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EN
The article carries out the two track analysis. The frst part discusses the complexity of the private military companies' regulation in the light of modern changes of the warfare and concerns raised on the possible violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. The second part describes the Swiss Initiative (with focus to the Montreux Document and the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers) established by the main stakeholders. The article aims to present to which extent the bottom-up initiatives may satisfy the legal standards of industry regulation.
EN
The article carries out the two track analysis. The frst part discusses the complexity of the private military companies' regulation in the light of modern changes of the warfare and concerns raised on the possible violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. The second part describes the Swiss Initiative (with focus to the Montreux Document and the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers) established by the main stakeholders. The article aims to present to which extent the bottom-up initiatives may satisfy the legal standards of industry regulation.
EN
Suppliers are important links in the value chain of modern enterprises. The rapid changes that are happening on the market now were an impulse for the development of concepts that help to manage such a complex environment. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) may support the development of sustainable supply chains. The management of social issues in supply chains is becoming more and more important. The main reasons for that is the increasing risk of undesirable situations in supply chains that can cause real problems for business. One of possible responds of business is the implementation of code of conduct or code of ethics addressed to suppliers. This paper presents the potential role of codes of ethics and codes of conduct as tools that support the management of social and environmental issues of supply chain. Theoretical considerations will be supported by a qualitative analysis of codes of ethics and codes of conduct published by socially responsible companies from Poland (on the basis on IX Ranking Odpowiedzialnych Firm).
PL
Mediation is a new institution in administrative proceedings aims to provide a partnership approach of the administration to citizens and to enable which participation of the public in administrative governance. However, the introduction of mediation into administrative proceedings raises doubts as to its practical applicability, especially given the current reluctance of administration to the binding provisions of the agreement in view of the fact that mediation proceedings bring many unquestionable benefits also to the administration, there is a hope that it will adapt better than in judicial-administrative proceedings, where it is not applied.
EN
Research background: The morality and sustainability depend upon the active engagement of all stakeholders. Businesses might have to observe minimum standards via their corporate social responsibility (CSR), but this does not imply any mandatory and enforceable requirements for their internal documents. Crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic magnify differences and might impact the perception and commitment to ethics and modify preferences. Purpose of the article: Since it is up to each and every business whether it will issue Codes of Ethics or Codes of Conduct (Codes) and how they will project ethical principles, values and concerns in them, it is both illuminative and instrumental to conduct a massive theoretical and literature review, to identify five aspects for exploration of  Codes: (i) human nature (ii) moral values (iii) ethical principles, (iv) reasoning and (v) sustainability pillars, and to perform such an exploration via a case study at the dawn of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Based on a massive theoretical and literature review, five aspects for exploration have been identified and employed in a case study involving twenty Codes of the largest Czech businesses, while focusing on their preferences. This is to be achieved by a holistic advanced content analysis employing meta-analysis and manual Delphi method with Likert scoring by a panel of experts. Findings & value added: The case study reveals that generally Codes prefer (i) Socrates´ perception of human nature, (ii) respect and responsibility as moral values, (iii) the principle of solidarity, (iv) social contract and deontological reasoning and (v) the sustainability social pillar. These findings demonstrate discrepancies and inconsistencies between and also within  these Codes, which often paternalistically reject the multi-stakeholder approach that is needed to overcome COVID-19. This litigates for the appropriateness of this new methodology and encourages further longitudinal case studies entailing more jurisdictions and industries.
Organizacija
|
2011
|
vol. 44
|
issue 3
62-66
EN
Codes of conduct and codes of ethics are a way of ensuring that positive impact in the community prevails. Tertiary education environments that have standardised ICT management show higher quality of performance if compared to those that have not yet standardised it. Moreover, characteristic of these environments is their strong willingness for change. University is a place of scientific communication and, thus, ICT and especially the Internet represent the entry point into a new developmental phase to which the best universities are strongly dedicated. In this way, ethics returns to the core of the mission undertaken by higher education institutions. Many countries around the world are adopting National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) that have been developed and are continuously updated within the ISTE Association and at the same time represent a code of conduct for students, faculty teachers, administrators and all others involved in high-quality study. Those standards must be supported by codes of ethics as they depend on the compliance with the relevant moral values.
EN
The author discusses various aspects of ethical conduct, referring to both individual officials and the public administration as a whole, in the sense of good governance. She underlines that the main ethical challenge for officials (seen as executors of public tasks) is to be responsive to the needs of the society in any type of activity falling within the competence of administrative bodies, such as designing new regulations and deciding on specific administrative matters. Considering the significance of public administration for the development of the society, the foundations of ethical conduct of officials are largely defined already in administrative law. The work of the officials is not mechanistic but rather involves the creation of law - although at a purely instrumental level - and is therefore responsible and ethically determined. Officials fulfil their mission as long as they act lawfully within the scope of their powers and comprehend the purpose of law, which is to protect general social benefit and public interest, together with human or legally protected rights and individual interests. Within the limits of their powers and regulations, they are called to solve life issues. Thus, they contribute to democratic and effective administration. The paper provides an analysis of selected aspects, dilemmas and practices arising at the level of individuals and the Slovene administrative system as a whole, at the intersection between work ethics, administrative law and good public administration. In terms of legal principles and ethical codes, Slovenia is considered a rather successful European country; nevertheless, in order to raise general awareness and put the officials’ ethics in practice, a more proactive approach to governance and management is needed.
EN
Space Traffic Management (STM) is a new concept referring to space activities. The highest priority is the safety and security of outer space and all conducted operations. There is no definition of STM. There is an urgent need to regulate STM providing safety and security regulations at the international, regional, and national levels. Because there is no STM definition, the regulator might use the example of existing regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Air Traffic Management (ATM). European EUSST is a good example of being a “precursor” of STM. However, many questions are still open regarding specific regulations needed to create an STM system, such as at which level they should be made: globally, regionally, or nationally.
EN
This article concerns the Warsaw period in the life and work of Helena Modrzejewska. The years 1869-1876 are the least researched and described period in the entire career of this actress. The article refers to Zbigniew Raszewski’s essay ‘Modrzejewska-warszawianka’ (‘Modrzejewska the Varsavian’), debating the significance of the experience of the Krakow theatre in Modrzejewska’s work. In the light of a factual analysis, he presents the actress as a Drama Artist of Warsaw theatres, posing questions about the evaluation of the experience of working on the Warsaw stage in the context of her career. The methodological framework of the article is an attempt to see the principles of realistic idealism, i.e. the model style of the art of acting in the nineteenth century, not only in the actress’s stage performance, but also in social life and the iconographic material based on Jan Mieczkowski’s photographs.
PL
This article concerns the Warsaw period in the life and work of Helena Modrzejewska. The years 1869-1876 are the least researched and described period in the entire career of this actress. The article refers to Zbigniew Raszewski’s essay Modrzejewska – a Varsovian, debating the significance of the experience of the Krakow theatre in Modrzejewska’s work. In the light of a factual analysis, he presents the actress as a Drama Artist of Warsaw theatres, posing questions about the evaluation of the experience of working on the Warsaw stage in the context of her career. The methodological framework of the article is an attempt to see the principles of realistic idealism, i.e. the model style of the art of acting in the nineteenth century, not only in the actress’s stage performance, but also in social life and the iconographic material based on Jan Mieczkowski’s photographs.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię rozbieżności między zapisami kodeksów etyki zawodowej public relations (PR) i działaniami obserwowanymi na rynku. Brak możliwości skutecznej egzekucji zapisów kodeksów etycznych wynika zdaniem autorki opracowania ze słabości branży public relations w Polsce. Dlatego też dbałość o utrwalanie wartości etycznych w zakresie PR powinna być przedmiotem skutecznej strategii opracowanej i realizowanej przez same stowarzyszenia branży public relations.
EN
This article aims at analyzing the subject of discrepancy between principles recorded in the ethical codes of PR branch and observed market activities. According to the author, the lack of effective execution of PR ethics legislation is a result of the weakness of the Polish PR branch. Therefore, solicitude concerning ethical values in PR fi eld should be implemented based on strategy elaborated by PR professional associations.
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