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Performing in Crisis Mode: the Munich National Theater, the Great Exhibition and the Cholera Epidemic in 1854

100%
Wagner M.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2020
|
issue 4(276)
39-61
EN
In 1854, the city of Munich had arranged for the “First General German Industrial Exhibition” to promote German industry to the world and invited a global audience to the event. At the same time, Franz Dingelstedt, director of the National Theater, organized a festival displaying the finest actors from Germany. Right after the opening of the festival, cholera started raging in the city and leaving 3,000 deaths in the final count. The author sketches out the role of the theatre in this crisis, when Dingelstedt was ordered by the king to keep the theatre open at any cost. This appears awkward, in regard to the current global pandemic crisis where theaters have been identified as risk zones for infection and consequently closed down. Why was the theatre at the time considered a safe and appropriate place even helping to counter the disease?
2
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Życie lekarzy w zaborze rosyjskim w świetle korespondencji Józefa Bielińskiego

67%
Magowska A.
Acta Medicorum Polonorum
|
2021
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
43-50
PL
Artykuł stanowi komentarz do przytoczonej poniżej korespondencji Józefa Bielińskiego (1848-1926) – lekarza. W Bibliotece Wróblewskich Litewskiej Akademii Nauk w Wilnie zachowały się bruliony zawierające brudnopisy listów Bielińskiego z lat 1876-1878 i korespondencja do niego kierowana z tego okresu. Wszystkie listy są źródłem wiedzy o życiu polskich lekarzy w zaborze rosyjskim w ostatnim ćwierćwieczu XIX w. Józef Bieliński nie był Litwinem, pochodził z Lubrańca koło Włocławka. Po ukończeniu studiów lekarskich na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim, został skierowany do walki z epidemią cholery w pobliskim miasteczku Kałuszyn. Gdy został tam lekarzem miejskim, z czym łączyła się bardzo niskie wynagrodzenie, mając na utrzymaniu żonę i rodziców, zaczął szukać lepiej płatnej posady. Został dobrowolnie lekarzem w Chołunicy w guberni wiackiej, gdzie Rosjanie zsyłali polskich więźniów politycznych. Przytoczone listy dostarczają szczegółowej wiedzy o warunkach życia i pracy lekarzy polskich w głębi Rosji.
EN
The article presents the life and scientific activity of Józef Bieliński (1848-1926), a doctor. In the Wroblewskis’ Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius, notebooks containing rough drafts of Bielinski's letters and correspondence addressed to him have been preserved. These all letters are a source of knowledge about the life of Polish doctors in the Russian partition of Poland in the last quarter of the 19th century. Although most of his life Bielinski spent in Russia and Lithuania, he was nor a Lithuanian, neither a Russian, but a Pole, born in Lubraniec near Włocławek. After graduating from medical studies at the University of Warsaw, Bielinski was sent to fight the cholera epidemic in the nearby town of Kaluszyn. He became a city doctor soon, which was associated with a low salary. He had to support his wife and parents, hence, he began to look for a better-paid job and found it in the village of Cholunica in the governorate of Wiatka (today Kirow), a very unpleasant place, where the Russians sent Polish political prisoners. The letters from Cholunica provide detailed knowledge about Polish doctors' living and working conditions in the interior of Russia in the 1870s.
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