Search results

1

The Mars Ultor Coins of c. 19-16 BC

100%

Győri V.

In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką

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2015

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vol. 9

7-30

PL

Istnienie świątyni Marsa Ultora położonej na Kapitolu w Rzymie było przedmiotem długiej dyskusji w literaturze przedmiotu. August ślubował wybudowanie świątyni dedykowanej Marsowi Ultorowi w 20 roku p.n.e ., kiedy oznaki legionowe utracone podczas wojen z Partami zostały odzyskane w wyniku negocjacji dyplomatycznych. Część uczonych uważa, że dedykowana wówczas świątynia miała zostać wzniesiona na Kapitolu. Podstawą takiej opinii jest passus z Kasjusza Diona (54, 8, 3) oraz monety wemitowane ok. 19-16 roku p.n.e. w Pergamonie (Colonia Caesaraugusta) i Hiszpanii (Colonia Patricia). Widnieje na nich wyobrażenie świątyni Marsa Ultora. Sądzę, że przedstawione na monetach wyobrażenie odbija ideę świątyni, która miała powstać na Kapitolu, a która nie została nigdy wybudowana. Forma rotundy natomiast może zostać potraktowana jako odwołanie się Augusta do czasów archaicznego Rzymu.

2

Hospodárska a sociálna situácia Kremnickej mincovne od druhej polovice roku 1938 do konca roku 1945

80%

Volentier L.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 2

70-104

EN

History of enterprises or so-called short history becomes the centre of attention just these days. So it was with the Kremnica Mint which rightly belongs to the phenomena not so common in the world. That is a reason why it is necessary to work on a comprehensive work dedicated to the whole history and gradually fill in the empty spaces. Relatively short period of the Slovak State had brought a large number of events that had changed the functioning of the mint for a long time, e.g. involvement in the SNU, evacuation of metals and the destruction of the mint and Kremnica in 1945. Beside these important events, it is necessary to point out the position of various nations in the enterprise and the behavior towards them. An interesting chapter describes the influence of the state on the mint and the involvement of Imrich Karvaš, who was important for several plans to prepare the economic side of the SNU, where the mint played a key role.

3

The representation of legitimacy in Sassanian coins (Kavad I and Zamasp eras)

80%

Rahbar I., Tavoosi M., Afhami R.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2015

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issue 47

EN

The representation of legitimacy in Sassanian coins (Kavad I and Zamasp eras)In each era, social, cultural and political aspects, and their changes have a prominent role on the creation of the Governmental artworks that tries to act as a public media to show their power and legitimacy trends. This study wishes to survey the symbols of Sassanian coins and the role of this visual media from the power and legitimacy point of view during Kavad I (r. 488-531 AD) and Zamasp (r. 496-499 AD) eras, as a challenging period of the Sassanid dynasty. We try to show how Sassanid kings used artworks, especially coins, because of their spreads to transfer their legitimacy messages, thus they used it as the most principal media to show the power and its changes to publics. The result shows the changes during the first reign of Kavad I and after his deposing by clergies due to supporting the Mazdakites doctrine, raise of Zamasp to the throne and the second reign of Kavad I that they used various icons and symbols rooted in Zoroastrian beliefs to show their power and legitimacy according to condition changes. The emphasis of Kavad I on astrologic signs as the symbol of charisma and, in contrast, the representation of Zamasp, the successor of Kavad I after deposing, in the form of receiving diadem as a sign of his superiority and power, and the reuse of traditional symbols of legitimacy by Kavad I in the combination of diadem as the representation of his legitimacy after his second reign are some documents of visual changes of this challenging period. Wizerunkowa legitymizacja władzy na monetach Sasanidów (za Kavada i za I Zamaspa)W każdej epoce zmienne czynniki społeczne, kulturowe i polityczne mają istotne znaczenie dla tworzenia dzieł sztuki, które w sferze publicznej mają się stać nośnikiem legitymizowania przez sprawujących rządy ich władzy politycznej. Celem niniejszego studium jest zbadanie symboli przedstawionych na monetach bitych przez władców z dynastii Sasanidów i ich roli jako medium wizualnego w legitymizowaniu władzy w trudnym dla Sasanidów okresie za panowania Kawada I (488-531) i Zamaspa (496-499). Chcemy pokazać, w jaki sposób obaj królowie sasanidzcy w przekazie społecznym wykorzystywali dzieła sztuki, przede wszystkim monety, jako podstawowe medium dla ugruntowania legitymizowanych zmian na tronie. W rezultacie podjętych badań ustalono, że wobec zmiany sytuacji w pierwszym okresie panowania Kawada I i po jego obaleniu przez kapłanów z powodu wspierania przez króla nauk Mazdaka, po osadzeniu na tronie Zamaspa i w czasie drugiego panowania Kawada I wykorzystywane były różne wizerunki i symbole, zakorzenione w zaratusztranizmie, po to by umocnić władców i legitymizować ich władzę, adekwatnie do zachodzących zmian. Podkreślenie przez Kawada I roli znaków astrologicznych jako symbolu charyzmy, z drugiej zaś strony przedstawienie wizerunku Zamaspa – następcy usuniętego z tronu Kawada – jako tego, który otrzymuje diadem na znak jego zwierzchności i władzy, jak też ponowne wykorzystanie przez Kawada I tradycyjnych symboli legitymizacji w powiązaniu z diademem wyobrażającym go jako prawowitego władcę w drugim okresie jego panowania – to niektóre ze świadectw dokumentujących przemiany wizerunkowe w okresie trudnych wyzwań.

4

Mince a rímsko-provinciálna emailovaná spona z Pustých Sadov

80%

Stoklas B.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia

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2022

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issue 116

273-282

EN

Near the water reservoir of the village of Pusté Sady (district of Galanta) they have recently found Roman coins and a brooch proving the commercial ties of this microregion located in the basin of the Jarč brook with the province of Lower Pannonia in the early Roman Period. The finds include an enameled plate-shaped brooch with hinge attachment mechanism (type Exner III 46), featuring a rare type in the Barbaricum territory. Interesting testimonies are also provided by Roman coins. They are characterised by perforations; in one case we observe a falsified denarius from the given historical period; another case represents one of the last antoniniani struck in the Viminacium mint.

5

Late Roman Period and Early Migration Period in the Upper San River basin

70%

Bulas J.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2019

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vol. LIV

57-76

EN

The analysis of the cultural and settlement situation in the Upper San River basin in the Late Roman Period and the early phase of the Migration Period (timespan between phases C2 and D) is difficult due to the small database. In addition to materials from the partially researched settlement in Lesko and recently excavated (during the investment works on the bypass of Sanok) settlement in Sanok 59-60, the materials from these phases are primarily stray finds, such as metal fragments of clothing, such as buckles or coins, discovered outside the archaeological context. It is important to underline that most of the wheel-made pottery finds have a wide chronological frame and it is a rare possibility to narrow pottery dating. Despite the limited amount of data, they provide the basis for the new analysis of the archaeological material and settlement situation in this area dated roughly to the Late Roman Period and Early Migration Period. In this context, wide-scale research, which for the first time allowed observation of the extent and organization of settlements, proved to be particularly important.

6

Coins of the Bohemian and Moravian Celts within the area of La Tène settlement in present‑day Slovakia – reasons and consequences of their occurrence

70%

Kolníková E.

Studia Hercynia

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2022

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vol. 26

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issue 1

133-157

EN

In the area of the La Tène settlement in present day Slovakia autochthonous and various foreign coins circulated. The latter ones include coins of the Bohemian and Moravian Celts – several types of gold and silver coins dating from the 3rd to 1st century BC. They arrived in the Celtic settlements located in present day Slovakia mainly through trade, and do not prove that the areas of their circulation were settled by the Boii.

7

Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu pradziejów i wczesnego średniowiecza na monetach europejskich z lat 1992-2022

70%

Lajsner W.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2023

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vol. 28

103-129

EN

Coins are not only a means of payment, but also a means of cultural communication. Both their obverses and reverses contain epigraphic and iconographic elements that together create an image. Among the iconographic elements, there are motifs understood as a repeating decorative element, but also as an expression of a certain type of idea. Archaeological motifs reflect their form of archaeological monuments or their elements, while their subject matter commemorates not only the monument itself, but also various related aspects researched by archaeologists. The aim of the considerations was to examine the numismatic form of commemorating archaeological heritage. The presented prehistoric and early medieval motifs appearing on European coins in the years 1992–2022 were first analyzed in terms of the form of their depiction on coins, then the archaeological themes with which these motifs are connectedwere taken into account, and on this basis axiological considerations were possible, aimed at answering the question – why a given motif was placed on the coin.

8

Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu archeologii śródziemnomorskiej na monetach europejskich z lat 1990–2005

70%

Lajsner W.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2023

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vol. 28

131-152

EN

The role of coins is not limited only to a means of payment, but through the various iconographic and epigraphic contents they contain, coins are also a means of cultural communication. The obverse and reverse of coins are a specific form of image, which includes motifs understood as a repeating decorative element that is also a pattern or an iconographic element expressing specific symbolism and themes. Archaeological motifs reflect archaeological monuments or their elements, and their themes commemorate not only the monument itself, but also related aspects studied by archaeologists, e.g. the broadly understood context. The aim of the considerations was to examine the numismatic form of commemorating and popularizing archaeological heritage on the example of selected motifs referring to monuments of Mediterranean archeology appearing on European coins in the years 1990–2005. First, the motifs were analyzed in terms of the form of their depiction on coins, then the archaeological theme with which themotifs were connected was determined and, on its basis, axiological considerations were carried out, the aim of which was to learn a potential answer to the question – why a given motif was placed on a coin.

9

The defences of the Roman legionary fortress at Novae (Lower Moesia) and coin finds from the latest excavations “Per lineam munitionum”: numismatic and archaeological interpretation

61%

Jaworski P., Zakrzewski P.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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vol. 29(2)

359-408

EN

This paper aims to present the results of archaeological works carried out within the framework of a post-excavation project, “Per lineam munitionum”, between 2005–2016 around the fortification system of the Roman legionary fortress and the late Roman and early Byzantine town of Novae. The research concentrated generally on completing and recording old trenches as well as recording remains of the original building substance, stratigraphy and other archaeological remains using modern technologies and precise geodetic equipment. The archaeological data and stratigraphical observations were compared with the numismatic findings in an effort to improve the final interpretation and the reconstruction of the main construction phases.

10

Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). Fourth–Early Fifth Century Numismatic Evidence for Architectural Transformations and Seismic Events

61%

Lichocka B.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

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2021

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issue 34

183-206

EN

This paper presents coins unearthed in three separate places at the Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). With just a few exceptions they date to the fourth–early fifth centuries AD. Even though only some specimens are precisely identifiable, they deserve presentation since they may suggest termini post quem for the reconstructions and enlargement of the Villa of Theseus. At the same time, the numismatic evidence helps to support the hypothesis that more than one earthquake occurred in the late Roman period at Nea Paphos and caused the destruction of its residences in the whole or in part of the area.

11

Infuła i korona. Kilka uwag o pieczęciach Karola Ferdynanda Wazy

61%

Hlebionek M.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2018

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vol. 73

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issue 1

7-34

EN

Charles Ferdinand Vasa, son of the Polish king Sigismund III, bishop of Wrocław and Płock, duke of Opole and Racibórz, owing to his heritage and offices was in possession of the most expansive sigillography system among all princes of the Vasa dynasty. The article presents previously unknown seals, as well as analysis of the relations linking them, and an attempt is made at defining the functions characterising the sigillography of Charles Ferdinand Vasa’s seals of a mixed (church and lay) nature.

12

Symbolische Kommunikation, transkontinentale Handelsnetzwerke, Raubökonomie: Kontexte und Konstellationen der Silberzirkulation und -redistribution zu Zeiten Bolesławs des Tapferen

61%

Adamczyk D.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2022

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vol. 66

141-166

PL

Panowanie Bolesława Chrobrego cieszy się od wielu lat dużym zainteresowaniem zarówno historyków, jak i numizmatyków. W centrum badań tych pierwszych znajdują się dzieje polityczne jego władztwa, tych drugich jego mennictwo. Zdecydowanie mniej uwagi natomiast poświęca się fiskalnym i prestiżowo symbolicznym kontekstom obiegu kruszcu, który na przełomie X i XI w. składał się niemal wyłącznie z importowanych monet oraz srebra w postaci niemonetarnej, głównie biżuterii. To rodzi wiele pytań: jak dostęp do towarów luksusowych wpływał na sprawowanie władzy? Za jakie ekwiwalenty i w jakich okolicznościach nabywano obce monety? Jak chęć przejęcia kontroli nad sieciami dystrybucji srebra między Miśnią, Pragą a Kijowem w pierwszych dekadach XI stulecia kierunkowała ekspansję Bolesława? Metodologicznie artykuł łączy analizę skarbów z interpretacją źródeł pisanych.

EN

The reign of Bolesław I the Brave has for many years been very popular among historians and numismatists. The political history of his rule is at the centre of the research of the first one, and the history of his coinage of the latter. On the other hand, much less attention is paid to the fiscal and prestigious-symbolic contexts of the circulation of bullion, which at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries consisted almost exclusively of imported coins and silver in a non-monetary form, mainly jewellery. This raises many questions: how did access to luxury goods affected the exercise of power? What equivalents and under what circumstances were foreign coins purchased? How did the desire to take control of the silver distribution networks between Meissen, Prague and Kiev in the first decades of the 11th century directed Bolesław’s expansion? Methodologically, the article combines the analysis of the hoards with the interpretation of written sources.

13

Początki polskiego mennictwa w świetle nowszych badań

61%

Suchodolski S.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2019

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issue 60

192-219

EN

The author updates the knowledge of the origins of coinage in Poland in the late 10th and the early 11th centuries. This is possible owing to new coin finds and new research methods, predominantly discoveries of new die-links. In the conclusions, the author states that coin minting in Poland was not initiated by duke Mieszko I (approx. 962-992) but his son Bolesław the Brave (992-1025). The early coinage was more intense than historians used to think, and more diverse. One mint used, simultaneously, dies with correct legends and dies ineptly copying foreign patterns. The coins were used for manifestation and economic purposes alike. They accounted for a small proportion of the prevailing foreign coins in circulation.

14

Pieniądz jako zjawisko kultury

51%

Kula M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2011

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vol. 55

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issue 2-3

171-185

EN

The author reflects on the evaluation of the notion of money in history. In many situations coins and banknotes were a proof for the existence of local, independent, political power. People’s attitude toward money was quite an important matter, too; in many situations neither money nor those professionally dealing with money were appreciated socially. Numerous utopian movements disliked money. Communism was one of them. The communist economy was driven — at least in theory — by overwhelming planning rather than by the incentive of money. After the fall of communism a question arised whether all or nearly all public activity should be driven by money or whether some domains of social activity should rather be kept as public domains

15

O ZNACZENIU ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO KONTEKSTU ZNALEZISK TAKŻE W BADANIACH HISTORYKOW W ZWIĄZKU Z NOWSZYMI HIPOTEZAMI NA TEMAT ATRYBUCJI TZW. BRAKTEATÓW TAMAŃSKICH

51%

Kollinger K.

Archeologia Polski

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2018

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vol. 63

159-173

EN

The author presents the state of research and a critical review of existing hypotheses, as well as a historical summary of issues related to the dating and attribution of the so-called Taman bracteates. It is an excellent example of the importance of the archaeological context, without which any interpretation is doomed to be based on more or less probable hypotheses. The author does not believe it possible today to attribute these „bracteates” to Vsevolod II Olgovič or to Mstislav Vladimirovič, at least for now; he is also critical of any consideration in this context of the seal attributed to Michael Oleg Svyatoslavič, as this artifact may very well be a modern fake. He shares the doubts of some researchers regarding the authenticity of newer finds of single „bracteates”. He favors distinguishing three separate „bracteate” types: the first, bearing the so-called sign of the Rurikids, should be viewed as being of 11th c. date (it resembles the sign on coins of Svyatopolk I), whereas the other two, both with representations of the archangel Michael, would be of 12th and 13th c. date respectively. The source base today is insufficient in the author’s opinion to determine who issued these so-called Taman bracteates and when. The situation may change with new finds coming from archaeological contexts.

16

Coins from the site of Marina el-Alamein: an overview of recent and some earlier finds

51%

Lichocka B.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2019

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vol. 28(2)

125-140

EN

A recently uncovered assemblage of 13 coins, some of significant dating value, but all loose finds from fieldwork conducted by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission, is discussed in the context of earlier coin finds recorded by the two Polish projects involved in the archaeological excavation and conservation of the Marina el-Alamein site on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The focus is foremost on predominantly Roman provincial coins originating from the Alexandrian mint. One of these bears a mark indicative of its use as a pendant. Hadrian bronzes, most numerous in this group, along with coins of Trajan and Antoninus Pius corroborate a peak in the development of the town in the 2nd century AD, while late Roman imperial specimens are direct evidence for its continued functioning in the late antique period.

17

Aegyptiaca Vespasiani. Nilus on Vespasian’s Alexandrian Coins Evidence for the Tradition of the Legitimization of Power

51%

Lichocka B.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

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2015

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issue 28

91–104

EN

During the first three years of Vespasian’s reign, coins which depicted Nilus bust were minted in Alexandria. Some scholars relate these representations to the reported by Cassius Dio (LXVI 8, 1) sudden exceptional Nile flooding which took place after the emperor’s arrival in Alexandria. However, the dates of both events are disputable. It seems that Nilus bust on the coins is rather an expression of Roman emperors’ complying with requirements of the tradition which identified the monarch with the renewed Nile.

18

Panovník a sacrum v raně přemyslovských Čechách (10.–12. století)

51%

Bláhová M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2017

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issue 1 (12)

36-55

EN

The origins of the Czech Přemyslid state overlap time wise with the acknowledgement and proliferation of Christianity in Bohemia, further on, the Přemyslid state develops in symbiosis with Christianity. This fact is reflected in the Czech monarch’s position and conduct, and also in the „historians’” presentation informing about it. The symbiosis between the profane power of the monarch and the Church’s authority is also integrated in the Přemyslid era. Not only did the monarch rely on the representatives of the Church as the only experts in written culture, needed for the state administration, but the Czech princes, who wouldn’t govern through their own sacred charisma, relied on their predecessor on the Czech throne and a saint at the same time, Saint Wenceslas, when it came to the matters of ruler’s legitimacy and the monarch’s ideology and propaganda. They relied on the Saint Wenceslas’ charisma during battles, but they would use him for propaganda on coins and seals as well. Saint Wenceslas appeared on Přemyslid coins during the reign of Jaromír at the latest. Another phase of the Saint Wenceslas’ change into political saint took place during the reign of Vratislaus II, when a spear became the saint’s attribute. In the battle of Chlumec in 1126 he had the Wenceslas’ spear with the St. Adalbert of Prague’s flag. Since then, this has become a permanent attribute of Saint Wenceslas. According to the official propaganda, Saint Wenceslas helped the monarch and his people in battle, ensured „peace” for the people and their monarch. The „peace” of the ruling prince, meaning the security, law and justice for those ruled by living prince, were all in the hands of Saint Wenceslas, as the transcriptions of the monarch’s seals claimed. Wenceslas as the „eternal ruler” bestowed his power to the ruling prince and ensured the „peace” for those ruled by the prince. This prince would take care of the peace, win the battles, come to help his people in need. The company of the protectors of the Czech monarch and the Czechs grew in the twenties in the 12th century while accepting Saint Adalbert of Prague and Sanit Procopius in the beginning of the sixties in the 13th century. However, Saint Wenceslas became the main and permanent protector of Czech people.

19

Motywy maryjne na monetach europejskich od IX do XX wieku

51%

Stachowiak J.

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

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1981

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vol. 43

97-180

EN

-

20

Monety z cmentarzyska w Gieczu, stanowisko 4, jako źródło do badań obrzędów funeralnych

51%

Indycka E.

Studia Lednickie

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2019

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vol. 18

207-243

PL

The article presents the results of the analyses of coins, which were found during excavation works on the early medieval skeleton cemetery in Giecz (site 4). 281 graves were uncovered and examined there, among which were the ones with coins. The conducted archaeological and numismatic analyses refer to funeral rituals, chronology of the burial ground and various cultural phenomena connected with coins. The obtained data indicate that the ritual of depositing coins with the dead at the cemetery located next to the castle-town in Giecz appeared over half century after converting to the new religion and continued for 200 years. On the basis of the conducted analysis it can be stated that the coins were placed with the dead regardless of their sex or age at the moment of death. The deceased were buried in the same way as the majority of the decedents at the burial grounds; their graves did not stand alone. With the exception of the shears, no other special objects were placed in them and no two groups of graves of the same type were registered. Graves with coins, regardless of their orientation as well as sex and age of the individuals buried in them, and regardless of the chronology of the coins which they contained, were placed on the entire burial ground. They were orientated similarly to the majority of graves. The relationship between the type of coin and the grave’s orientation, where the coins were put, was not identified. The complete coins were placed in graves and these included almost exclusively saxon cross coins and princely denars. The custom of placing coins in graves was probably restricted to the elite groups which were in the possession of coins. At the present stage of research one could risk saying that it also showed the bonds connecting members of the family. It is possible that families had their quarters “assigned” at this cemetery, which can be reflected in graves with coins of different chronology located next to each other. The family bonds can also be indicated by the coins minted with the same stamps, which were found in the graves. The archaeological analysis of graves with coins also brought crucial data, which can be pertained to the stages of the functioning of the burial ground. It has been pointed out that in the third decade of the 11th century the custom of placing coins in graves appeared in Giecz. However, it was not prevalent in those days and was probably limited to a small group of the local community which was in the possession of money in the period when the monetary economy had just started to popularize [Łosiński 1991: 251–257]. Presumably the first coins, which were placed in graves of both segments after the incursion of Bretislav, are the cross denars type V, which were first issued in 1060. The research also revealed that in both periods when the burial ground was in use, at least two of its segments were occupied simultaneously. The coins manifested, among other things, power, prestige, wealth and religious content [Kiersnowski 1988: 38; Dzieduszycki 1995: 85–86]. The coins spread, among other ways, through wealth redistribution [Dzieduszycki 1995: 64–69]. The presence of coins in graves — the symbols of wealth and glamour, of which a small piece was placed with a deceased member of the family — despite the absence of other “precious” objects, points to the high social status of both the buried individuals and the contributor. In the research concerning the importance of coins in graves, the iconography of coins attracts attention, especially the religious symbols visible on them [Kiersnowski 1988: 314– 326; 170, 378–379]. Such varied images of a cross and saints can also be found on coins from Giecz. Therefore, it can be assumed that some of the coins were placed with the deceased as a confession of their faith and/or an offering to the Creator. It could be possible that the coins in the youngest children’s graves were their baptism certificate. Only one object from a grave which depicted religious symbols has been identified so far. It was a metal pendant. Its décor presents a miniature Maiestas Crucis, derivative from the pattern known from cards and the covers of Carolingian and Ottonian books [Indycka 2017]. Hence, the coins found in the graves should be included in the group of objects which express the Christian ideology. Diverse aspects of belief in the magic of coins show that the living could have multiple motives for placing coins with the deceased member of the family and community [Miechowicz 2006: 149–153]. Further analyses of the coins minted with the same stamps may lead to the research concerning the origins and distribution of the coins [Paszkiewicz 2015: 237]. The presence of coins in graves, with different periods of emission, brings data concerning the period of their circulation [Suchodolski 2016: 184], as well as their hoarding [Dzieduszycki 1995: 73–78]. The above considerations also point to the family bonds. Due to numismatic and archaeological analyses, the data concerning various cultural phenomena related to coins and funeral rituals and their chronology was obtained. The remarks concerning the usefulness of coins in social analyses, both in the aspect of social hierarchy and family bonds of the Giecz community, are also crucial. However, almost all the issues mentioned in the present article require further interdisciplinary research and profound comparative studies.

Refine search results

The Mars Ultor Coins of c. 19-16 BC

Hospodárska a sociálna situácia Kremnickej mincovne od druhej polovice roku 1938 do konca roku 1945

The representation of legitimacy in Sassanian coins (Kavad I and Zamasp eras)

Mince a rímsko-provinciálna emailovaná spona z Pustých Sadov

Late Roman Period and Early Migration Period in the Upper San River basin

Coins of the Bohemian and Moravian Celts within the area of La Tène settlement in present‑day Slovakia – reasons and consequences of their occurrence

Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu pradziejów i wczesnego średniowiecza na monetach europejskich z lat 1992-2022

Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu archeologii śródziemnomorskiej na monetach europejskich z lat 1990–2005

The defences of the Roman legionary fortress at Novae (Lower Moesia) and coin finds from the latest excavations “Per lineam munitionum”: numismatic and archaeological interpretation

Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). Fourth–Early Fifth Century Numismatic Evidence for Architectural Transformations and Seismic Events

Infuła i korona. Kilka uwag o pieczęciach Karola Ferdynanda Wazy

Symbolische Kommunikation, transkontinentale Handelsnetzwerke, Raubökonomie: Kontexte und Konstellationen der Silberzirkulation und -redistribution zu Zeiten Bolesławs des Tapferen

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