The problem discussed in this article concerns the relationship between hope and action styles in adolescents. An action style is a way in which man perceives and responds to the outside world, and it may be aimed at securing oneself or interacting with the surroundings. The main aim of this analysis was to find out if, and to what degree, the level of hope is connected with action styles. The following hypotheses are proposed: H – 1. There is a relationship between hope and an action style. H- 2. Persons with different types of hope are characterised by different styles of action. H – 3. Persons with a high level of hope have a cooperation‑oriented style. H – 4. Persons with a low level of hope are often characterised by a style aimed at protecting themselves. 149 persons aged 17 – 18 participated in the study. The following methods were used: the Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12) – compiled by Trzebiński and M. Zięba, the Hope for Success Questionnaire (KNS) – adaptation of C. R. Snyder’s questionnaire made by M. Łaguna, J. Trzebiński and M. Zięba, as well as the Action Styles Questionnaire by Z. Uchnast. The results obtained have allowed the researchers to form the opinion that hope helps individuals function better in the world. The way in which a person perceives the world and their own capabilities translates into the style of action which they choose. A person who is full of hope seeks self‑actualisation as well as cooperation with others.
This study describes the model of living values education (LVE) in school habituation activities and its impact on character development. It employs the design of research and development in junior and senior high-schools in Bandung. The model of LVE in school habituation is carried out by clearly defining the values of life and expected behaviors, learning of values in the real life contexts, regular awards for expected behaviors, proactive correction of deviant behaviors through clear procedures, and by using the principle of example, correction, awards, and enforcement. The application of the model of LVE in school habituation significantly affects the student’s character development by 42.1%. Thus, the model of LVE in habituation program can be implemented in schools.
The purpose of this study was to confirm the construct of the multicultural and local wisdom character research instrument of early childhood. Respondents were 430 early children. Data analysis using the CFA approach. The results showed that the four conceptual dimensions of character were empirically proven to group into four dimensions. Each dimension is corrected for sub dimensions and indicators based on the loading factor score criteria, cronbach alpha reliability, rho-A score, composite reliability > 0.70, average variance extracted > 0.50. There are 29 indicators that meet valid, reliable criteria and fit model.
The presented research concerns the functions and symbolism of the characters in "Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart" by John Amos Comenius. In this work, the characters are largely typified and are examples that serve the author’s in-depth spiritual reflection. The negative features of the heroes are often shown by Comenius in animal costumes. Symbolic associations with the world of fauna refer to the inner sphere of man and show his moral condition.
The article analyses texts regarding the opera character, or indirectly linked to it, by a number of authors from the late eighteenth century to the last decades of the nineteenth century: Sulzer, Rousseau, Hoffmann, Stendhal, Baudelaire, Wagner. The author focuses on their theoretical texts and artistic prose. The analysis indicates a strong multilateral involvement of the reflection on the topic of character in contemporary aesthetic views and anthropological concepts.
In the project of environmental aesthetics, the beauty of nature has always been as its core. It is linked to an intersubjective belief about a good influence of nature on the quality of life in terms of, for example, land use planning or living spaces design in which, however, the beauty may be in competition with some other activities against nature. The key to understanding environmental aesthetics is the term character, as well as, atmosphere and its possible social-scale impact.
Aim. The aim of the research is to compare Konstantin Levin’s function in the film Anna Karenina(2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Kareninaby Leo Tolstoy and to determine how much his figure was changed in the film adaptation under the influence of the scriptwriter’s and director’s stance. Methods. The subjects of the study were the film Anna Karenina (2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. They are analysed with the use of the theory of script writing, different types of character classifications and the text corpus analysis, taking into account the cultural, historical and economic features of scriptwriting and film production. Results. The analysis shows that Konstantin Levin’s function of the second protagonist that is characteristic for the novel is further developed in the screenplay but is omitted in the film. The discrepancies with the source book and the screenplay are caused by the influence of the film director during the film production. Conclusions. Even though the study considers the texts that are closely interrelated, the individual author’s stance influences the text of the screenplay so much that it gives us an opportunity to call Tom Stoppard, the scriptwriter, a writer in the full sense of the word.
Drama – stage – actor The author discusses the issue of acting and theatrical stage in the context of Józef Tischner’s philosophy, which sees the stage as the platform for freedom, and the meeting and parting of people, as well as their relationship with the Absolute. The language of the character is created by: the actor, screenplay, costumes, lighting and music. He introduces the idea of objectifying the stage and familiarising onself with role, the basis of which are relations between the plays characters.
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Drama – stage – actor The author discusses the issue of acting and theatrical stage in the context of Józef Tischner’s philosophy, which sees the stage as the platform for freedom, and the meeting and parting of people, as well as their relationship with the Absolute. The language of the character is created by: the actor, screenplay, costumes, lighting and music. He introduces the idea of objectifying the stage and familiarising onself with role, the basis of which are relations between the plays characters.
This study seeks to: 1) to generate a product of a living values-based authentic assessment model in civic learning in high school; 2) to test the effectiveness of the model on the character development of students. Research and Development design was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires, attitude scales, interviews, and focus group discussions. An interactive analysis model, quantitative descriptive, and the two-difference test mean were utilised to analyse the data. Participants in the study were Students and Civics Education teachers in ten high schools in Bandung, Indonesia. Results reveal: 1) the model product comprised attitude assessment, self-assessment, and peer assessment which integrates the values of life into the assessment aspects of learning material according to the curriculum; 2) The results of model trials indicate that significant differences arise in the character development of students before and after the application of the model.
The study explored the desirable character attributes of teachers and provided specific behavioral guidelines for being a good teacher in Korea. The Delphi method was used. Ten virtues and 88 behavioral guidelines were created from three rounds of surveys involving 22 Korean panelists. Results indicated that most of the virtues identified in this study were consistent with the results of Western studies. However, a sense of humor regarded as a desirable characteristic of teachers in previous studies did not emerge as a virtue from Korean panelists. Morality rarely mentioned in Western research was included in this study. The characteristics required of a Korean teacher seem to be based on Confucianism.
This study seeks to delineate a living values-based authentic assessment model in civic education to foster student character. A research and development design was adopted, with the subjects being high school students in Bandung City and West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Conceptually, a living values-based authentic assessment is one that amalgamates living values and living values education principles into civic education learning assessments by taking into account the principles of authentic assessment, the core and basic competencies in the curriculum, the main characteristics in the educational program for strengthening character, principles for writing questions based on higher-order thinking skills, and principles for preparing assessments. The types of authentic assessment developed herein are attitude assessment and self-assessment. Based on the results of the validation of experts and practitioners, it is found that the majority (82.84%) rated the authentic assessment instruments as good.
Cris des cœurs by Jean-Victor Pellerin consists of the three parts, each of them corresponds to a different genre: melodrama, tragedy and misterium. Rejecting the reality, the writer resignes also from the scene’s materiality what leads him as a consequence to the deconstruction of the space-time’s categories. Traditional drama’s division on act and scenes is replaced by the loose images (tableaux) where the dreamy visions mingle with reality. Puting the pressure on oniric dimension of a play, the playwright prepares the area for a break of characters who moving in a hostile and an unspecified world without the laws of physics, get going in quest for the lost identity. Breaking the unity of action and psychological consistency of a character, Pellerin presents the crisis of a temporary human being, moreover by using heterogenic forms, he shows this crisis in ist best.
The article is devoted to the problem of authorial intention in contemporary Russian drama. Firstly, major theoretical approaches to the ‘problem of the author’ in drama are identified. It is then demonstrated how cultural paradigms change in an artistic consciousness and how, as a consequence, the most important structural components of drama – conflict, character, genre – become discredited and deconstructed. There follows an overview of specific examples of such transformations of these generic features of drama. It is argued in the paper that such transformations result from the activation of the author’s consciousness and are a manifestation of the author’s intentions regarding the modern picture of the world.
The subject of the analysis are the excellent scientific achievements in the field of comparative pedagogy presented by Professor Bogdan Nawroczyński (1882-1974). His contacts with the world’s leading scholars in the field of pedagogy of the New Education resulted in a radical change in comparative studies in Polish pedagogy. I pay attention to the universality of Nawroczyński’s thought and its integrity with the theory of personality and education of young people. I am introducing his contribution to the internationalization of pedagogy, its systematisation and typology of pedagogical thought.
The study suggests an analysis of the transfer from the novel of Ermanno Cavazzoni, Il poema dei lunatici, into the Federico Fellini’s last film, La voce della luna, and shows how the film receives and develops the narrative pathways of the book. Particularly, the essay focuses on the topics of knowledge processes and cultural otherness of characters to remark, considering Fellini’s way of dealing with adaptation, how the rewriting practice interprets and deepens the basic themes of novel.
The article offers and discusses a possible understanding of Ryle’s behaviourism against the background of Ryle’s philosophical reflections on the novels of Jane Austen. The first part presents Ryle’s account of Austen’s charaterology as an Aristotelian anthropology (people do not divide into the good and the bad, rather each one presents a concrete exemplification of a series of heterogenous traits) and its philosophical setting in virtue theory. In the second part I examine how Ryle’s dispositional analysis can be applied to more complex character traits too: character traits should be understood as dispositions with an open spectrum of behavioural expressions, to which we lend a certain quality (extending also into behavior that goes “against the disposition”). In the third part, with the help of a (Wittgensteinian) concept of verification, I reconstruct a hypothetical Ryle-Wittgenstein conception of behaviourism as the specific analysis of the relation between non-identical, though inseparable, reports of behavior and reports of the “mental”: reports about concrete expressions and acts are the only means by which a meaningful dispute about the sense and accuracy of reports about character traits can be conducted. In the final, fourth, part I add some notes on the question of how the two types of report can throw light on each other. The ability to know character traits is a specific kind of perceiving or seeing (which exercises itself on people who express themselves in different ways, but which does not amount to a peering “within” their minds or heads), at the root of which is an ability to judge which requires cultivation.
The article analyzes the image of the character, whose formation has been associated with the value systems of the 18th century in Russia. Such a character has a structural characteristic of the archetype of the wise old man, the organizer of the world. It considers the transformation of the image at various stages of the literary process, typology identifies similar characteristics in the images of Starodum from the play of Fovizin “Nedorosl” and the old duke Nikolay Bokonsky: vigorous old age, the desire to live by the rules, harmonization of the life of the in-house space, appeal to the rational basis of life. The article identifies and analyzes the direction of values of young characters associated with the respect to old age (images of old age in Pushkin’s novel “Kapitanskayia Dotchka” ). The author’s attitude to the model of world, created by the heroes of old age, and the possibility of its continued existence — a phenomenon of chronocide, cyclic development of history, the hero leaving this life as an opportunity for the emergence of a new generation and preservation of traditions are assessed.
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W artykule ukazane zostały typologiczne analogie między postaciami starców, występującymi w utworach Fonwizina, Puszkina i Tołstoja. Autorka analizuje wizerunek tych postaci, których obraz związany jest z systemem wartości osiemnastowiecznej Rosji. Bohaterowie ci mają archetypowe cechy mądrego starca, „organizatora” ładu świata. Autorka artykułu wskazuje podobieństwa w wizerunkach Staroduma z komedii Fonwizina i starego księcia Nikołaja Bołkońskiego z powieści Tołstoja. Obie postaci łączą: energia życiowa, przyjęta hierarchia wartości, dążenie do zachowania harmonii w przestrzeni domu, odwoływanie się do racjonalnej podstawy życia. Przeanalizowany został także system wartości tych młodych bohaterów, którym bliski jest kult starości (Griniow z powieści Puszkina Капитанская дочка). Autorka przedstawia swoje refleksje w kontekście takich zagadnień, jak: zjawisko upływu czasu, cykliczność w rozwoju historii, pojawienie się nowej generacji, zachowanie tradycji.
Ingmar Bergman's novel, The Best Intentions, is about the life and love of his parents. In transforming his parents into the characters, Henrik and Anna, Bergman offers a compelling analysis of the driving forces behind their real-life actions and choices. The paper draws from the work of the Danish philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, to demonstrate the way that Bergman's analysis is connected to a particular understanding of the dynamics of the self. I ask: how and why are Bergman's two characters led to deception and self-deception during the most critical years of their lives? Bergman's intuitions about the embodied, relational self arguably have to do with his experience as a stage director. Through his work, he is aware of the way that players distinguish between their own selves and the roles, characters, voices, and identities they perform. Bergman exploits the techniques, concepts, and metaphors of the theater in the narration of this story of a 'life catastrophe'.
The article is devoted to the analysis of opposition between truth and lie in Nathalie Sarraute's (1900-1999) dramaturgy. The emphasis is put on charac-ters' speech, author's point of view and definitive traits of «Nouveau Roman» in the Sarraute's works.
Woroniecki formulates his conception of the ethos of a speaker against the background of analyses of the conditions of telling tales understood as literary transcripts of living speech transmiting the wisdom of previous generations and addressed to a specific recipient. There is a close connection between the ethos of a speaker (his/her moral condition) and the ethos way of persuasion, a connection conditioned by the specificity of human nature. The way of revealing the speaker’s attitude, and the way in which the ethos reveals and interacts are inseparably connected with the speaker who is a man who cognizes and acts. The imitation or fabrication of the ethos, which is instrumental or detached from the speaker, are contrary to Woroniecki’s position. The specificity of the ethos persuasion (according to Woroniecki) consists in the fact that this persuasion is carried out in connection with the nature of a speaker who is capable of (moral) self-improvement, and of the creative presentation of his development to the auditorium.
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