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1

L’amitié chevaleresque dans le miroir de la littérature médiévale française

100%

Abramowicz M.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2017

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vol. 64

11-21

EN

The emergence in the Middle Ages of literature in the vernacular paralleled the emergence of the new, lay social elite — the chivalry. The new literature did not so much reflect as it shaped the attitudes and the axiological system embraced by medieval knights. This fact has been recognized by historians, however they seem to take atoo homogenic view of various narrative forms of vernacular literature. Thus, the article is an attempt to identify some crucial differences between how the two key literary genres of the times — chanson de geste and romance — represent the values crucial to the medieval knight. Chanson de geste praises communal values, and the tale’s hero, rather than an individual knight, is ablood-related family of which he is an integral member. His world is founded on values such as family solidarity and asense of responsibility for the family’s well-being. The romance, on the other hand, champions an individualistic hero, seen in isolation from his ancestral context. In the romance it is friendship, born of asense of shared social mission, that represents human relationships. Admittedly, friendship does play acertain role in the world of chanson de geste, and so do the ancestral ties in the romance. However, their role in either case is disproportionately smaller and, occasionally, both are represented unfavorably. Unlike chanson de geste and the romance, 13th century mystical roman in prose questions the value of both friendship and ancestral ties, unless they are founded on exemplary religiosity.

2

Knights in the Middle Dutch Epos ‘Karel Ende Elegast’

100%

Dowlaszewicz M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2019

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vol. 120

PL

Karel (Charlemagne), Elegast, and Eggeric are the three main protagonists of the medieval Dutch epos Karel ende Elegast. Each of them is a knight, but represents different characteristics. The Monarch, the Outlaw, and the Traitor share some chivalric values but present contrasts in their behaviour. This article examines these three characters and their relationships to chivalry. It focuses on the image of chivalry in the epos, and not on the historical aspects of knighthood. As it is one of the first publications in Poland on Middle Dutch texts, it also outlines the chivalric literature in the medieval Low Countries.

3

Une « résistance tchèque » à la culture courtoise ? Culture chevaleresque et identité nobiliaire dans les textes tchèques du début du XIVe siècle

86%

Météier P.-A.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2018

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issue 1

7-41

EN

The Alexandreida and the Chronicle of Dalimil, written around the beginning of the fourteenth century, are the first two substantial works of secular literature written in Czech. Both reflect the political point of view of the local nobility, and both seek to trace the boundaries of this group, using a range of criteria including language, high birth, wealth, and chivalric virtues. They are, therefore, of prime importance to examine the influence of courtly culture on the Czech nobility. Despite the ubiquity of chivalry in both these texts, they have been used as arguments in favour of the theory that the Czech society resisted courtly culture for at least half a century, preferring a “prechivalric”, “precourtly” or “noncourtly” ideal. The goal of this article is, first, to suggest that the concepts used to build such a theory do not reflect current scholarship on the history of “chivalry” “and courtliness”, and secondly, to propose that neither the Alexandreida nor the Chronicle of Dalimil reveal indisputably and unambiguously a rejection of courtly culture, if the texts are read in their entirety as opposed to isolated extracts. The conclusion is that both authors use courtly culture as a tool of distinction which differentiates the local nobility from foreigners or non-nobles.

4

The heraldic mount from Ciemna Cave at Ojców. From studies in themedieval culture of chivalry

86%

Wojenka M.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2013

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vol. XLVIII

227-263

EN

The focus of the article is analysis of a mount in the form of an heraldic escutcheon from the archaeological excavation of Cciemna Cave at ojców, powiat Kraków, Poland. The shape of the mount appears to be that of a medieval european heater shield, with a maximum length of 3.9 cm and three rivets for attachment. non-destructive metallograpy analysis established its material as copper (with traces of lead and arsenic) and the presence of a thin layer of tin on the outer face of the mount, the tin layer now largely eroded. The rivets are presumably copper too. The design, in repoussé and engraving, presumably is modelled on heraldic devices: the field halved vertically (party per pale), the dexter field with horizontal bars (barry), the sinister field with diagonal bars (bendy). The design seen on the mount could not be attributed to any concrete coat-of-arms. The mount from Ciemna Cave was found to have a series of analogies, mainly from central and western europe, most notably, in a deposit from felsőszentkirály in hungary with fittings similar in their decoration and execution method to the find from Ciemna Cave. Drawing on insights afforded by some of its analogies the author proposes to interpret the mount from ciemna cave as an element from a knight’s belt. This view is supported by the discovery during the archaeological investigation of ciemna cave of another medieval belt fitting. The heraldic mount from ciemna cave may be dated, drawing on the chronology of its analogies and that of the rest of the medieval finds inventory from the cave, to the second half of the thirteenth-fourteenth century. it is not impossible that the mount from Ciemna Cave (similarly as “military” artefacts recovered from the caves of Kraków–Częstochowa Upland) is a material reflection of the legend of ojców — an account on how duke władysław the elbow-high found shelter in the caves of the region, still alive today

5

O aktywności niepodległościowej Polek i ich wpływie na sfeminizowanie pojęcia rycerskości w okresie pierwszej wojny światowej

72%

Grabowski I.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2014

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issue 3

29-44

EN

Author, in presented article, was trying to draw attention to transformations in people's perception of term: chivalry. He proposed a thesis that, World War I brought on feminisation of the mentioned term. Also he listed number of examples attesting to “feminine chivalry”. Women, in mentioned period were acting mainly as: nurses, couriers, they were taking care of distributing the leaflets, sabotage or provision for army. By devoting themselves to the service for their country, those women deserved for adding chivalry, to many more noble attribute which already define them. Chivalry, which to that time was equated as a standard male attribute.

6

Rycerz, wojownik, poeta. Okołoliterackie aspekty kultury rycerskiej na Śląsku i jej czeskie inspiracje

51%

Sawina D.

Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura

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2015

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vol. 1(2)

41-58

EN

One of the effects of the incorporation of Silesia into the Czech political influences between 13th and 14th centuries was the adaptation of the Czech customs by the Silesian Dukes from the royal Piast Dynasty. The frequent visits of the House of Luxembourg to the castles of the knights from the Piast Dynasty and the upbringing in Bohemia might have resulted in the custom of the tournaments. The development of the medieval poetry in Silesia was the result of the visits of famous artists and the compositions created in Silesia were equally valued as the works of Western poets. That was also due to the contacts with Bohemia, where German literature was greatly admired and followed.

7

Ród Wierzbnów herbu Jastrzębiec w średniowiecznych księgach sądowych

44%

Kruszewski T.

Prawo

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2017

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issue 324

89-113

EN

The author presents the chivalric family of Wierzbna of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms, drawing on the surviving medieval court registers. The available court registers from the 14th and 15th centuries make it possible to imagine the functioning of medieval chivalry in legal terms. The picture presented by the author fully corresponds generalisations, to the available information about other chivalric families, an assertion backed by over 700 pages of the author’s analyses of similar cases in courts of the provinces of Małopolska, Wielkopolska or Kujawy and Łęczyca. The court registers from Małopolska include a variety of judgements in property, personal or criminal matters. We find here disputes over estate division, debt settlement, seeking justice after assaults, scuffles or murders. There are many cases concerning debt, some involving Jewish bankers, problems with guarantees etc. The cases involve entire families, sons sue their fathers and there are also cases involving women, who became legitimate parties in legal relations and who pursued their claims to e.g. dowry and bridewealth. This affected particularly Tomek of Karwin, who had six daughters of marriageable age and no male heir, as a result of which his estates passed to the House of Masłowski of the Wieniawa coat of arms.

DE

Der Verfasser stellt die von ihm gewählte ritterliche Familie Wierzbna, des Wappens Jarzębiec auf Grund der erhaltenen mittelalterlichen Gerichtsakten dar. Die Gerichtsbücher aus dem 14. und 15. Jahrhundert erlauben, sich ein Bild davon zu machen, wie das mittelalterliche Rittertum im Rechtsverkehr funktionierte. Die analysierten Quellen bringen Informationen, die auch andere ritterliche Familien betreffen. Diese Feststellung war nach mehr als 700 Seiten von Analysen ähnlicher Entscheidungen der Gerichte Kleinpolens, Großpolens oder von Kujawien--Lentschütz möglich. In den Gerichtsbüchern Kleinpolens befinden sich zahlreiche Entscheidungen in Vermögens-, Personen- und Strafsachen. Sie sprechen über Streitigkeiten betreffend Vermögensteilung, Schuldenabrechnung, Suche nach Gerechtigkeit nach Überfällen, Schlägereien oder nach Todschlag. Es treten jüdische Bankiersleute oder Probleme mit Bürgschaften auf. Vor Gericht gehen ganze Familien, Söhne beklagen die Väter, oft sehen wir Frauen, manchmal auch selbständig, als Parteien in Gerichtssachen, die ihre Rechte z. B. auf Mitgift und Brautpreis geltend machen. Insbesondere war dadurch ein gewisser Tomek aus Karwin betroffen, der sechs Töchter zu verheiraten und keinen männlichen Erben hatte. Infolge dessen gingen seine Güter auf die Familie Masłowski des Wappens Wieniawa über.

8

Mikołaj Kornicz — polski husyta oczami historyka ustroju i prawa

44%

Kruszewski T.

Prawo

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2018

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issue 325

91-103

EN

Mikołaj Kornicz Siestrzeniec was one of the best known Polish participants in the Hussite movement. A lot of information about him, mainly in the form of entries in court registers, has survived, which makes it possible to say that Mikołaj Kornicz was a typical child of his era. Drawing on the example of such a figure, a historian of the state and law can study various actions with regard to their lawfulness (or unlawfulness) at the time.

DE

Mikołaj Kornicz Siestrzeniec war einer der am besten bekannten polnischen Teilnehmer der Hussitenbewegung. Es sind viele, ihn betreffende, mit Quellen belegte Informationen erhalten, hauptsächlich Eintragungen in den Gerichtsbüchern. Anhand dieser Überlieferungen kann festgestellt werden, dass Mikołaj Kornicz ein typisches Kind der Epoche gewesen war und ein Staats- und Rechtshistoriker kann am Beispiel dieses Personentypus verschiedene damals rechtmäßige oder auch rechtswidrige Vorgehensweisen untersuchen.

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