Search results - CEJSH

1

Épistémologie du web. Convergence, collaboration, affiliation

100%

Dubucs J.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2022

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vol. 55

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issue 3

47-71

EN

Within thirty years, the relation between the Internet and the scientific activity has changed profoundly. The Internet has shifted from being an instrument of academic collaboration to being a tool used by social media, allowing for a maximum diffusion of irrationalism and alt-factualism. To understand this change, one needs re-examine the mechanisms of opinion convergence. This convergence stems primarily from the existence of the world we share, which exposes us to the same facts and determines the constant revision of each person’s beliefs. In this process of asymptotic opinion convergence, no communication between individuals is required. Of course, if the facts known by some are communicated to others, this convergence accelerates considerably, so much so that we must regard knowledge as a result of collective activity, and the exchange of information as one of its crucial sources. On the one hand, this epistemic cooperation seems natural and easy to implement. Given the properties of information, which is an asset we keep even if we share it, the sharing of information is not subject to the usual difficulties related to cooperation. Defection provides no profit, making the prisoner’s dilemma not applicable to epistemic cooperation. On the other hand, such cooperation is productive by nature: the collaboration of the one who knowns φ and the one who knows that φ implies ψ results in both agents having the knowledge of ψ, which neither of them had before the exchange. The earlier Internet allowed for an extreme intensity of this informational cooperation. At present, we are dealing with a different kind of situation. Several factors, including the growing porosity between scientists and the public, have strengthened the role of exchange. It is not an exchange of information, but an exchange of opinions. The biases inherent to human nature, and especially the confirmation bias, tends to reverse the relationship between facts and opinions. We search for the facts confirming the opinions we hold, doubt those which undermine them and create facts to corroborate what we believe. Hence, we go from cooperation to affiliation, dividing the Internet into homogenic groups of believers.

FR

Résumé. En trente ans, le rapport d’Internet à l’entreprise scientifique a changé. Nous sommes passés d’un instrument de collaboration scientifique à un dispositif de réseaux sociaux qui assure la plus large diffusion à l’irrationalisme et à l’alt-factualisme. Pour comprendre ce changement, il convient de réexaminer les mécanismes de la convergence des opinions. La première source de cette convergence est l’existence d’un monde commun, qui nous expose aux mêmes faits et qui détermine par révision successive des croyances de chacun, sans que la moindre communication soit requise, une convergence asymptotique des opinions, et ce quelles que soient les croyances de départ. Naturellement, si les faits connus par les uns sont communiqués aux autres, cette convergence s’accélère considérablement, si bien que nous devons considérer la connaissance comme le résultat d’une activité collective, et l’échange d’informations comme l’une de ses sources nécessaires. D’une part, cette coopération épistémique est naturelle et facilement implémentable : en vertu des propriétés caractéristiques de l’information, qui est un bien que nous conservons lorsque nous le donnons, le partage informationnel est exempt des difficultés qui affectent généralement la coopération. D’autre part, cette coopération est intrinsèquement productive : la collaboration entre celui qui sait que φ et celui qui sait que φ implique ψ met chacun des deux agents en possession de la connaissance de ψ, qui n’était pourtant détenue par personne avant l’échange. L’internet des débuts donne à cette coopération informationnelle une ampleur inégalée. La situation actuelle est différente. Un certain nombre de facteurs, dont la porosité croissante entre les scientifiques et le large public, ont mis au premier plan l’échange, non des informations factuelles, mais celui des opinions. Les biais notoires de la psychologie humaine, au premier rang desquels le biais de confirmation, tendent à inverser le rapport entre les faits et les opinions. On cherche les faits confirmant les opinions entretenues, on met en doute les faits récalcitrants et l’on crée des faits corroborants. En bref, on passe d’une problématique de la coopération à une logique de l’affiliation, segmentant l’internet en groupes doxastiques homogènes.

2

University-Industry Collaboration in the European Regional Context: the Cases of Galicia and Apulia Region

94%

González-López M., Dileo I., Losurdo F.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2014

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vol. 10

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issue 3

57-88

EN

Universities are one of the key actors within national and regional innovation systems. The nature of university-industry collaboration has changed during the last decades and it varies across countries and regions. Different factors determine the interaction among both organizations, from those related to the industrial structure of the territory to others related to institutional and legal frameworks. In this paper we aim at adding to the understanding of this process based on the comparison between two European regions, Apulia in Italy and Galicia in Spain. Our results show that a progressive transition from a separated to a more integrated approach has occurred at the relational framework affecting universities and industry in both regions. Public policies, particularly from the regional level, have been relevant for promoting university-industry collaboration in Galicia and Apulia. Nevertheless, there still remain cultural and institutional barriers, both from the academy and business sphere, which impede a closer and more fruitful interaction. Besides, the poor innovative culture of traditional industries which dominate in both regions, might affect university-industry interaction. However, an adjustment of the university offer in terms of research is also needed as we observe that collaboration is too much biased by the university scientific and departmental specialization and too little by local and regional industrial specialization.

3

Deportacja Tatarów Krymskich w 1944 r. oraz jej skutki

94%

Voytyuk O.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

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2016

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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2016, tom 14

EN

In this article the issues of Crimean Tatars collaboration with the Third Reich during the Second World War are discussed. At the end of the war, the Crimean Tatars were accused by the Stalinist regime of treason and on May 18, 1944 the whole nation – without any explanation – was deported to Central Asia in wagons for animals. Transport conditions were extremely hard, a lot of people died during this trip, because of the lack of food and water and of high temperatures. The deportation had very tragic consequences: within six months, in new places of settlement nearly 40% of Crimean Tatars died.

4

"Taky odplata na takýho lumpa musí přijít…" Udání a oznámení úřadům v okupovaném Brně v letech 1940-1941:

94%

Majewski P. M.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2020

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vol. 106

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issue 2

227-245

EN

The article describes the phenomenon of denunciations [udavačství] in occupied Brno in the years 1940–1941 on the basis of source documents from the local police department, which are stored in the Moravian Land Archive. Statistical analysis of these materials demonstrates that this phenomenon was relatively more frequent among Germans than Czechs, which was undoubtedly related to the different attitudes of the two ethnic groups to the authority and regulations of the Nazi Reich. The social origin of those who wrote denunciations demonstrates that such acts were more frequently committed by those among the common people than by representatives of (broadly-conceived) social elites, and this tendency was especially marked among Czechs.

5

Paper-pen peer-correction versus wiki-based peer-correction

94%

Froldova V.

Journal of Language and Cultural Education

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2016

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vol. 4

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issue 1

140-153

EN

This study reports on the comparison of the students’ achievement and their attitudes towards the use of paper-pen peer-correction and wiki-based peer-correction within English language lessons and CLIL Social Science lessons at the higher secondary school in Prague. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were utilized to gather information. The data suggests that students made considerable use of wikis and showed higher degrees of motivation in wiki-based peer-correction during English language lessons than in CLIL Social Science lessons. In both cases wikis not only contributed to developing students’ writing skills, but also helped students recognize the importance of collaboration.

6

Psychology and Adaptation: the Work of Jerome Bruner

94%

Raw L.

Linguaculture

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2014

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vol. 2014

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issue 1

89-101

EN

This article offers a view as to why Jerome Bruner should become an important figure in future constructions of adaptation theory. It will be divided into three sections. In the first, I discuss in more detail his notions of transformation, paying particular attention to the ways in which we redefine ourselves to cope with different situations (as I did while visiting two specific museums in Vienna and Samos). The second will examine Bruner’s belief in the power of narrative or storytelling as ways to impose order on the uncertainties of life (as well as one’s expectations from it) that renders everyone authors of their own adaptations. In the final section I suggest that the capacity for “making stories” (Bruner’s term) assumes equal importance in psychological terms as it does for the screenwriter or adapter: all of us construct narratives through a process of individual distillation of experiences and information, and subsequently refine them through group interaction. Through this process we understand more about ourselves and our relationship to the world around us. I elaborate this notion through a brief case-study of Charlie Kaufman’s screenplay for the film Adaptation (2002).

7

Współpraca przedszkola ze środowiskiem lokalnym

94%

Kurowicka E.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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issue 3(22)

123-130

EN

Kindergarten should lead structured cooperation with the local community in order to properly perform its function. Kindergarten as an educational establishment is an integral part of the environment in which it operates. A very important element of the proper functioning of the nursery is the mutual cooperation of parents, teachers and the local environment. To cooperate with the local community to increase the quality of work of kindergartens and deepens the experience and knowledge of children. The purpose of this article is to show the forms and purposes of cooperation with the local nursery and family.

8

Swedish Special Needs Teachers’ Views on Their Work and Collaborations in Education for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

94%

Anderson L., Östlund D.

The New Educational Review

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2019

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vol. 57

225-235

EN

The aim is to analyze what characterizes the work of special needs teachers and what collaborations they engage in in schools for students with intellectual disability. Special needs teachers with degrees from three different universities in southern Sweden participated in the survey. The results show that a majority of the respondents had long experience before they started the special needs training program and they describe the direct encounters with students in the classroom as an important part of their work. Supervision and subject-development also exist, but not to the same extent as classroom teaching.

9

UNIVERSITIES IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN LATVIA

94%

Kronberga G.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2014

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issue 1

34-59

EN

Since the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the topicality of knowledge transfer research is associated with the promotion of long-term social and economic prosperity during which universities carry out not only their role of educating and research but also they must become important agents in the collaboration with wider community for social and economic development. Similarly as other countries of European Union, the changes in higher education and research that Latvia faces in the last decade are related to the introduction of the goals of Lisbon strategy. The goals anticipate the development of knowledge society in close relation with an effective national economy where knowledge takes up the leading role. Research in social sciences indicates that the collaboration between researchers and users depends on the model of knowledge transfer which is applied in the process such transfer. The interest on knowledge transfer between universities and businesses, policy makers and wider community increases in Latvia, too. Results of the research of doctoral thesis has been presented and analysed in the article. The goal is to study the university’s collaboration with other social agents in knowledge transfer in Latvia by evaluating different models of knowledge transfer. The theoretical framework is based on theories (Triple Helix, Mode 2, innovation, collaboration) which reveal collaboration between social agents in the process of knowledge transfer. In the research, qualitative approach and method of case analysis has been used in the analysis of two universities - Latvia University of Agriculture and Ventspils University College. The results of the research show that the knowledge transfer in universities is provided through scientific (linear), demand-driven (two-way) and Triple Helix models. Knowledge transfer is promoted by purposeful process management and informal contacts. The obstacles of collaboration in knowledge transfer create social agents’ different understanding of one another and the lack of collaboration incentives (organizational, financial, time factor, etc.).

10

The Variety of Supply Chain Design: From a Standard Typology to a Relational Pragmatism

94%

Houé T., Guimaraes R.

Logistics and Transport

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2017

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vol. 34

5-14

EN

Supply chain management is at the heart of business strategy. The types of goods delivered are extremely varied and the way to deliver to the final consumer is more and more complex. Moreover, the relations between players within the supply chain take multiple shapes and have inevitably an impact on its design. This arena of complexity leads companies to use diverse kinds of relational approaches. But the relational view is itself a large field of study and a recent trend in supply chain management. It can be focuses on joint planning, coordination, and process integration between suppliers, customers, and other partners in a supply chain. Its benefits include cost reductions, an increasing reliability and a strong responsiveness to market needs. In addition, managing a sustainable supply chain involves today additional parameters like CO2 emissions reduction, energy consumption decrease, eradication of traffic congestion problems and the need for a better traceability. Besides, recent progresses in inter-companies’ communication technologies, along with a growing use of strategic partnering, has resulted in a large variety of alternative information systems approaches for supporting a collaborative supply chain management. Helped by theories and based on empirical data from specific cases companies, this exploratory and conceptual research shows the relative influence of various specific environments on the coordination of logistics flows, with a focus on relationships between different players. This work analyzes diverse types of supply chains and gives a framework confronted with some examples showing how different players create new models of logistics organization in particular situations.

11

An Argument for Investigation into Collaborative, Choreomusical Relationships within Contemporary Performance: A Practical and Theoretical Enquiry into the Distinct Contributions of a Collaborative, Co-creative Approach

94%

Rymer J.

Avant

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2017

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issue 8

EN

This paper argues that for both creators of a choreomusical work, a collaborative creative process must be worthwhile, enjoyable, or contribute something unique to motivate artists to collaborate at a time where, to some degree, technology negates the necessity to do so. Therefore, the scholar interested in choreomusical relationships should also be interested in collaborative, creative methods. The research considers cross-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary working processes in music and dance in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to enquire into the ways that choreomusical relationships have developed for composers and choreographers working collaboratively. It asks whether there are factors which should be considered in a collaborative working method between composer and choreographer to achieve a co-creative endeavor which is satisfactory for both parties. Satisfactory, co-creative results are defined by the satisfaction of both collaborators throughout the creative process, regardless of the end result. These questions were addressed both through historical analysis of collaborations within contemporary dance, and exploration of how choreomusical collaboration can be successful or unsuccessful in terms of co-creation and the satisfaction of each party within current artistic practice. Informed practical research and the use of journals coincide with a grounded theory approach: through analysis of both sets of data, factors which help and hinder choreomusical collaboration in terms of co-creative approaches were identified. The results of this analysis are presented in a spectrum model of possible working relationships between composer and choreographer; this paper applies this to case studies identified within the research in terms of cognitive innovation.

12

An Argument for Investigation into Collaborative, Choreomusical Relationships within Contemporary Performance: A Practical and Theoretical Enquiry into the Distinct Contributions of a Collaborative, Co-creative Approach

94%

Rymer J.

Avant

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2017

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vol. 8

EN

This paper argues that for both creators of a choreomusical work, a collaborative creative process must be worthwhile, enjoyable, or contribute something unique to motivate artists to collaborate at a time where, to some degree, technology negates the necessity to do so. Therefore, the scholar interested in choreomusical relationships should also be interested in collaborative, creative methods. The research considers cross-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary working processes in music and dance in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to enquire into the ways that choreomusical relationships have developed for composers and choreographers working collaboratively. It asks whether there are factors which should be considered in a collaborative working method between composer and choreographer to achieve a co-creative endeavor which is satisfactory for both parties. Satisfactory, co-creative results are defined by the satisfaction of both collaborators throughout the creative process, regardless of the end result. These questions were addressed both through historical analysis of collaborations within contemporary dance, and exploration of how choreomusical collaboration can be successful or unsuccessful in terms of co-creation and the satisfaction of each party within current artistic practice. Informed practical research and the use of journals coincide with a grounded theory approach: through analysis of both sets of data, factors which help and hinder choreomusical collaboration in terms of co-creative approaches were identified. The results of this analysis are presented in a spectrum model of possible working relationships between composer and choreographer; this paper applies this to case studies identified within the research in terms of cognitive innovation.

13

Creation through Polychronization

94%

Matthias J.

Avant

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2017

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vol. 8

EN

I have recently suggested that some of the processes involved in the collaborative composition of new music could be analogous to several ideas introduced by Izhikevich in his theory of cortical spiking neurons and simple memory, a process which he calls Polychronization. In the Izhikevich model, the evocation of simple memories is achieved by the sequential re-firing of the same Polychronous group of neurons which was initially created in the cerebral cortex by the sensual stimulus. Each firing event within the group is contingent upon the previous firing event and, in particular, contingent upon the timing of the firings, due to a phenomenon known as “Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity.” I argue in this article that the collaborative creation of new music involves contingencies which form a Polychronous group across space and time which helps to create a temporary shared memorial space between the collaborators.

14

Creation through Polychronization

94%

Matthias J.

Avant

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2017

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issue 8

EN

I have recently suggested that some of the processes involved in the collaborative composition of new music could be analogous to several ideas introduced by Izhikevich in his theory of cortical spiking neurons and simple memory, a process which he calls Polychronization. In the Izhikevich model, the evocation of simple memories is achieved by the sequential re-firing of the same Polychronous group of neurons which was initially created in the cerebral cortex by the sensual stimulus. Each firing event within the group is contingent upon the previous firing event and, in particular, contingent upon the timing of the firings, due to a phenomenon known as “Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity.” I argue in this article that the collaborative creation of new music involves contingencies which form a Polychronous group across space and time which helps to create a temporary shared memorial space between the collaborators.

15

Un enseignement purement distanciel de la traduction grâce à une plateforme collaborative est-il possible ? Leçons d’une pandémie

84%

Lacour P., Elbaz P., Jamborova Lemay D., Roesler L., Postlewate L.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2023

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issue 20

373-385

EN

This article examines the rapid and radical adaptations to total distance learning that the COVID-19 pandemic required of teachers using TraduXio, a multilingual digital translation platform for collaborative translation work (https://traduxio.org). The teachers discuss the changes that the sudden transition brought to their classroom work, which included adjusting activities to suit the evolving needs of the learners and the varying reactions of the students themselves; they conclude by providing a brief assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the 100% distance learning/teaching situation. Three main benefits of the switch to distance learning of translation are addressed: 1) making learners aware of the importance of individual interpretation in translation, 2) developing their sensitivity to consistency in translation choices across a group of translators (terminology, tense, tone), and 3) focusing their attention on the importance of discussion in the translation process.

16

Kolegiální vztahy a zapojení učitelů do rozvoje školy

83%

Stanković D.

Studia paedagogica

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2009

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issue 1

53-66

EN

It seems well established in the school development/improvement literature that improvement may only take place if based on a truly participative process. It means that not only the headteacher or the school boards are entitled to create the school vision, identify problems and plan the development, but that responsibility is distributed to many more people within and beyond the school. Teacher participation in school development is determined by multiple conditions from rather stable factors, like personal characteristics, to contextual variables, such as the norms of teacher collaboration. A research was carried out in 51 basic schools in Serbia, involving 385 teachers, in order to identify the background of individual preferences of those who participate in school development planning. The analysis shows that relations among teachers may be a burden to improvement projects once they are in progress, or, on the other hand, may increase their importance and the chances of success. Yet, most school improvement projects have improved collaboration and team work in schools, while indications that they led to further fragmentation of the staff were sporadic.

17

Problémy interpretace dějin Černé Hory

83%

Pelikán J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2018

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vol. 116

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issue 2

502-514

EN

This text deals with a synthesis of the history of Montenegro published last year. The review considers it to be a significant contribution to both Czech and European research in the history of this state, as well as of the whole of the Balkan Peninsula. It values highly that the publication is well researched factwise and that it represents the culmination of the author’s long-standing and comprehensive researches into this part of Southeast Europe. It appreciates highly the comprehensiveness of interpretation (in particular the high standard of chapters on the cultural development and bilateral relations of Montenegro with the Czech Lands, alongside its accuracy of factography and accessibility for readers. Yet, on the other hand this review points out some interpretationally disputable sections in which the author did not succeed in separating himself sufficiently from the intentionally misrepresented nationalist narrative of Montenegran history. Further critical remarks refer to, amongst others, the relationships to the Serbian nationalist movement and Serbian social and power elites; the events of World War II; the assessment of the role and importance of the supporters of Montenegran autonomy or independence after World War I, yet also in the first half of the 1990s.

18

Collaborative Relationships Among Couples: Frames of Interaction During Everyday Household Activities

83%

Arcidiacono F.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2016

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vol. 20

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issue 1

23-47

EN

The analysis of collaborative exchanges of couples during their household activities is at the core of this paper. Although the management of responsibilities around household tasks is a potential source of contention within the decision-making process about home activities, another complementary perspective considers practices of communication during household activities as ways to build or reinforce the family educational processes. Our goal is to capture these daily interactions as indicators of collaborative relationships among couples, exemplifying how communicative exchanges contribute to the creation of frames for family participation in routines. In the first part of the paper, a review of issues regarding the division of labor within the family setting will be introduced in order to examine how these aspects relate to the ongoing negotiation of responsibilities and expectations between women and men. Thereafter, the methodological design of the study will be presented, as well as the qualitative analysis of data based on the argumentative topic model. A discussion of participants’ responsibilities in household tasks will be presented as indicators of their collaborative relationships during everyday activities. Lastly, implications for family studies will be highlighted in order to illustrate how family members ascribe meanings during routines.

19

Technological Support and Problem-Based Learning as a Means of Formation of Student's Creative Experience

83%

Cakula S.

Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education

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2011

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vol. 2

46-55

EN

Problem-based learning and technology support for students in higher education investigates the new perspectives of education in connection with the change of life paradigm. The present research seeks to find out what study methods and technology support can be used for developing students' creative experience in the context of education for sustainable development. The research provides an analysis of the main concepts revealing the essence of the study process. The opportunities of using information technology in the study process to meet the needs of students' research activities in the form of cooperative learning are described. The research is based on Dewey and Brunner's theory as a basis of the educational process in the modern world of technologies. Developing creative experiences is a basic concept for sustainable development of education in today's information society.

20

Challenges of migration for the social pedagogy in Swedish context

83%

DYCHAWY ROSNER I.

Papers of Social Pedagogy

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2016

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issue Migration as a social process 1(4)

6-16

EN

The key aspects to how the Swedish social insurance system is implemented are a high degree of universalism and the promotion of equality. The aim of this article is to explore certain issues of complexity in recent societal changes, in order to understand how to facilitate the provision of social welfare to disadvantaged migrant groups. The arguments presented in this article draw on contemporary research, current statistical resources and secondary sources in considering institutional aspects of social work and the provision of social pedagogy. The outlined contemporary issues concerning the migration situation in Sweden are reflected upon social segregation and social protection considered to be crucial to social pedagogy regimes. It is found that hidden social structures embedded in policy of e.g., multiculturalism may be counterproductive for the integration of new arrives.

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