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Organizacija
|
2011
|
vol. 44
|
issue 4
137-143
EN
The main objective is to present the perceived factors in cognitive schema change as experienced by participants from two Slovenian sectors and to compare them with factors from schema change theory in order to evaluate specific circumstances and obstacles to effective cognitive schema change. 31 interviews with participants from six companies were conducted twice during the 2008 economic crisis. The prevalent perceived antecedents of schema change lie within an organisation and in the business environment. Stimulating factors are also economic and financial crises and personal characteristics. The prevalent obstacles to schema change, as perceived by participants, are stability of current cognitive schemas, personal characteristics of management, and rigidity.
EN
Despite a span of thirty-seven years stretching the dates of their publication, Lessing’s The Marriages between Zones Three, Four, and Five (1980) and The Cleft (2007) share a common theme and genre (space fiction). Set in an unspecified past in imaginary universes, they both chronicle how two geographically separate and culturally divergent communities join forces in a collective struggle to subvert the effects of an inscrutable power enveloping their respective lands. This paper argues that, through their foregrounding of utopian longing, The Marriages and The Cleft present a coherent vision of humanity and thus can be seen as instruments to “cultivate humanity” (Nussbaum 1997). Employing the cognitive tools of schemas and scripts (Schank and Abelson 1977), the paper explores the ways Lessing enforces her social project and, simultaneously, attempts to modify the reader’s cognitive schema of humanity through cognitive scripting. It arrives at two main conclusions. First, Lessing’s five-component humanity script not only closely corresponds to M. Scott Peck’s (1987) well-established model of community building, but it outweighs the latter in its scope. Second, in her formulation of the concept of ideal society, Lessing, rather than resorting to radical approaches and ideologies, opts for “reforming society in movement and change” (Greene 1994: 188).
EN
Viewing religion as a product of evolution already has yielded a new and interesting hypotheses, which could help to integrate entire heritage of scientific study of religion. Nonetheless, there are some objections toward this program. First, despite the fact that evolutionary theories of religion are inherently interdisciplinary, its integration with sociological, anthropological and historical studies should be improve in the future. Second, phenomenological descriptions (that is individual religious experiences) are neglected by Darwinians. This fact could negatively affects explanatory potential of this approach. Finally, opponents of analyzed paradigm state that evolutionary hypotheses have still low level of confirmation. It stems from a small number of conducted empirical investigations on evolutionary roots of religion. Nevertheless, application of Darwinian tools to the study of religion remains a very promising scientific venture.
XX
Autorzy rozpatrują problem granic interpretacji lingwistycznej w kontekście kluczowych dla językoznawstwa pytań o relację między poznaniem – wiedzą – językiem – kulturą. Wskazując autonomiczne i nieautonomiczne stanowiska badawcze opowiadają się za ujęciem holistycznym, wykorzystującym zintegrowaną wiedzę interpretatora. W opisie struktur wiedzy skorelowanych z jednostkami języka odwołują się do szeroko rozumianego terminu schemat poznawczy, odnosząc go zarówno do sensorycznego, jak i do kulturowego poziomu poznania; wykorzystują tu przede wszystkim koncepcję schematów kulturowych Farzada Sharifiana. Uznają przy tym język za element kultury, zgodnie z założeniami leżącymi u podstaw badań nad językowym obrazem świata.
EN
The article deals with the problem of boundaries of linguistic interpretation in the context of the relationship between cognition, knowledge, language and culture. Linguistic inquiry is treated as a continuum in the sense that an autonomous description of language is integrated with a holistic approach, which embraces the interpreter’s broad body of knowledge. In the proposed description of knowledge structures that are correlated with units of language, reference is made to cognitive schemas, operating at both the sensory and the cultural level of cognition, with Farzad Sharifian’s cultural schemas being used for the purpose. Thus, in concord with the assumptions underlying research on linguistic worldview, language is treated as an aspect of culture.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę spojrzenia na mediację z perspektywy psychologii narracyjnej. Autor identyfikuje cztery funkcje, jakie w dialogu mediacyjnym odgrywają narracyjne struktury poznawcze: poznawczo-komunikacyjną, regulacyjno-motywacyjną, transformacyjną oraz dialogiczno-perswazyjną. Na ich podstawie formułuje listę praktycznych wskazówek działania czyniących pracę mediatora efektywniejszą.
EN
This paper is an attempt to look at mediation from the perspective of narrative psychology. The author identifies four functions that narrative cognitive structures play in mediation dialogue: cognitive-communicative, regulative-motivative, transformative and dialogic-persuasive. Based on that a list of practical tips is formulated to make the mediator’s work more effective.
PL
Autorka analizuje sposoby konceptualizacji miłości oraz JA i DRUGIEGO w dyskursie miłosnym na przykładzie filozofii E. Lévinasa i liryki H. Poświatowskiej. Za najważniejsze schematy organizujące rozumienie miłości, jej przedmiotu i podmiotu uznaje schemat więzi oraz całości i części. Odwołują się do nich, choć w nieco różny sposób, oba omawiane dyskursy. Lévinas uważa, że możliwa jest miłosna relacja, w której oba człony nie tworzą całości i w ten sposób zachowują swą tożsamość. Poświatowska buduje obrazy fizycznej bliskości kochanków, ich wzajemnego przenikania się i wreszcie zatraty JA w DRUGIM. W filozoficznej rozprawie miłość stanowi wyłącznie przedmiot refleksji, w wierszach Poświatowskiej jest ona ponadto ujawnianą przez JA emocją. W obu tekstach nadawcy otwarcie definiują przyjmowany punkt widzenia: jako kobiecy (Poświatowska) i męski (Lévinas).
EN
The author analyzes the conceptualizations of love, as well as of ME and THE OTHER in love discourse, on the basis of the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas and the poetry of Halina Poświatowska. As the most important schemas organizing the understanding of love, its subject and its object, she identifies the schemas of “bond” and “part-and-whole”: both types of discourse utilize them, though in different ways. Lévinas claims that a love is possible in which each side preserves his or her identity and does not unite with the other. Poświatowska constructs the images of physical closeness of lovers, their “merger” and eventual disappearance of one in the other. In the philosophical discourse, love is merely an object of intellectual reflection, while in Poświatowska’s poetry it is also ME’s emotion. The authors of both categories of text openly define their respective points of view as male (Lévinas) and female (Poświatowska).
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