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1

I wojna światowa i sposób jej przedstawienia na przykładzie opowiadania Maksima Hareckiego Litewski chutorek

100%

Drozd K.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2018

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XXIII

19-28

EN

Maksim Harecki introduced the subject of war to Belarusian literature. This story, analysed broadly, shows the consequences of the war for each party in the conflict. This is seen in the construction of the story, based on contrast and the diversified language of the narrative.

2

How to Reveal the Constructed Worlds: the Budapest Riots 2006

88%

Fogarasi M., Kovács I.

Internal Security

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2016

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vol. 8(1)

19-40

EN

This empirical study is aimed at exploring one important social psychological aspect of two significant, politically motivated clashes that happened in Budapest in 2006. The multiple effects of these mass demonstrations can be detected even today. Both the 18 September 2006 event at the HQ of Hungarian State Television and the 23 October 2006 event in the inner part of Budapest gave rise to considerable and immediate interest across the whole of Hungarian society. The study represents the so called social representations both of the policemen and civilians who participated in the clashes. Through the results of this research the reader may understand the common interpretations – that have been created through social construction – of those who were involved in the events. Method: Some 42 interviewees were involved in the study. We used semi-structured interview-techniques. The texts were analysed according to the sequential-transformative-model, which combines both the qualitative and the quantitative techniques of content (text) analysis. Results: The groups have constructed some different representations constituting their interpretations relating to what happened there in Budapest, as well as how and why. Finally, the shared constructs constitute the partly differing realities of the members of those groups. Conclusion: The existence of those realities outlines the definitive aspect of the process of social construction, namely, it depends fundamentally on the nature of the social relations in which the actors are positioned, which in turn, through the perspectives taken, influences the process of applying different meanings and explanations to events that appear to be the same.

3

The Principle of Non-Combatant Immunity – Interpretations, Challenges, Suggestions

88%

Švaňa L.

Human Affairs

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 4

421-429

EN

The article deals with one of the most problematic principles of just war theory. It looks at the usage of the terms civilian, innocent and non-combatant and suggests how they can be interpreted. The principle of non-combatant immunity remains a real challenge for just war theory in the 21st century as it is designed to protect a specific group of people in times of war. The article considers the problematic issue of targeting non-combatants in war times as well as suggesting how we might better comprehend the problem.

4

„Licht ist das sicherste Bombenziel”. Przyczynek do badań nad zaciemnianiem źródeł światła w Festung Breslau w 1945 roku

88%

Rosner-Leszczyński K.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2022

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vol. 77

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issue 1

45-59

EN

This article focuses on obligations related to blackout which were imposed on the inhabitants of Festung Breslau. It analyzes documents issued by the Fortress Command, the local press (Schlesische Tageszeitung), and written relations in the form of memoirs and diaries. All of these were collected by Horst Gleiss in the source edition Breslauer Apokalypse 1945.

5

Civilians in the Line of Fire in the Light of Catholic Social Teaching

88%

Michael B., Salesian Pontifical University in Rome S. T. S. i. J., bijumsdb@hotmail.com

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2015

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vol. 18

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issue 4

EN

In our world today, afflicted by wars between States, by conflict between groups within States, and by the scourge of terrorism, civilians constitute the ‘vast majority of casualties in situations of armed conflict’ (UN Security Council, Resolution 1894, 2009). Civilian victims of documented and un-documented armed conflicts and their destructive consequences run in the millions. An overwhelming majority of the dead, injured, disabled are civilians and damages caused by armed conflicts primarily affect the civilian infrastructure and the basic resources of subsistence of entire populations. Civilians today are in the line of fire not only as a side effect of war. Increasingly, they are becoming the prime and intentional targets of combatants and armed elements. ‘Political and military designs supersede basic respect for the dignity and rights of persons and communities’ (Migliore 2009) and civilians are becoming deliberate targets and means for achieving political or military gains. They are even being used as a human shield for armed advancement. The menace of civilian deaths in the line of fire is of utmost concern for all humanity, for all religions, and for Christianity. Among the foundational teachings on which the Catholic perspective to this important issue of placing civilians in the line of fire is based, we can identify three core beliefs: a) all human beings are equal in dignity and their life is sacred; b) the right and duty to defend the life and common good from unjust aggressors; c) the permanent validity of the moral law forbidding murder even in the context of armed conflicts. After considering these the paper studies some of the ways in which the Catholic Church responds to the situation of civilians caught in the line of fire.

6

Diary notes – Aurelia Wyleżyńska’s Diary from the Occupied Warsaw

75%

Pawlak G., Urynowicz M., Pawlak G., Urynowicz M.

Historie. Jahrbuch des Zentrums für Historische Forschung Berlin der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

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2020

7

Ungarische Zivilisten von Klausenburg in sowjetische Gefangenschaft 1944–1949

75%

Murádin J. K.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 1

79-93

EN

The study deals with the capturing of prisoners by the Red Army, taking control over Transylvania in the fall of 1944. More precisely, it presents the deportation of Hungarian civilians from Kolozsvár (today: Cluj-Napoca, Romania), took over in only a few days, immediately after the entering of the Soviet troops in the city, in October 1944. The main objective of this study is to realize an analysis on this capturing, in order to present the methods used by the Soviet Union in collecting manpower for rebuilding of the country, all over Eastern Europe, at the end ofWorldWar II. There are described the circumstances of capturing the prisoners, the number of those taken away, the routes of their deportation, the locations of the forced labour camps, the length of the captivity, the number of the victims, and the return of the survivors. With these alltogether, the study aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on a theme being taboo for fourty years under the communist regime in Romania. The source material of the study consists of archival data, specialist books, scientific articles, essays, published recollections, memoires and interviews with survivors made by the author

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1 Acta Polono-Ruthenica

1 Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

1 Historie. Jahrbuch des Zentrums für Historische Forschung Berlin der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

1 Human Affairs

1 Internal Security

1 West Bohemian Historical Review

1 Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

1 Drozd K.

1 Fogarasi M.

1 Kovács I.

1 Michael B.

1 Murádin J. K.

1 Pawlak G.

1 Rosner-Leszczyński K.

1 Salesian Pontifical University in Rome S. T. S. i. J.

1 Urynowicz M.

1 bijumsdb@hotmail.com

1 Švaňa L.

1 2022

1 2020

1 2018

2 2016