Search results

1

Psycho-physiological Recorder — Seeking Inspiration from the Polygraph

100%

Zubańska M., Bonus-Dzięgo A.

Internal Security

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2014

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vol. 6(2)

135-152

EN

The effectiveness of uniformed officers is determined by many factors, but special significance is attributed to cognitivecompetence. The requirement to develop cognitive functions is the solution to meeting the new challenges constantly posed bychanging situations. The Police Academy, Szczytno, has created the concept of a developmental project entitled The Developmentof an Interactive Psycho-stimulator Trainer for Police Officers to meet the need for the development of cognitive skills in uniformedofficers. The main objective of the project is to develop and implement an innovative diagnostic and training system forthe evaluation and stimulation of cognitive and psychomotor skills in police officers. An additional feature of the system will bea psycho-physiological module designed for training in coping with stress and an advanced system enabling quick and effectiveassessment of the performance of the mental functions of officers prior to commencing particularly difficult and dangerous duties.Self-awareness of tension and physiological changes caused by the performance of difficult tasks is a very important issue, whichis the basis for the evolution of the response in, for example, critical situations. At the commencement of work on the conceptof the module, priority was given to the functionality and mobility of the device. It was assumed that the user could connect simplesensors to the finger of the left or right hand and carry out game tasks requiring perception, attention, skills of analysis and decisionmaking.The system reads the psycho-physiological parameters of the user and at the end of the game or test reports the changesin the level of stress in the physiological sphere. After performing several tasks, the user will be able to assess the effects of theirtraining. The use of the recorder module will enable individuals to control the level of the measured variables, so that they gainknowledge about their reactions of which they are often unaware and which have a significant impact on the actions that they take.

2

Limitations and potential in people on the autism spectrum in the area of mathematical skills in the light of available scientific research

100%

Zdziechowska-Dzierzgwa K.

Szkoła Specjalna

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2019

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vol. LXXX(2)

85-94

EN

The article presents basic autism terminology and the current diagnostic criteria. Then, the author focuses on presenting the findings of research on the limitations and potential of people on the autism spectrum in the area of cognitive functions and mathematical skills. The question about the abilities of people with autism remains an unsettled issue. Are the abilities of people on the autism spectrum mechanically learned skills where purely and simply a mechanical factor dominates, or is it possible to see a creative factor in this type of skills? The author is interested in children with autism learning to count. It is an important element of the development of adults and children with autism, but it has not been fully studied. There has not been enough research conducted in this area. The deliberations presented will possibly allow interested people and future researchers to take up this topic with its various aspects and areas.

3

Feeling of loneliness in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

100%

Siedler A., Waligórska A., Woś J., Kałowski P.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2020

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issue Special issue

46-54

EN

A key characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are the difficulties in social interaction, comprising deficits in communication, reflecting of emotional states, and social competences. Difficulties in establishing and maintaining social relationships and functioning in peer groups are also frequent, which can lead to intense feelings of loneliness. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between the sense of loneliness, the intensity of autism spectrum traits, and cognitive functioning – especially verbal fluency. Fifty adolescents with ASD, aged between 13 and 19 years, together with 50 typically developing adolescents took part in the study. The study had a questionnaire character and used the Polish versions of the De Jong Gierveld Sense of Loneliness Scale and the adolescent version of Simon Baron-Cohen’s Autism Quotient Questionnaire. The participants’ cognitive functioning was tested during individual in-person meetings. The results showed that the sense of loneliness is related both to the presence of ASD as well as the intensity of its expression. Some relationships between the sense of loneliness and cognitive functioning test results were also revealed in the group of adolescents with ASD. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the perception of loneliness by ASD adolescents might be moderated by their level of cognitive functioning. However, these conclusions require further studies, which should include additional measures of cognitive functioning.

4

The impact of physical activity on the cognitive fitness of the elderly – a review

100%

Marszałek A., Kasperczyk T., Walaszek R., Burdacka K.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2022

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issue 4

470-477

EN

Introduction and aim. The issues of humans’ ageing are more and more frequently addressed in the relevant literature. Most commonly, people follow three ageing trajectories: a normal one, disease-affected one, and a healthy one. The purpose of this article is to present a relationship between physical activity and occurrence of cognitive function impairment in the elderly. Material and methods. This paper is a narrative review. Based on a literature search, various forms of physical activity are presented, as well as the effects of physical activity on mitigation of cognitive disorders in the elderly. The following databases were used: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar. Analysis of the literature. One of the most important factors that promote healthy ageing is regular physical activity. Many studies and publications have addressed this issue. The relationships between physical activity and cognitive fitness have been less studied. Conclusion. The results of the studies presented in this article may form the basis for more in-depth analyses and, in a longterm perspective, for the development of optimal preventive and therapeutic strategies using broadly understood physical activity to maintain cognitive fitness of the elderly.

5

Does personality matter in translation? interdisciplinary research into the translation process and product

88%

Lehka-Paul O., Whyatt B.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2016

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vol. 52

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issue 2

317-349

EN

The paper reports on the first pilot study planned within a broader interdisciplinary research project on translator’s personality profile viewed from the psychological and cognitive perspectives. The study aims to test the assumption that there is a link between personality features and translation performance. It is our initial attempt to incorporate translation process research and product evaluation into the investigation of personality factors involved in translation. Two major directions of analysis have been selected: personality traits as related to the quality of the translation product, and cognitive functions as related to the process of translation. The tentative conclusions confirm the idea that personality characteristics are important building blocks for further development of translation competence and expertise.

6

Diagnostika kognitivních funkcí u léčených klientů s anamnézou dlouhodobého užívání návykových látek

88%

Krupčík O., Charvát M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

|

2014

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vol. 5

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issue Supplement

89-105

EN

Clients in treatment and aftercare programmes with a history of long-term abuse of substances like alcohol, cannabis, methamphetamine or heroin often exhibit serious problems while coming back to the working process and managing complex responsibilities and difficulties. It is very important to find a job in the aftercare process for many reasons. It is a source of living, it enables clients to plan their own housing, and it makes repayment of debts possible. Job is also important for establishing new social relations which are not connected with problematic drug environment. Last but not least employment contributes to a reconstruction of a healthy rhythm of life and meaningful spending of time. Thus it is very important for decreasing a probability of a relapse. This process can be disrupted by the deteriorated cognitive functioning. These problems may not be evident in an everyday life routine while talking with friends or performing automatic activities, but can be evident in demanding working tasks, because the job usually requires concentration, memory, decision making etc. The Goal of this study is an evaluation of potential benefits an individual cognitive performance assessment can have in treatment and aftercare. The paper summarizes pilot research in which a complete Neuro-psychological battery of diagnostic methods such as Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Verbal fluency Test (FAS), Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Stroop Colour Word Test (SCWT) and Numeric square is used for assessment of cognitive functions of a small sample of treated clients (N=24). We present two case histories with detailed results. In some cases, in line with the expectations, the worsened cognitive functioning is evident. We recommend a cognitive training focused on attention and memory for three clients. In other cases, surprisingly, we can find normal cognitive functions quality, but another obstruction for optimal performance, such as enhanced anxiety, can be detected. Probably, long-term drug abusers can have a larger tendency to be anxious, due to a problematical self-image and fighting other difficulties. An effect of comorbidity should also be taken into account. A depression or anxious syndromes or other common problems can take their part anyway. But it is important to notify that in our sample are not present any confirmed psychiatric diagnoses other than the syndrome of dependence. Standard aftercare programmes devote a lot of attention to another aspect of a treatment like psychosocial, physical and/or socioeconomic issues, but the cognitive assessment and the cognitive training is not a standard part of their effort. We believe that individualized and detailed assessment of cognitive functions of clients in the aftercare programmes can contribute to creating an optimal therapeutic plan which has a larger chance to be effective and successful. This paper is a pilot study for a more extensive quantitative study with larger number of clients in which we will try to compare specific effect of different kind of drugs. We would like to describe the long-term effect of abuse of drugs like alcohol, cannabis, methamphetamine and heroin. Negative effects of drugs for human cognitive functioning are evident. But we can't say that an effect of specific drugs itself is the only cause. Patterns of use, combinations with other substances, and effects of additives or regime of life and so on are also very important. From the point of view of methodology, this area is therefore rather problematic. We would like to bring more awareness of this theme using already tested battery of psychodiagnostic methods.

7

METODA INSTRUMENTAL ENRICHMENT JAKO FILOZOFIA POMAGANIA - ZNACZENIE MEDIACJI I DIALOGU

88%

SKAŁBANIA B.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2018

|

issue 1

137-147

EN

It is not a discovery that help and philosophy remain in close relationships, regardless of the area of treatment or individual support. The strength of the relationship is first of all recognized in medicine, but it is also present in psychology and it concerns the functioning of the person in the physical and mental dimensions. This article presents the subject of support in education, understood as remedial intervention for developmental disruptions and educational difficulties of children. It ha a theoretical character and its aim is to show a new philosophy of providing assistance based on the assumptions of the Instrumental Enrichment method. It is focused on developing the child's cognitive functions while concentrating on thinking and process, minimizing the role of the effect when performing tasks. The author juxtaposes the philosophy of the help process in traditional / classical terms with the new philosophy of helping describing the aforementioned changes. The content of the article is to encourage teachers / therapists to reflect on the process of helping / therapy in pedagogical terms.

8

Gry komputerowe a funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne. Przegląd aktualnych doniesień naukowych

75%

Modzelewski P., Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak W.

Konteksty Pedagogiczne

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2018

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vol. 2

|

issue 11

105-118

EN

Computer games are important area of culture. It has been presen-ted that computer games may have positive impact on cognitive functions and personality development. Moreover, computer games are no longer categorised mainly negativly as behavioral addictions.The aim of this article is to present the results of publications focused on im-pact of computer games on the psychosocial functioning of children and adults.

PL

Gry komputerowe stanowią istotny obszar kultury nowych me-diów. W ostatnim czasie prezentowane są badania skupiające się na pozytywnym wpływie gier komputerowych na rozwój poznawczy oraz osobowościowy. Zmie-nia się ponadto dominująca narracja badaczy, gry komputerowe nie są omawiane już głównie przez pryzmat uzależnień behawioralnych.Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań obejmujących wpływ gier komputerowych na funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne dzieci oraz dorosłych.

9

Deprese a kognitivní funkce - současné perspektivy

75%

Věchetová G., Paštrnák M., Ševčíková M., Bartošková M., Preiss M.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2019

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vol. 63

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issue 5

562-575

EN

The review summarizes the knowledge and specific findings about cognitive functioning in depression. Although decades of research on depressive disorder have pointed out cognitive impairment might be linked to depression, a number of meta-analyses indicated that cognitive impairment is not necessarily present in all individuals suffering from this disorder. On the other hand, apart from classical neuropsychological studies there is a growing body of research calling attention to the improvement of some cognitive processes linked to the negative affect with the overreach to depressive affect. The review focuses on these inconsistencies and discusses the methodology of the research on depression, which lacks unity. Last but not the least, attention is drawn to the role of cognition in the course of depression with considerations of how the methodology of research can help to identify it. Furthermore, suggestions for future research are proposed to bring more clarity into this complex matter.

CS

Článek pojednává o dosavadních poznatcích a specifických nálezech v oblasti kognitivního fungování u depresivní poruchy. Ačkoli desítky let výzkumu depresivní poruchy ukazují na kognitivní oslabení spojené s touto poruchou, řada metaanalýz naznačuje, že kognitivní deficit není přítomen u všech jedinců trpících depresí. Vedle klasických neuropsychologických studií existuje také řada výzkumů, které poukazují naopak na zlepšení některých funkcí při prožívání negativního afektu a dokonce i v průběhu depresivní poruchy. Příspěvek se věnuje těmto inkonzistencím a dále se zabývá metodologií výzkumu deprese, která rovněž vykazuje nejednotnost. V neposlední řadě je věnována pozornost celkové roli kognice v rozvoji depresivní poruchy s řešením otázky, jakým způsobem může použitá metodologie výzkumu pomoci rozklíčovat roli kognitivních aspektů u deprese. Na závěr jsou pak navržena opatření, která by v budoucím výzkumu mohla vnést světlo do řešení této problematiky.

10

Gry komputerowe a funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne. Przegląd aktualnych doniesień naukowych

75%

Modzelewski P., Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak W.

Konteksty Pedagogiczne

|

2018

|

vol. 2

|

issue 11

105-118

EN

Computer games are important area of culture. It has been presen-ted that computer games may have positive impact on cognitive functions and personality development. Moreover, computer games are no longer categorised mainly negativly as behavioral addictions.The aim of this article is to present the results of publications focused on im-pact of computer games on the psychosocial functioning of children and adults.

PL

Gry komputerowe stanowią istotny obszar kultury nowych me-diów. W ostatnim czasie prezentowane są badania skupiające się na pozytywnym wpływie gier komputerowych na rozwój poznawczy oraz osobowościowy. Zmie-nia się ponadto dominująca narracja badaczy, gry komputerowe nie są omawiane już głównie przez pryzmat uzależnień behawioralnych.Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań obejmujących wpływ gier komputerowych na funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne dzieci oraz dorosłych.

11

Аксиологическая парадигма музыкального произведения

75%

Rusak M.

Heteroglossia - studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2021

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issue 11

181-190

EN

The main purpose of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of axiologization of a musical work and the process of creation and perception of music. The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between the cognitive functions of music and the way in which its values are conveyed by the composer, the work itself, the performer/musicologist and the listener. The object of the research was the evaluative components of the interaction between participants in the scheme given above and responses to the theme of music, contained in the scientific monograph of the musicologist Heinrich Neuhaus Тhe Art of Piano Playing. The relevance of the study manifested the need for expand the knowledge base about the cognitive processes of music perception. The analysis revealed that the axiological component is present at every stage of the perception of a musical work and is associated with the cognitive sphere of human activity. The concept of performing a musical work requires the use of special means of expression, including metaphors, comparisons and associations. Moreover, social and philosophical functions of axiologization of music have been revealed in the article. They were investigated from an anthropocentric perspective in the terms of value interaction between musical art and human world and vice versa.

12

Linguistic Disorders in Alcohol Dependence – in Search of Methodology

75%

Ciszewska-Psujek U.

Logopedia

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2017

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vol. 46 EN

139-155

EN

Alcohol dependence is the chronic disease which damages many systems and organs. The toxic influence of alcohol on the central nervous system leads to durable numbers and size reduction of neurons and neural connections, especially within the frontal structures, the limbic system and the cerebellum. These changes have the consequence in cognitive impairments including executive cognitive impairments and memory deficits and emotional information processing disorder. Cognitive deficits, in turn, affect the way of understanding human reality and the opportunity to represent it in the language behavior. Diagnosis of speech disorders in the persons depended on alcohol can be accomplished by evaluating the narrative skills that reflect the knowledge of the world included in the human mind, what is more – the way of cognitive world representation. The article is an innovative (on the ground of logopedia) attempt to define the research methodology, that will allow to describe the language disorder in alcoholism.

13

The Role of the Media in Upbringing Children of Pre-school Age

75%

Skoczek A.

Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education

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2017

|

issue 12

87-106

EN

This article is a voice in discussion related to the role of mass media in educating and upbringing children in pre-school age. Human being in current times is best described as homo mediorum, who more or less depends from digital media. Those behaviours and other media related addictions are being transmitted to children nearly from the very first day of their lives. What are the consequences of that? Unfortunately, most of the consequence are negative. Research shows there are difficulties with language acquisition, selective attention, correct development of cognitive functions and it may even lower the intelligence level. Summarising it is clear that electronic media do not support education. What about upbringing? Mass media generate difficulties in interpersonal relations, lead to aggression, lack of empathy and addictions. Conclusion? It is impossible to withdraw mass media from children lives but let us try to decrease their influence in the lives of the youngest children.

14

Psychology goes molecular. Epigenetics of learning

63%

Barciszewski j., Gurda D., Paluchowski W. J., Hornowska E., Jasielska A.

Nauka

|

2016

|

issue 4

PL

The challenge for psychology is to integrate findings from genetics and environmental (social, biological, chemical) factors, into the study of human behavior and deep understanding of the emergence of different changes in the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the nervous system that influence the mental health. Currently, cognitive abilities associated with learning and memory, reasoning, problem solving, and developing relationships are in scope of molecular psychology, which is the study of behavior and its underlying brain systems using the tools of molecular biology. However, studies have demonstrated that DNA sequence variations and rare mutations account for only a small fraction of the risk for inheritance of personality traits and mental illness. The large unaccounted heritability of personality traits and mental health suggest that additional molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved. Various complex gene-environment interactions can lead to different phenotypes. These structural changes may be crucial for the development of mature neural networks that support emotional, cognitive, and social behavior. The generation of different morphology, physiology, and behavioral outcomes from a single genome in response to changes in the environment forms the basis for phenotypic plasticity, which is fundamental to the way organisms cope with environmental variation, navigate the present world, and solve future problems. Epigenetics has major implications for psychology and gives the new answer for the old question- what is the biochemical basis of learning. It is bringing back the leading role of environment and behavior, by including their effects on genome function. In addition, it opens up the possibility of memory being stored in the epigenome, so that our experiences may be embedded in our genome by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics can be described as the study of the complex interactions underlying the development of an organism over its lifetime.

15

Zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych w schizofrenii – wybrane aspekty

63%

Jędrzejczyk I.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia

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2020

|

vol. 33

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issue 2

EN

Advanced research of cognitive disfunctions in schizophrenia has been carried out for several decades. However, their significance has been noticed already in 19th century. The extend of the research broadens, and their results become more detailed. The aim of this article was to present observations related to the nature of cognitive disorders and to recognize and understand their consequences in the disease process. Cognitive disfunctions, previously threated as secondary in relation to the basic psychopathological process, nowadays are recognized as separate aspect of schizophrenia. It has to be taken into account that there are differences in cognitive disfunctions manifesting in prodromal symptoms, acute episode and in remissions. An interesting research problem is decrease in the insight which – in moderate to severe degree – affects majority of patients with schizophrenia. It is recognized that cognitive disfunctions may be the background of the decrease in the insight. The article underscores the necessity of drawing attention to precise and detailed psychological diagnostics. It has to be remembered that incorrect diagnosis of cognitive disfunctions may lead to oversight or even conscious marginalizing their impact on patient’s behavior, which further leads to undertaking inappropriate therapeutic activities. Observations expressed it the article may form basis to formulate further conclusions and possible therapeutic research.

PL

Badania nad znaczeniem dysfunkcji poznawczych w schizofrenii prowadzone są w zaawansowanym stopniu od kilkudziesięciu lat, chociaż ich ważność została zauważona już w XIX w. Zakres badań jest coraz szerszy, a rezultaty – coraz bardziej szczegółowe. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie spostrzeżeń dotyczących istoty zaburzeń poznawczych w przebiegu schizofrenii oraz dostrzeżenie ich konsekwencji w procesie chorobowym. Dysfunkcje kognitywne, uważane niegdyś za zaburzenia wtórne wobec podstawowego procesu psychopatologicznego, obecnie traktowane są jako odrębny aspekt schizofrenii. Należy mieć także na uwadze różnice, jakie pojawiają się w dysfunkcjach poznawczych widocznych zarówno w objawach prodromalnych, ostrym epizodzie, jak i remisji choroby. Interesującym zagadnieniem badawczym jest obniżenie wglądu, które (w umiarkowanym lub znacznym nasileniu) dotyczy znaczącej liczby chorych na schizofrenię. Uznaje się, że podłożem ograniczenia wglądu również mogą być deficyty poznawcze. W artykule podkreślono konieczność zwrócenia uwagi na dokładną i szczegółową diagnostykę psychologiczną. Należy pamiętać, że nietrafna diagnoza zaburzeń funkcji poznawczych może prowadzić do przeoczenia lub świadomego zbagatelizowania (!) ich wpływu na funkcjonowanie pacjenta, a co za tym idzie do podjęcia nieodpowiednich działań terapeutycznych. Spostrzeżenia zawarte w artykule mogą być podstawą do formułowania dalszych wniosków i hipotez oraz poszukiwania możliwości terapeutycznych.

16

Deficyty poznawcze w alalii

63%

Bielenda-Mazur E.

Logopedia

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2019

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vol. 48

|

issue 2

205-222

PL

Artykuł jest próbą syntetycznego ujęcia trudności ujawniających się w sferach poznawczych u dzieci z alalią. Prezentowane wyniki stanowią wycinek szerzej zakrojonych badań prowadzonych od 2015 roku z udziałem dzieci z tym zaburzeniem w różnym wieku. W niniejszym tekście zostały zaprezentowane studia nad rozwojem dzieci z alalią pomiędzy 36. a 42. miesiącem życia. Do badania wykorzystano dwa narzędzia: Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test SON-R 2½-7 – autorstwa T.J. Tellegen, M. Winkel, B.J. Wijnberg-Williams, J.A. Laros i SWM. Przesiewowy test do badania zagrożenia dysleksją dzieci od 3. do 7. roku życia – Jagody Cieszyńskiej i Marty Korendo. Oprócz analizy wyników badań własnych przedstawiono też istotne wnioski płynące z badań funkcji poznawczych prowadzonych w innych ośrodkach na świecie.

EN

The article is an attempt at a synthetic approach to the difficulties revealed in cognitive functions in children with Specific Language Impairment. It is based on the autor`s studies on the development of children between 36 and 42 months of age affected by SLI. The results indicated here are a part of more extensive research conducted since 2015 on children with that disorder. Two tools were used for the study: The Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test SON-R 2½-7 – by T.J. Tellegen, M. Winkel, B.J. Wijnberg-Williams, J.A. Laros and The SWM Screening tool for the risk for dyslexia in children from 3 to 7 years old by Jagoda Cieszyńska and Marta Korendo. In addition to the analysis of the results of own research, significant conclusions from the study of cognitive functions are also shown.

17

Politologia – między akademickością, użytkowością i medialnością

63%

Karwat M.

Studia Krytyczne/ Critical Studies

|

2016

|

issue 3

101-119

PL

W funkcjonowaniu nauki o polityce w Polsce narasta mocne napięcie między wymogami naukowości, praktycznego nastawienia i zaprogramowania oraz regułami medialności w popularyzacji dorobku i analitycznych kompetencji politologów. Nasze środowisko nie umie sobie z tym poradzić. Politologia zachowuje naukowy charakter pod tym warunkiem, że jej funkcje poznawcze mają charakter autoteliczny, choć nie wyklucza to praktycznych zastosowań uzyskanej wiedzy. W praktyce dominują jednak wąsko utylitarne, wulgarnopragmatyczne wyobrażenia o pożytkach z nauki. Skutkiem ich narzucania przez polityków i urzędników jest redukcja poznawczych ambicji politologów, doraźny horyzont i banalizacja badań, powielanie ideologiczno-propagandowych pseudoaksjomatów, zanik krytycznej refleksji nad głębszą treścią gry politycznej. Prezentacja dorobku i kompetencji politologów w mediach przeważnie sprowadza się do bieżącego i jałowego komentatorstwa. Paradoksalnie, wykorzystanie potencjału nauk politycznych zarówno przez rządzących, jak i przez dowolne inne siły z establishmentu politycznego jest odwrotnie proporcjonalne do potrzeb społecznych i do możliwej oferty politologów.

EN

As regards the functioning of the political science in Poland there is a strong tension growing between requirements of the scientific nature, the practical attitude and programming and convenience of media in the process of popularization of achievements and analytical competence of political scientists. The field’s experts cannot cope with this properly. The political science is able to keep its scientific nature provided that its cognitive purposes remain autotelic, although it does not rule out practical usage of the knowledge gained through the scientific process. In practice however narrowly utilitarian, vulgar-pragmatic ideas of benefits from the political science are dominating. The effect of this is the reduction in cognitive ambitions of political scientists as a result of imposing them by politicians and clerks, temporary horizons and banal level of research, repeating ideological-propaganda pseudoaxioms, the disappearance of critical reflection over the deeper content of the political game. Presentation of achievements and competence of political scientists in the media brings barren attempts at commenting current political affairs. Paradoxically, using the potential of the political science both through the class of the ruling, as well as by any other forces of the political Establishment is inversely proportional to social needs and to the available offer of political scientists.

18

Poczucie samotności u nastolatków z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu

63%

Agnieszka S., Anna W.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

|

2020

|

issue 59(17)

41-50

EN

One of the features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the difficulty in social interaction, including communication deficits, emotional reciprocity and social skills. Problems in establishing and maintaining social relations and functioning in a group of peers are also a problem, what can lead to a feeling of loneliness. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the feeling of loneliness, traits of autism spectrum disorders and cognitive functioning – primarily in terms of verbal fluency. The study involved 50 adolescents with autism spectrum disorders aged 13 to 19 years and 50 adolescents with typical development. The study was conducted using questionnaire methods – Polish versions of De Jong Gierveld’s Sense of Loneliness Scale and Baron-Cohen's Autism Quotient Questionnaire. Cognitive functioning was also assessed. The results of the study showed that the feeling of loneliness is associated with both the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders and their severity. Moreover, the link between the feeling of loneliness and the results of cognitive tests in a group of teenagers with autism spectrum disorders was found. The results suggest that the perception of loneliness in the case of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders may be moderated by their level of cognitive functioning. These conclusions, however, require further research including additional measurements of cognitive functioning.

PL

Jedną z cech zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) są trudności w zakresie interakcji społecznych, uwzględniające deficyty w komunikacji, odwzajemnianiu emocjonalnym oraz umiejętnościach społecznych. Częste są również problemy w nawiązywaniu i podtrzymywaniu relacji społecznych oraz funkcjonowaniu w grupie rówieśników, mogące prowadzić do wysokiego poczucia samotności. Celem badania było zbadanie zależności pomiędzy poczuciem samotności, natężeniem cech zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu oraz funkcjonowania poznawczego – przede wszystkim w zakresie płynności słownej. W badaniu wzięło udział 50 adolescentów z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu w wieku od 13 do 19 lat oraz 50 adolescentów o typowym rozwoju. Badanie prowadzone było za pomocą metod kwestionariuszowych – użyto polskich wersji skali do pomiaru poczucia samotności Jenny De Jong Gierveld oraz kwestionariusza Autism Quotient Simona Barona-Cohena w wersji dla nastolatków. Przeprowadzono również próby mające na celu ocenę funkcjonowania poznawczego badanych, które były wykonywane podczas spotkania indywidualnego. Wyniki badania pokazały, że poczucie samotności związane jest zarówno z samym występowaniem zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu, jak i z ich nasileniem. Wykazano również pewne powiązania pomiędzy poczuciem samotności oraz wynikami prób poznawczych w grupie nastolatków z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że postrzeganie samotności w przypadku adolescentów z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu może być moderowane przez ich poziom funkcjonowania poznawczego. Wnioski te wymagają jednak przeprowadzenia dalszych badań z uwzględnieniem dodatkowych pomiarów dotyczących funkcjonowania poznawczego.

19

Kompetencje audiowizualne dzieci postulowane przez przekaz a poziom i zakres jego rozumienia

63%

Ogonowska A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

|

2019

|

issue 11(1) "Postprawda. Nowe narracje i praktyki społeczne w epoce sfingowanych informacji i gatunków hybrydycznych"

77-89

PL

Dzieci w wieku poniemowlęcym i przedszkolnym oraz ich opiekunowie tworzą w Polsce i na świecie potężną grupę konsumentów mediów oraz powiązanych z nimi produktów (np. gadżety, zabawki, produkty spożywcze, kosmetyki pielęgnacyjne, farmaceutyki, ubranka, książeczki i rysowanki, audiobooki, filmy na DVD). Jednocześnie adresowana do nich oferta przekazów audiowizualnych często nie jest dostosowana do ich możliwości poznawczych oraz kompetencji społecznych, choć jest reklamowana jako pełniąca funkcje edukacyjne. Na podstawie reklamy jawnej i ukrytej opiekunowie dzieci podejmują decyzję o zakupie określonych produktów i usług, kierując się także w swoich działania dowodem społecznej słuszności oraz własną wygodą. Telewizja i ekrany różnych technologii od przeszło 50 lat, z roku na rok, z większą intensywnością towarzyszą rozwojowi dziecka, w ostatnich 15 latach – także w formie zminiaturyzowanej, mobilnej, a w ostatnich 5 – również taktylnej oraz interaktywnej i wyposażonej w symulatory mowy. Analiza konkretnych przekazów pod względem ich formy i zawartości pozwala określić, jakie kompetencje audiowizualne wpisane są w projekt odbiorcy idealnego, postulowanego przez przekaz. Na tej podstawie można, w dalszej kolejności stwierdzić, jakich funkcji poznawczych wymaga jego rozumienie i interpretacja oraz, w jakim stosunku pozostaje figura odbiorcy idealnego w relacji do realnego widza. Badania tego rodzaju mają więc konkretne znaczenie praktyczne, ponieważ pozwalają skutecznie walczyć z podwójną dezinformacją: w odniesieniu do opiekunów i w stosunku do ich podopiecznych. Pierwsza grupa żywi często naiwne przekonanie, że dzieci mają kontakt z przekazami dostosowanymi do ich wieku, drudzy – w efekcie nieprzemyślanych decyzji i działań dorosłych – mają często takie doświadczenia w kontakcie z mediami, które wcale nie służą ich optymalnemu rozwojowi poznawczemu, społecznemu, emocjonalnemu, językowo-komunikacyjnemu, a wręcz skutkują dla niego negatywnie. Artykuł odnosi się do pierwszego etapu badania rozumienia przekazów audiowizualnych przez dzieci na wskazanym etapie rozwoju. Autorka wykorzystuje analizy: literatury zastanej i cząstkowych badań własnych dedykowanych temu zagadnieniu.

EN

Children in toddlers and pre-school ages create a powerful group of media consumers and related media products in Poland and around the world (eg gadgets, toys, food products). At the same time, the audiovisual broadcast offer addressed to them is often not adapted to their cognitive abilities and social competences, although it is advertised as performing educational functions. On the basis of public and hidden advertising, children’s guardians make decisions about the purchase of specific products and services, also guided by their proof of social equity and their own convenience. Television and screens of various technologies for more than 30 years, from year to year, with greater intensity accompany the development of the child, also in the form of miniaturized and mobile. The analysis of specific messages in terms of their form and content allows to determine what audiovisual competencies are included in the ideal recipient’s project, postulated by the message. On this basis, it can be further determined which cognitive functions its understanding and interpretation requires, and in what relation the figure of the ideal recipient remains in relation to the real viewer. Research of this kind has a specific practical meaning, because it allows to effectively fight with double disinformation: in relation to carers and their charges. The first group is convinced that children have contact with messages tailored to their age, others often have such experiences in contact with the media, which do not at all serve their optimal cognitive, social, emotional and even negative results. The article refers to the first stage of the study of the understanding of audiovisual communications by children at the indicated stage of development and refers to the analysis of existing literature and partial own research.

20

Aktywność fizyczna a kondycja psychiczna osób starszych

51%

Żaroń A., Piskunowicz M.

Rocznik Andragogiczny

|

2017

|

vol. 24

EN

The aim of this article is to review current research on relationship between physical activity and chosen aspects of psychological status of elderly adults. Among many psychological aspects cognitive functions and anxiety and depression as emotional aspects were chosen. The results suggest that physical activity correlates with higher cognitive performance and lower rates of anxiety and depression.

PL

Celem poniższego artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu aktualnych badań na temat związku aktywności fizycznej z wybranymi aspektami kondycji psychicznej osób starszych. Spośród licznych aspektów psychicznych wybrano następujące: funkcje poznawcze oraz lęk i depresję jako wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania emocjonalnego seniorów. Wyniki analizy sugerują, że aktywność fizyczna koreluje z lepszym poziomem funkcjonowania poznawczego oraz niższym poziomem depresji i lęku.

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Aktywność fizyczna a kondycja psychiczna osób starszych