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MAŁGORZATA BAJON-ROMAŃSKA, „JAK BUDOWANO DREWNIANE KOŚCIOŁY W ŚREDNIOWIECZNEJ MAŁOPOLSCE” Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław 2008

100%

Buchner A.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2008

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issue 1

119-120

EN

The presented publication deals with the traditions of Polish carpentry. While analysing the construction of fifteenth- and sixteenth century monuments the author discussed technical solutions applied for centuries by Polish carpenters. The introduction considers the state of research on historical wooden constructions in Poland and buildings in present-day Polish lands from the most distant past to the Late Middle Ages. Next, the author wrote about 32 wooden churches extant in south-eastern Poland, while detailed descriptions of particular churches in a further part of the publication are supplemented with ground plans and cross sections executed on a uniform scale together with photographs, allowing the reader to become acquainted with the construction and forms of all the monuments. Much attention has been paid to the timber. The author also proposed an extensive outline of the solutions used in the discussed churches, shown in assorted diagrams and photographs. Dr. engineer Małgorzata Bajon-Romańska relied on her professional expertise, and upon the example of a selected church carried out a statistical – structural strength study of the whole construction as well as an analysis of particular trusses. Additional assets are the illustrations: 185 colour photographs and 127 drawings, an excellent supplement of the text, which facilitates understanding the construction solutions employed in the examined churches. The book includes a dictionary of historical construction terms and a copious bibliography.

2

Patronat Zespołu Chemii ZZG INCO nad skansenami w 1970 roku : sprawozdanie z konferencji

86%

Brykowski R., Czajnik M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1971

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issue 2

148-154

3

Pomiędzy autentyzmem a imitacją. Problem rekonstrukcji historycznych konstrukcji ciesielskich

72%

Warchoł M.

Architectus

|

2016

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issue 1(45)

83-95

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę przybliżenia problematyki rekonstrukcji historycznych konstrukcji ciesielskich w obiektach zabytkowych. Pojawiły się one wraz z rozwojem europejskiego konserwatorstwa w początkach XX w. Początkowo związane były jeszcze z nurtem restauracji historycznej, a następnie z odbudową zabytków zniszczonych w czasie obu wojen światowych oraz w wyniku pożarów i katastrof. Zasygnalizowano też pojawienie się w ostatnich latach w pracach remontowych przykładów działań nazywanych rekonstrukcjami dawnych konstrukcji ciesielskich, niemających jednak nic wspólnego z rekonstrukcjami w rozumieniu konserwatorskim, prowadzących do likwidacji autentycznych konstrukcji i zastępowania ich imitacjami nieposiadającymi żadnych wartości zabytkowych.

EN

In the article the author tried to magnify the problematics of reconstructions of historical carpentry constructions in the monumental objects, which have appeared together with the development of European restoration in the beginning of 20th century. First it was connected with the trend of historical restoration and then with the reconstructions monuments destroyed during two world wars and in the consequence of fire or other disasters. The author signaled also appearance, in the recent years, of the examples of activities called reconstructions of the ancient carpentry constructions which don’t have anything in common with the reconstructions in the conservatory understanding and lead to the liquidation of the authentic constructions and their replacement by the imitations with no antique value.

4

Średniowieczne konstrukcje ciesielskie południowego skrzydła zamku kapituły warmińskiej w Olsztynie. Przyczynek do historii zamku

51%

Skarżyńska-Wawrykiewicz M., Wawrykiewicz L.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2015

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issue 2

65-92

EN

The article presents the results of an analysis carried out during the renovation of a roof of the southern wing of the Warmia Chapter in Olsztyn in the years 2013-2014. The renovation of the castle wing roof provided us with the possibility to freely access normally inaccessible places and an opportunity to analyse the form and rules of carpentry structures found in this part of the castle, that is, a roof truss and frame walls from around 1429, including the stock-taking of carpentry joints that are not visible after the structure assembly. Since it was impossible to carry out a conservation analysis of carpentry structures in isolation from the context they are situated in, the research conclusions often have a broader scope and concern the history of the entire southern wing. The example of the Olsztyn castle presented in the article shows a significant role of analyses of historical carpentry structures in chronological order and studies of architecture and construction monuments. Historical and architectural studies of historic carpentry structures, covering a typological analysis of the structure, along with an analysis of carpentry joints, assembly signs, traces of processing and other traces and distinguishing marks, e.g inscriptions, as well as comprehensive archival studies allow chronological breakdown of the sole carpentry structure and determination of relative chronology and stratification of the entire historic building, usually subject to conversions and reconstructions over centuries. As we can see on an example of the discussed monument, studies of historical carpentry structures can often contribute to targeting architectural studies of the entire object, representing a point of departure for stratification of the entire building in many cases. Researchers have not paid much attention to wooden structures of the Olsztyn Castle. As we can speculate, a frame structure of the southern wing yard wall with a secondary masonry work could have been beyond the awareness of castle users and researchers. The level of complexity of frame structures of walls erected along with mezzanine floors and a structure of roof truss attests to the fact that the wooden structure of the granary was erected one of the highly qualified carpentry workshops, established and functioning in the Teutonic Knights state in Prussia in the 14th and 15th centuries under the influence of settlers coming from the West. Broader studies of the typology of medieval frame structures on the territory of former Prussia, especially those applied in secular construction, are seriously hindered due to the low number of preserved fachwerk walls to our times. Therefore, we should all the more indicate the need for preparing detailed documentations and analysing all relics of ancient frame structures, even those – or perhaps especially those – hidden behind subsequent masonry work, which was attempted at demonstrating on the basis of an analysis of medieval carpentry structures of a former granary in the southern wing of the Olsztyn fortress. It is not for the first time that it turns out how important the performance of scientific research during the construction investments carried out in an architecture monument is for its preservation. Not only does it allow us to become familiar with its structural transformations and supplement previous knowledge, but also to verify previous findings. Such simultaneous continuation of scientific research can often influence the construction process itself, allowing potential corrections of initial investment assumptions for the benefit of the monument’s value. As regards the roof of the southern wing of the Olsztyn Castle, the research influenced, among others, the scope and method of conducting carpentry works and the type of reconstructed roof covering. No pre-investment architectural studies carried out at an object that is continuously used cannot contribute to the collection of such a large amount of information about a given monument, as regular, careful supervision exercised by persons with appropriate qualifications, carried out during renovation works.

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1 Warchoł M.

1 Wawrykiewicz L.

MAŁGORZATA BAJON-ROMAŃSKA, „JAK BUDOWANO DREWNIANE KOŚCIOŁY W ŚREDNIOWIECZNEJ MAŁOPOLSCE” Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław 2008

Patronat Zespołu Chemii ZZG INCO nad skansenami w 1970 roku : sprawozdanie z konferencji

Pomiędzy autentyzmem a imitacją. Problem rekonstrukcji historycznych konstrukcji ciesielskich

Średniowieczne konstrukcje ciesielskie południowego skrzydła zamku kapituły warmińskiej w Olsztynie. Przyczynek do historii zamku