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EN
The text analyzes the mutual relations between the liturgy of sacraments and the most solemn state ceremony in the Republic of Poland, that of swearing-in of the Head of State. Although the latter ceremony is secular, its antecedence should be sought in the religious aspects of the enthronement of European rulers in the Middle Ages. These references make the swearing-in an object of study combining theology and political science. They invite questions about the relation between the religious imagination of a given national community and its political organization as embodied in state ceremonies. The candidate who wins the presidential elections becomes the President of the Polish Republic after their victory is announced by the National Electoral Commission, and after the Supreme Court confirms validity of this result. However, they remain President-Elect until they utter the words of the oath. Therefore, the swearing-in is a public ritual regulated by law which needs to be completed in order to formally commence exercise of the office. The oath, which is spelled out in the Constitution and delivered by the newly elected Head of State, has a performative nature, similar to liturgical formulas. Additionally, it comprises an optional reference to God as witness to the oath delivered. Therefore, the presidential oath is a historically conditioned testimony to public authority, referring to the realm of the sacred.
Human Affairs
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 2
129-137
EN
"Actions" are normally thought of as taken by individuals. But to understand their quality, it is not enough to classify them from the perspective of individual psychology (rational vs. emotional, technical vs. artistic, etc.). We need to grasp their relation to those forms of collective life which have a historical existence independent of specific individual action (institutions, the conventions of social gathering, the organizing principles of games, architecture, music, ritual, etc.). This paper focuses on what characteristics such forms of collective life share, not what seems to separate them (eg. into sacred vs secular, technology vs creative art). The main features emphasized are their choreography, that is their enactment within commonly understood patterns of a spatial and temporal kind, as well as rules of interactive movement; and their ceremonial character, something which can be found in simple situations such as a conversation or a meal, though much more intensely in major religious ritual. A particularly resonant image for these enactments of social life is the dance. Because there is a ceremonial aspect to all social interaction, the paper argues that individual action, necessarily oriented to the social context, always has an "artful" side (however habitual or technical). The paper draws on the writings of Wittgenstein on action, and those of Collingwood on language and art, to shape the argument. Illustrations are provided of the "artful" employment of language (especially by actors on the stage), the "artful" side of material culture, and from the author's own ethnographic studies, the significance of dance among Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia.
EN
Academic regalia, symbols and ceremonies are an important element of university reality. The ruling force here is the tradition and continuity of the preservation of symbols since the Middle Ages. The awarding of academic degrees and titles in the XXI century is still associated with a consistent structure during which specific rituals – characteristic for University or even each field of study – take place. They become an exemplification of prestige in the academic world, the position of professors, as well as other social groups, and crystallize the place in the hierarchy of various individuals and groups of people, as well as the academic capital that they represent. In this article, I will focus on this initial level of academic career which is a doctorate and especially at this ceremonial or symbolic ritual of passage – the doctoral promotion.
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EN
The oldest historical resources and records about “hody” (traditional feast organized on the occasion of dedication of a church to a patron saint) from the 19th and 20th centuries mention existence of parades and the special position of boys and men in the whole “Hody” festival. “stárci” (selected senior boys) played the principal role in the life of the youth in the villages of Uherskohradišťsko. They were the driving force of all cultural and social events in the village, the main organizers of “Hody”. They were elected by “chasa” (all senior youth) for one year and they acquired certain rights and duties. the election of “stárci” was a great ceremony and a matter of prestige for the male youth. “stárci” had special attributes out of which “právo” (a wooden stick decorated with flowers, ribbons and spangles) was the most important one. Until the mid-20th century, girls did not take part in the “Hody” parade at all. It was performed solely by boys and married men. one evening was reserved for the married men. As part of the entertainment, they also had priority to a solo dance. In this way, “stárci” showed respect of the community of unmarried youth to married men who helped them to prepare “Hody”. The role of “stárci” has decreased within the last one hundred years, nonetheless it is still dominant. The boys are still conscious of the importance of this function.
EN
The author goes out from Helmuth Plessner’s book Die Grenzen der Gemeinschaft to show how the basic categories of Plessner’s philosophical anthropology, especially the eccentric position conception, apply to his critique of community-oriented societies like communism and fascism. Plessner saw the alternative to a community-based society in a model where social bonds took place by association, and in which the anthropological a priori enjoyed the optimum conditions for self-expression(in such dimensions of the public sphere as ceremony, prestige, diplomacy and tact).This social model also allows the full establishment of social roles in the anthropological sense, something that is annihilated by community-type societies. The author also addresses the different ways in which the “social role” category is interpreted by Plessner (the anthropological approach) and Ralf Dahrendorf (a functionalistic approach drawing on Marxism and the concept of alienation, which Plessner felt unfamiliar with), and concludes with a few concrete and methodologically grounded objections to Plessner’s theory.
PL
Obecność misterium paschalnego Chrystusa w liturgii sprawia Duch Święty. On czyni wydarzenia zbawcze Chrystusa skuteczną anamnezą. W sakramencie bierzmowania Paraklet udoskonala dzieło Chrystusa, rozpoczęte w sakramencie chrztu. Mocą swoich darów uzdalnia człowieka do łatwiejszego poznania Bożej prawdy i skutecznego świadczenie o Bogu, który jest Miłością. On też uzdalnia uczestników sakramentu bierzmowania do ożywiania wiary. Ta zaś aktualizuje zobowiązania chrzcielne. One bowiem staną się zobowiązaniami także sakramentu bierzmowania. Bpowi Świerzawskiemu bardzo zależało, aby sakrament bierzmowania był dobrze rozumiany i przyjmowany z żywą wiarą przez jego diecezjan. Bierzmowanie bowiem dynamizuje osobowość ochrzczonego. Uzdalnia go także do brania współodpowiedzialności za Kościół, nie jakiś Kościół, ale za konkretnych ludzi, z którymi bierzmowany ten Kościół tworzy.
EN
The presence of the Paschal mystery of Christ in the Liturgy is caused by the Holy Spirit. He causes the saving act of Christ effective anamnesis. In the sacrament of confirmation the Paraclete perfects the act of Christ that began in the sacrament of baptism. With the power of His gifts, the Holy Spirit enables a man to get to know the God's truth easier and to give effective testimony about God who is Love. It is the Holy Spirit who enables the participants of the sacrament of testimony to lively faith. Yet, the lively faith brings the baptismal promises up to date as they will become the promises of the sacrament of baptism as well. Bishop Świerzawski was deeply concerned about the fact the sacrament of baptism was well understood and accepted with a lively faith by his diocesans. It is because the sacrament of confirmation makes the personality of the baptised person dynamic. It also enables them to take the co-responsibility for the Church, not any Church, but the specific people who the confirmed person forms the Church with.
PL
Chrzest jest jednym z siedmiu sakramentów świętych. A te święte czynności, ustanowione przez Chrystusa, są skutecznymi znakami łaski uświęcającej lub uczynkowej. Chrzest swoją moc czerpie z paschy Chrystusa. Tę tajemnicę zbawienia przypominają i aktualizują obrzędy chrzcielne. Już formą anamnezy jest znak krzyża, czyniony na czole katechumena. Procesja chrzcielna jest wyrazem pragnienia kroczenie drogą paschy Chrystusa. W tajemnicę paschalną Wcielonego Słowa wprowadza skutecznie słowo Boże, proklamowane podczas obrzędów chrzcielnych. W tych obrzędach sakramentalną skuteczność ujawnia woda chrzcielna, znak zanurzenia w śmierci i zmartwychwstaniu Chrystusa. A to zanurzenie daje udział w synostwie Bożym. Anamnetyczny charakter posiadają także obrzędy wyjaśniające. Namaszczenie olejem krzyżma wprowadza w misję Chrystusa, Namaszczonego Duchem Świętym. Biała szata i świeca chrzcielna są znakiem obleczenia się w Chrystusa i uczestnictwa w Jego światłości.
EN
Baptism is one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church. It is an effective sign of sanctifying grace. It introduces into the mystery of death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Baptism ceremonies have mistagogical character. The sign of cross made on the foreheads of neophytes, processions, as well as words of God and baptism ceremonies which explain sacramental ablution help to understand that the baptism allows us to participate in God’s sonship and in the priestly, prophetic and pastoral mission of incarnated Son of God.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
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2014
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vol. 57
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issue 4
109-119
EN
This article is concerned about the problem of the wedding practises which has not been undertaken by sociologists yet. The Author of the article explains the changes of wedding practises which appeared when the traditional society converted into the modern and next the postmodern society. The transformation of a wedding as a ritual passage into a ceremony is presented in this article from the point of the chosen aspects of the changes in family and marriage life. These aspects are: the fall in the number of marriages, the changes in the age of newlyweds, the lower age of sexual initiation and the higher number of cohabitation relationships.
PL
W niniejszym artykule poruszona została, jak do tej pory niepodejmowana na gruncie socjologii, problematyka praktyk ślubnych. Autorka podjęła w nim próbę wyjaśnienia przemian, jakie dokonały się w tym obszarze wraz z procesem przejścia od społeczeństwa tradycyjnego do nowoczesnego i ponowoczesnego. Przekształcenie się ślubu z niezmiennego, gwarantującego zmianę statusu społecznego, rytuału przejścia w bardziej elastyczną i formalną ceremonię zostało w tekście opisane z perspektywy wybranych aspektów przemian w sferze życia rodzinno-małżeńskiego. Wśród nich pojawiły się takie zjawiska i procesy społeczne, jak: spadek liczby zawieranych małżeństw, przesunięcie się wieku nowożeńców, obniżenie wieku inicjacji seksualnej czy rosnący odsetek związków kohabitacyjnych.
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Hudba a rituál

51%
EN
Study of rituals can rarely do without the examination of music which constitutes an important non-verbal part of their structure. The process of rituals correlates with music which determines the rhythm of changes. The study is based on field research of the annual spring ritual cycles in Bohemia, Slovakia and Basel, Switzerland, which are compared. Music in rituals can be applied in two forms: as protocolar (becoming the identifi er of the ritual) or arbitrary. The processes of the Shrovetide rituals are interpreted according to Gennepov classifi cation of transitional rituals with the key feature of the liminal (threshold) phase; in the same way Victor Turner’s terms such as communitas and anti-structure are applied.
EN
The subject of the analysis is the hitherto unknown in the literature of the subject, the oldest on the Polish lands full veiling ceremony, the adoption of novices – Modus suscipiendi novitias ad habitum S. Clarae (hereinafter: Modus 1600). The manuscript, formerly belonging to the Poor Clares convent in Gniezno, and presently stored in the local Archdiocesan Archive, is dated on the year 1600. The early date of emergence, the minuteness of the ceremony (including musical notation), and brief description of the rite in Polish make it extremely valuable and interesting. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the course of the analysis of the veiling ceremony, having public and solemn character in the opposite to the proffesion vows made in the cloister. The rule of St. Clare from 1253 laconically mentions about receiving habit. Among the Italian Clares, the veil ceremony was known at least since the 15th century. In Poland, first information about ceremony of veiling comes from the second half of 16th century, and ceremonies codifying it became widespread in 17th century. The essential elements of the ceremony included: giving a candle to the novice, the offertory, including placing the ring on the altar, effectuation of the habit and veil, cutting hair, and finally – replacing secular clothing with ecclesiastical robes. In the spiritual area, the manuscript Modus 1600 and other ceremonials present elements of St. Clara’s spirituality and the motive of marriage with the Bridegroom – Jesus.
EN
The article analyzes how the main representative of the Romanian New Wave – Cristi Puiu – uses the visual space of an apartment for staging and presenting the visible and hidden spheres of reality. His film Sieranevada, focusing on a family meeting on the occasion of religious ceremonies commemorating recently deceased senior family member, shows the possibilities of using the language of realism to appeal to the spirituality present in everyday life and to unveil Transcendence.
EN
In the interwar period the 63rd Infantry Regiment was stationed in Toruń and constituted a part of the 4th Infantry Division deployed on the area subordinate to the Corps District Command number VIII with headquarters in Torun. The article concerns the most important events connected with the course of military service in the regiment at the beginning of the second half of 1930s. It has been based mainly on a thorough and detailed analysis of the orders of the day from a 3-year period. It presents important events from the soldiers’ life, from conscription onwards. It also describes the oath of enlistment ceremony, the recruits’ religious life, daily schedule, additional trainings for conscripted and professional soldiers, punishments and bans, awards and recognition for service, participation in holidays and in secular and religious ceremonies. The paper acquaints the reader with the barracks life in time of peace and with the course of service in the discussed period. It also shows that during the service the military authorities not only put emphasis on strictly military and physical preparation but also recognized the need of raising a citizen and a conscious defender of the country.
RU
63 пехотный полк в межвоенный период XX века располагался в Торуне и входил в состав 4 Дивизии Пехоты, дислоцированной на территории, подчиненной Управлению округа корпуса № VIII, базируемому в Торуне. Содержание статьи касается самых важных событий, связанных с течением военной службы в полку в начале второй половины тридцатых годов. Статья написана на основе глубокого и тщательного анализа рапортов трехлетнего периода. В ней автор представил главные события (начиная с призыва), какие проживал солдат, проходящий службу. Также в статье описаны: процесс принятия присяги, религиозная жизнь новобранцев, распорядок дня, обучение солдат из призыва и личного состава, наказания и запреты, награды и знаки отличия за прохождение службы, участие в праздниках, светских и религиозных торжествах. Статья познакомит читателя с казарменной жизнью в мирное время и ходом службы в описываемый период, а также показывает, что во время прохождения службы военные управленцы придавали значение не только армейской и физической подготовке, но и принимали во внимание необходимость воспитания в солдате гражданина и сознательного защитника страны.
PL
63 Toruński Pułk Piechoty w okresie międzywojennym stacjonował w Toruniu i był jednostką wchodzącą w skład 4 Dywizji Piechoty rozlokowanej na obszarze podległym Dowództwu Okręgu Korpusu nr VIII, z siedzibą w Toruniu. Treść artykułu dotyczy najważniejszych wydarzeń związanych z przebiegiem służby wojskowej w pułku na początku drugiej połowy lat trzydziestych. Publikacja napisana została na podstawie gruntownej i szczegółowej analizy rozkazów dziennych z okresu 3 lat. Autor przedstawił w niej, poczynając od poboru, ważne wydarzenia, jakich doświadczał żołnierz odbywający służbę. W artykule opisane zostały także: przebieg przysięgi, życie religijne rekrutów, rozkład dnia, dokształcanie żołnierzy z poboru i kadry, kary i zakazy, nagrody i wyróżnienia za pełnienie służby, udział w świętach i uroczystościach świeckich i religijnych. Publikacja zapoznaje czytelnika z życiem koszarowym w okresie pokoju i przebiegiem służby w opisywanym okresie. Pokazuje również, że w czasie pełnienia służby władze wojskowe nie tylko kładły nacisk na przygotowanie stricte wojskowe i fizyczne, lecz także uwzględniały potrzebę wychowania obywatela i świadomego obrońcy kraju.
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