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1

Werbunek dzieci do oddziałów zbrojnych na przykładzie wybranych państw Afryki Środkowo-Wschodniej

100%

Gierszewska W.

Cywilizacja i Polityka

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2022

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vol. 20

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issue 20

37-49

PL

Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na następujące pytanie badawcze, jaki wpływ ma szkolenie zbrojne dzieci na ich rozwój emocjonalno-kulturowy i w jakim stopniu werbunek dzieci żołnierzy jest problemem aktualnym dla państw Afryki Środkowo-Wschodniej. W artykule scharakteryzowano proces werbunku dzieci do oddziałów zbrojnych, ich szkolenie oraz udział w działaniach zbrojnych, represyjnych i zbrodniach wojennych. Opisano w sposób ogólny głównych aktorów działań wojennych i grupy zbrojne odpowiedzialne za werbunek dzieci żołnierzy oraz przedstawiono stosunek państw do walki z tym procederem, zarówno od strony uregulowań prawnych, jak i praktycznych działań.

EN

The aim of the article is to answer the following research question, what is the impact of armed training of children on their emotional and cultural development and to what extent the recruitment of children of soldiers is a current problem for the countries of Central and Eastern Africa. The article characterizes the process of recruiting children to armed forces, their training and participation in military, repressive and war crimes. The main actors of warfare and armed groups responsible for the recruitment of children soldiers are described in a general way, and the attitude of states to combating this practice is presented. Both in terms of legal regulations and practical actions.

2

CHILDREN SOLDIERS, HUMAN SHIELDS WITHOUT THE NAME AND DIGNITY

100%

Krauz A., Olak A.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 20(20)

275-296

EN

This article presents the issue of recruitment and use of children by adults as soldiers to armed struggle. Presents a picture of the modern world, including the countries, continents, in which children soldiers and rifle AK-47 as the living shields without name, dignity and personality reflect the life. Adults of this world of technology, space, nanotechnology use minors to fighting tribal, religious, narkotykotion, etc. Despite established international conventions on the rights of the child, the African Charter of the rights of the child, and the opposition of the public referred to resorts, countries still use thousands of children as soldiers who have become tools in the hands of adults.

3

Can Duress Exclude Criminal Responsibility of Former Child Soldiers? The Case of Dominic Ongwen Before the International Criminal Court

63%

Gacka P.

Studia Iuridica

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2019

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vol. 82

78-100

EN

The phenomenon of child soldiers encompasses up to half a million of adolescents around the world and is – without a doubt – one of the most pressing humanitarian problems of contemporary armed conflicts. This article aims at addressing this issue by examining an ongoing trial of Dominic Ongwen before the International Criminal Court. The first part is dedicated to the description of Dominic Ongwen’s life through the prism of the ‘victim’ and ‘perpetrator’ labels. In this respect I try to prove that in many situations these two labels do not fit the social reality which they are supposed to classify or categorize. In the second part, I refer to the taxonomy of defences, justifications, excuses and grounds for excluding criminal responsibility in domestic and international criminal law. I also analyse concepts of duress and necessity as they are codified in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. On these basis, I give a negative answer to the question if Dominic Ongwen will be able to effectively invoke one of these defences in order to limit or exclude his criminal responsibility, while in conclusions I also provide a short assessment of ‘the law as it is’.

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1 Cywilizacja i Polityka

1 Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

1 Studia Iuridica

1 2022

1 2020

1 2018

1 Gacka P.

1 Gierszewska W.

1 Krauz A.

1 Olak A.

Werbunek dzieci do oddziałów zbrojnych na przykładzie wybranych państw Afryki Środkowo-Wschodniej

CHILDREN SOLDIERS, HUMAN SHIELDS WITHOUT THE NAME AND DIGNITY

Can Duress Exclude Criminal Responsibility of Former Child Soldiers? The Case of Dominic Ongwen Before the International Criminal Court