści różnych dziedzin, jednak największe znaczenie przypisuje się rodzicom dziecka. Istotne jest zatem kształtowanie i rozwijanie właściwej więzi między dzieckiem a rodzicem. Słuszne wydaje się zatem przeanalizowanie postaw prezentowanych przez rodziców dzieci niepełnosprawnych. Na uwagę zasługują także różnice między postawami rodzicielskimi przejawianymi wobec córek i synów z MPD, uczestniczących w SNK. Grupę badaną stanowi 28 rodziców dzieci z MPD, które uczestniczą w SNK w Ośrodku Rehabilitacyjno-Terapeutycznym w Zamościu. Do weryfikacji postaw rodzicielskich wykorzystano Skalę Postaw Rodzicielskich autorstwa Mieczysława Plopy, opublikowaną w 2008 r. Wyniki badań wykazują, iż różnice statystyczne występują między rodzicami dziewcząt a rodzicami chłopców w zakresie nasilenia postawy nadmiernie wymagającej. Zauważono ponadto tendencje do różnic istotnych statystycznie między rodzicami tych dzieci pod względem nasilenia postawy akceptacji.
EN
In the article, the communicative competence of a 12 year old girl with cerebral palsy and mild intellectual disability was characterised. These developmental disorders exert a significant impact on child’s skills in the field of speech expression and perception. Moreover, they lead to speech disorders: oligophasia and dysarthria. The case study method was used to conduct the research. In the first part of this article the authors described two issues: cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. They indicated the causes, as well as the most common symptoms of these developmental disorders. In the next part the authors provided an extensive description of various diagnostic tests. They enabled the researchers to explore, among others, speech expression and perception, as well as phonematic hearing. The results of these different tests were thoroughly analysed. Consequently, it has been proved that the level of child’s linguistic and communication skills corresponds to the results achieved by children with similar deficits and disorders.
EN
Graphomotor skills are the object of research in the developmental aspect (in the normal and in diverse pathological cases, in the context of the child’s acquisition of basic school skills) and in the cases of their loss, e.g. in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the fact that writing disorders often accompany speech disorders, particularly those determined neurologically, the assessment of graphomotor skills as a sphere important for written communication (and thereby linguistic communication) should be an obligatory element of logopedic diagnosis. In the case of dysarthric patients and accompanying graphomotor disorders the analysis of specificity of these disorders (both the course of graphomotor activities and their products) may help diagnose clinical neuromotor symptoms, which in turn facilitates diagnosis of a clinical type of dysarthria.
PL
W zespole mózgowego porażenia dziecięcego (mpdz) jednym z częściej występujących objawów są trudności w przyjmowaniu pokarmów i napojów. Czynności jedzenia i picia to złożone procesy, które poza prawidłowym funkcjonowaniem motorycznym obszaru orofacjalnego wymagają również synchronizacji z oddychaniem, stabilności posturalnej, w tym kontroli głowy, oraz szeregu innych sprawności motorycznych. W wyniku mózgowego porażenia dziecięcego funkcjonowanie pacjenta we wszystkich tych obszarach może być zaburzone, co przejawia się trudnościami w jedzeniu i piciu, wpływając na stan odżywienia, a przez to na stan somatyczny i psychiczny pacjenta. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie narzędzia do oceny umiejętności jedzenia i picia u osób z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym, komplementarnego wobec systemów służących ocenie lokomocji (GMFCS), manipulacji (MACS) i komunikacji (CFCS), która jest istotnym elementem wielospecjalistycznej diagnozy zaburzeń w zespole dziecięcego porażenia mózgowego na potrzeby postępowania logopedycznego.
EN
One of the most frequent symptoms in infantile cerebral palsy syndrome is eating and drinking difficulties. The functions of eating and drinking are complex processes which, apart from the correct motor functioning of the orofacial area, also require synchronization with breathing, postural stability, including controlling of the head, and a number of other motor skills. Because of infantile cerebral palsy, the functioning of the patient in all these areas may be disturbed, which manifests itself in eating and drinking difficulties, influencing the state of nourishment and thereby the patient’s somatic and psychological condition. The goal of the study is to present the tool for the assessment of eating and drinking abilities in cerebral palsy patients, complementary to the systems serving to assess gross motor functions (GMFCS), manual abilities (MACS) and communication (CFCS), which is a significant element in the multi diagnosis of disorders in the cerebral palsy syndrome, necessary for speech therapy treatment.
Logopedia
|
2018
|
vol. 47 EN
|
issue 2
371-386
EN
The article presents the issue of logopaedic diagnostic treatment which was conducted on the patient with cerebral palsy her late childhood and early adulthood. The authors carried out the evaluation of the language acquisition level (both oral and written) and the assessment of nonverbal communication. Types of deficits in communication and their determinants were identified, which constituted the basis of logopaedic diagnosis. Referring to the results of their own studies, the authors indicated the need of conducting longitudinal studies in logopaedics in case of patients with coupled disorders as well as creating and standardizing techniques and diagnostic tools that could be applied to carry out longitudinal studies on the groups of patients.
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