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Cheder i mełamed we wspomnieniach młodzieży żydowskiej okresu międzywojennego

100%
Cukras-Stelągowska J.
Paedagogia Christiana
|
2017
|
vol. 2/40
187-209
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę stworzenia zbiorowego portretu chederów oraz pracujących w nich nauczycieli (mełamedów) w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Edukacja w chederze stanowiła niezwykle ważny etap na drodze do dorastania żydowskich chłopców, decydujący o dalszych trajektoriach edukacyjnych i zawodowych, przygotowujący do pełnego uczestnictwa we wspólnocie. Bazą dla analizy tego zagadnienia są prace historyków, a także materiały pamiętnikarskie: z zastosowaniem metody egzemplifikacji. Analizie poddano autobiografie polskiej młodzieży żydowskiej okresu międzywojennego ze zbiorów YIVO Institute for Jewish Research w Nowym Jorku. Starano się także pokazać proces przemian w obrębie szkolnictwa religijnego, główne powody ataków kierowanych wobec tradycyjnych szkółek oraz podejmowane próby ich reformowania. Przekazany we wspomnieniach obraz chederów wpisuje się w ten krytyczny nurt, ale nie jest jednorodny. Zdecydowanie bardziej pozytywne relacje pojawiają się w diariuszach młodych Żydów, którzy uczęszczali do chederów zreformowanych.
EN
The article attempts to create a collective portrait of cheders and teachers working in them (melameds) during the inter-war period. Education in cheders was an extremely important stage of development for Jewish boys. It determined their further educational and professional careers and prepared them for full participation in Jewish communities. These issues are analysed based on the works of historians and diaries using the method of exemplification. The analysis includes autobiographies of young Polish Jews from the inter-war period from the collections of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York. The article also tries to show the process of changes within religious education, the main reasons for attacks at traditional schools and attempts to reform them. The image of cheders conveyed in diaries is part of this critical trend, but it is not homogeneous. Definitely more positive accounts can be found in the diaries of young Jews who attended reformed cheders.
2
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JAK ODZYSKAĆ DZIEDZICTWO UTRACONE. DREWNIANA SYNAGOGA Z ZABŁUDOWA

71%
Erecińska-Baumann A.
Ochrona Zabytków
|
2003
|
issue 1-2
46-56
EN
Up to the second world war the Polish landscape was enhanced by numerous wooden sacral buildings of assorted denominations: Christianity, Islam and Judaism, producing a colourful cultural mosaic testifying to Poland’s multicultural heritage and history. The Nazi occupation put an end to the existence of wooden synagogues which were all destroyed in fires. Today, there is not a single such object preserved. The article presents a concise outline of the history and appearance of the seventeenthcentury synagogue in Zabłudów (the region of Białystok) upon the basis of extensive literature on the subject. The author intends to popularise the valuable initiative of reconstructing the synagogue in the Białystok Skansen museum.
3
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Od chederu po Wyższą Szkołę Rabiniczną. Żydowska edukacja religijna w Polsce (1945–1950)

70%
Rusiniak-Karwat M.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
|
2019
|
vol. 56
81-102
EN
As the Second World War ended, Jews that survived the Holocaust tried to resurrect Jewish life in Poland, which, at least to some extent, was supposed to resemble the one from before 1939. They aimed to revive Judaism and follow religious teachings in everyday life. The article shows one form of the Jewish life renewal, ie religious education. Religious schools and courses were created primarily so that children, who spent the wartime away from vital tenets of Judaism and traditions of the Jewish people, could grasp what it means to be a religious Jew. The text provides geographical locations of educational establishments active between 1944 and 1950 and details about their functioning.
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