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Antická a středověká chiromancie: její počátky a principy

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Vítek T.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

2012

vol. 135

issue 3-4

227-258

This article is devoted to the origins and the main stages of developement of Greek and Latine palmistry from Classical Antiquity until the early Renaissance. Chiromantic treatises have been preserved only in some medieval manuscripts (Greek as well as Latine), but the analysis of their terminology and basic principles of interpretation indicates that they were made according to ancient patterns. This is almost certainly true of Greek chiromantic treatise called Prognostikon, and it is also likely for a group of more sophisticated Latin writings which do not follow closely the older folk literature of the same type and which – in addition to possible Jewish and Arabic influences – probably integrate something of the ancient tradition. A passage in Aristotle, which proves the existence of chiromancy already in the 4th century BCE, also strongly influenced the form of later chiromantic literature (especially in the Middle Ages). Whether the ancient Greek palmistry was somehow marked by older civilizations, where the technique of divination is documented (China, India, Mesopotamia), could not be demonstrated.

Astrologiczne i humoralne uwarunkowania wyglądu ciała ludzkiego. Johannesa ab Indagine Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum (1522) na tle kultury umysłowej renesansu

87%

Raubo A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

2017

issue 31

89-128

This article describes the impact of humoral theory and astrology on the description of human body in four types of temperaments (choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine and melancholic) in the Renaissance writings. The most important of them is an antique book entitled Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum written by Johannes Indagine and printed in 1522. Other books from this period are: Enchiridion Physiognomiae co[m] pe[n]diosu[m]: cu[m] figuris facieru[m] (1532) by Simonenide Louicz, Problemata Aristotelis. Gadki… o składności członk.w człowieczych (1535) by Andrzej Glaber, Phisionomia hinc inde ex illustribus scriptoribus… recollecta (1518) by Johann von Glogau. The article describes the humoral theory of diseses, which roots were created by Hippocrates and Galen, and the doctrine of the four humors dominated Medieval and Renaissance medicine. This theory held that in the body there are four humors or bodily fluids (moists) held the secret to temperaments. These humors were: blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm. A proper domination of each fluid was a cause of characteristic patterns of appropriate temperament: melancholic, sanguine, choleric and phlegmatic. The theory of four temperaments was also intrinsically tied to astrology, beginning with a natal birth chart interpretations to the impact of diffrent planets (Zodiac) on the organs in human body. Astrology was also helpful in the interpretation of temperaments (personality types) with their connection to the picture of human face, which was analyzed by the medieval physiognomy and also to physical appearance: shape of the body, colour of the skin, musculature and hair. The article also describes the correlations connecting the theory of four humors with birth (natal) charts and looking which planet has the impact on each temperament and human body, with negative or positive domination of diffrent character qualities. And finally, there is a detailed reconstruction of physiognomic types of human types of four temperaments, based on the book from 1522 Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum by Indagine. The author discusses a planet’s positions and conjunctions with other planets in horoscope and their impact on temperament, physical posture, character traits, with some medical comments.

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1 Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

1 Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

1 2017

1 2012

1 Raubo A.

1 Vítek T.

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Antická a středověká chiromancie: její počátky a principy

Astrologiczne i humoralne uwarunkowania wyglądu ciała ludzkiego. Johannesa ab Indagine Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum (1522) na tle kultury umysłowej renesansu