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EN
This is a review of Egyptian sarcophagi, probably the most spectacular artefacts in Polish collections, exclusive of those which appeared as a result of organised archaeological excavations. The survey has contributed to verifying some erroneous information in the literature of the subject, provided new information concerning less well-known artefacts of that type and, above all, drew attention to Aleksander Branicki (1821-1877) and his previously unknown excavation work in Egypt.
EN
The present article constitutes a semantic analysis of the adverb razem (pl. together), the most representative unit in the set of the so-called collective adverbs. While rejecting the definitions presented in dictionaries, in which the meaning of the unit is expressed through the notions of 'place' and 'time', the author considers its sense as based on the sender's holistic perception of object in the extralinguistic reality. The state of mind is always conditioned by the specificity of actions of a collective agent or an agent operating on a given set.
EN
The paper explores the desire of accumulating in our contemporary society by analysing two processes: that of archiving and that of collecting; and how these are represented in literature, in novels such as Everything is Illuminated, which deals with the preservation of memory through the archive; and The Collector, which brings a different perspective on the act of collecting, namely, the relationship between collecting, possession and fetishism.
Światowit
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2018
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vol. 57
223-236
EN
Count Michał Tyszkiewicz (1828–1897) was one of the most renowned collectors of the ancient classical art at the end of the 19th century. His interest in archaeology and ancient art was developed during his travel through Egypt in 1861. His Journal of the Travel to Egypt and Nubia, fortunately found in 1992 in Poznań, recounts this journey. From Egypt, Michał Tyszkiewicz brought a collection of antiquities, estimated to have comprised c. 800 objects; today, over a half of them can be found in museums in Paris (Louvre), Warsaw, Vilnius, Kaunas, and Moscow. The majority of the objects originated from excavations conducted by the count, particularly in Thebes (Luxor area), by virtue of an official licence granted to him exceptionally by Mohamed Said Pasha – the then head of the Egyptian state. The present article discusses the circumstances of granting of this permission in the period when a strict state monopoly was imposed on archaeological investigations and presents the course of the excavations along with their results.
EN
Collection as a kind of a set and an object of bibliographical descriptionThe paper aims to define the notion of the collection as a notion of a particular set of elements and to formulate the guidelines concerning the bibliographical description of papers dealing with sets of elements (e.g., lexical units, morphological units) of this kind.In the first part, definitions of the collection are analysed, both in general language and in specialised language of logic, development psychology, information theory, cognitive science and theory of art. On the basis of these definitions, two types of collections are distinguished: the “functional” collection and the “attributive” one. The set of definitional features of the “attributive” collection is proposed, contrasting the notion with such notions as exemplar, collage, montage, repertoire, and class of abstraction. These definitional features are the following: (1) the elements of the collection are numerous, (2) they share (at least) one common feature, (3) not all the elements which share the common feature are included in the collection, (4) the composition of the collection is a result of a conscious selection, (5) the ordering of the collection elements gives an accurate picture of a whole set.In the second part, titles of the papers stored in the database iSybislaw are analysed in order to find out which definitional features of the collection they reveal. On this basis, the guidelines concerning the bibliographical description of papers dealing with the collection of language units are proposed in order to meet the needs both of a person who seeks the information about the elements of the collection and of a person who seeks the information about the elements of a superset of the collection. Kolekcja jako typ zbiorowości i przedmiot opisu bibliograficznegoCelem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie pojęcia kolekcji jako pojęcia oznaczającego pewien szczególny typ zbiorowości oraz sformułowanie wskazówek dotyczących opisu bibliograficznego prac poświęconych tego rodzaju zbiorowościom (np. zbiorowościom jednostek leksykalnych, morfologicznych itp.).Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest analizie definicji kolekcji, zarówno w języku ogólnym, jak i w językach specjalistycznych: logiki, psychologii rozwojowej, teorii informacji, kognitywistyki oraz teorii dzieła sztuki. Analiza ta pozwoliła wyodrębnić dwa typy kolekcji: „funkcjonalną” oraz „atrybutywną”. Pozwoliła też wyróżnić cechy definicyjne kolekcji „atrybutywnej”, które odróżniają ją od takich pojęć, jak egzemplarz, collage, montaż, repertuar oraz klasa abstrakcji. Cechy te można ująć w sposób następujący: (1) kolekcja jest wieloelementowa, (2) elementy kolekcji charakteryzują się (przynajmniej) jedną wspólną cechą, (3) kolekcja nie obejmuje wszystkich elementów charakteryzujących się tą wspólną cechą, (4) skład kolekcji jest wynikiem świadomego doboru, (5) uporządkowanie kolekcji ma na celu wiernie odzwierciedlać cały zbiór, którego ta kolekcja jest podzbiorem.Druga część artykułu poświęcona jest analizie rekordów zgromadzonych w bibliograficznej bazie danych iSybislaw. Celem analizy jest stwierdzenie, jakie definicyjne cechy kolekcji znalazły odbicie w rekordach bibliograficznych. Analiza ta pozwoliła sformułować wskazówki dotyczące opisów bibliograficznych prac poświęconych zbiorowościom o charakterze kolekcji, tak aby opisy te służyły zarówno osobie, która poszukuje informacji o elementach kolekcji, jak i osobie, która poszukuje informacji o elementach zbioru, którego kolekcja jest podzbiorem.
EN
The paper aims to define the notion of the collection as a notion of a particular set of elements and to formulate the guidelines concerning the bibliographical description of papers dealing with sets of elements (e.g., lexical units, morphological units) of this kind. In the first part, definitions of the collection are analysed, both in general language and in specialised language of logic, development psychology, information theory, cognitive science and theory of art. On the basis of these definitions, two types of collections are distinguished: the “functional” collection and the “attributive” one. The set of definitional features of the “attributive” collection is proposed, contrasting the notion with such notions as exemplar, collage, montage, repertoire, and class of abstraction. These definitional features are the following: (1) the elements of the collection are numerous, (2) they share (at least) one common feature, (3) not all the elements which share the common feature are included in the collection, (4) the composition of the collection is a result of a conscious selection, (5) the ordering of the collection elements gives an accurate picture of a whole set. In the second part, titles of the papers stored in the database iSybislaw are analysed in order to find out which definitional features of the collection they reveal. On this basis, the guidelines concerning the bibliographical description of papers dealing with the collection of language units are proposed in order to meet the needs both of a person who seeks the information about the elements of the collection and of a person who seeks the information about the elements of a superset of the collection.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie pojęcia kolekcji jako pojęcia oznaczającego pewien szczególny typ zbiorowości oraz sformułowanie wskazówek dotyczących opisu bibliograficznego prac poświęconych tego rodzaju zbiorowościom (np. zbiorowościom jednostek leksykalnych, morfologicznych itp.). Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest analizie definicji kolekcji, zarówno w języku ogólnym, jak i w językach specjalistycznych: logiki, psychologii rozwojowej, teorii informacji, kognitywistyki oraz teorii dzieła sztuki. Analiza ta pozwoliła wyodrębnić dwa typy kolekcji: „funkcjonalną” oraz „atrybutywną”. Pozwoliła też wyróżnić cechy definicyjne kolekcji „atrybutywnej”, które odróżniają ją od takich pojęć, jak egzemplarz, collage, montaż, repertuar oraz klasa abstrakcji. Cechy te można ująć w sposób następujący: (1) kolekcja jest wieloelementowa, (2) elementy kolekcji charakteryzują się (przynajmniej) jedną wspólną cechą, (3) kolekcja nie obejmuje wszystkich elementów charakteryzujących się tą wspólną cechą, (4) skład kolekcji jest wynikiem świadomego doboru, (5) uporządkowanie kolekcji ma na celu wiernie odzwierciedlać cały zbiór, którego ta kolekcja jest podzbiorem. Druga część artykułu poświęcona jest analizie rekordów zgromadzonych w bibliograficznej bazie danych iSybislaw. Celem analizy jest stwierdzenie, jakie definicyjne cechy kolekcji znalazły odbicie w rekordach bibliograficznych. Analiza ta pozwoliła sformułować wskazówki dotyczące opisów bibliograficznych prac poświęconych zbiorowościom o charakterze kolekcji, tak aby opisy te służyły zarówno osobie, która poszukuje informacji o elementach kolekcji, jak i osobie, która poszukuje informacji o elementach zbioru, którego kolekcja jest podzbiorem.
EN
The article seeks to address the question of functionality of poetics in understanding the organization of cultural space such as a museum or art gallery. The author asserts that reading museum space can correspond with reading a continuous narrative which includes all art collection, or that it can be read as anthology of individual and varied pieces of art. The comprehension of a museum should also involve the understanding of its contextual elements such as the symbolism of its architectural design or location. The author analyzes twosituations: when the buildingis designed to function as museum and when the museum building has been adapted for this purpose. This latter function may pose a challenge as in this case its past will remain present and will interfere with the new narrative.
EN
The Potocki of Krzeszowice Family Archive held in the National Archives in Krakow contains an inventory of kontush sashes compiled by Krystyna Potocka née Tyszkiewicz (1866-1952). The collection was created by Katarzyna Potocka née Branicka, the wife of Adam (1825-1907), for her son Andrzej. Many sashes came from family possessions; others were gifts from friends or purchases from antique dealers. The collection was first sketchily described by Katarzyna Potocka herself, and then in years 1898-1904 by Andrzej Potocki's wife Krystyna. It was she who compiled a kind of an inventory, with 133 entries written on 135 wide-lined pages of a notebook, one page dedicated to each sash. The description accurately depicts characteristic features of the items, with notes on their size, make, colours, decoration and the state of preservation. Signatures have been meticulously copied and some entries are even accompanied by drawings of the most interesting details, placed besides the signatures.
EN
The article recalls the role of Vienna as an art collecting centre in the 18th and 19th century and thus a place well known to both Princess Izabela Lubomirska - the Lubomirski family had a residence there, the so-called Lubomirski Schlösschen, since the 1790s - and to her outstanding son-in-law, Count Stanisław Kostka Potocki, husband of her daughter Aleksandra née Lubomirska. Their frequent visits to the capital of the Empire were connected with purchases of artworks for the Wilanów museum collection, and their contacts with a circle of artists and collectors in Italy are confirmed by many extant documents. The Habsburg collections, the reform of artistic education launched by Empress Maria Theresa, various models of collection-gathering, an interest in the ideas of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, and the art collection and library of Carl Gottard Firmian held in Milan, with which Princess Lubomirska and Count and Countess Potocki were familiar; all this provided them with unquestionable inspirations in creating the Wilanów museum.
EN
The article summarises the state of research on Poland’s population in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Early Modern Times; at the same time it indicates the necessity and possibility of correction of the present assessments. So far historical demographers have been concentrating on counting the country’s population at two temporal points: 1340 and 1580. In the first case they concentrated on the registers of Saint Peter’s pence, and in the other – on the tax registers. The two sources do not inform directly on the size of the population, but rather on the amount of paid taxes: per head, per household, the size of acreage or the value of property. For almost a hundred years a special methodology has been created to use those sources for the needs of demography, and in the literature there have appeared several conversion factors to assess the size of the population. In spite of all that and because of the imperfection of the source basis, a defective edition and different conversion factors applied by various researchers, the assessments of the size and structure of the population of the Kingdom of Poland in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Early Modern Times that have been made so far, are not entirely satisfactory.
PL
The subject of the paper is a private ethnographic collection, assembled over the past years by Stanisław Iwańczak, a retired farmer and a construction worker, in the village of Niedzica, in the southern region of Polish Spisz, displayed in a former farm building. The collection consists of agricultural tools and crafts, furniture, housewares, costumes, utensils, religious pictures, photographs, books, letters, decorations. In the creation of the collection were also involved Mr. Iwańczak’s children, who emigrated to the United States in the 1990s. The conducted ethnographic research shows that the collection plays an important role in preserving not only ancestral identity, but also a wider one – local and regional. The reconstructed traditional interior hosts periodical family celebrations, especially during the annual visits of Mr. Iwańczak’s children, photo shoots exhibitions, local folklore music concerts and school classes concerning the culture of the region. This self-made museum, with collected objects de memoire, seems to be a kind of mental and cultural shelter for the members of the family living abroad, as well as for the local community. The collection is an anchor preventing people from losing the contact with the tradition of the region. It represents the heritage of absence, at the same time playing the role of a transmission belt linking generations, enabling trans valuation of this heritage in the modernized environment.
EN
John Chrysostom (349–407) provides the most comprehensive commentary on the Pauline epistles from the patristic era. During his priestly mission in Antioch (386–397) and his episcopate in Constantinople (398–403), he wrote over 200 homiletic commentaries on the entire Pauline epistolary body of work. This research attempts to analyze how Chrysostom interprets Paul’s verses concerning the collection and uses them to organize and transform the ecclesial groups into communities of love, particularly paying attention to the poor. The study focuses on the works of John Chrysostom on Rom 15:25–29. Based on his interpretation, the status of debtors in the spiritual blessings is the main reason why the Romans had to be more earnest in almsgiving, imitating the Macedonians and the Achaeans who had helped the community in Jerusalem. He also encourages them to reform their lives, cutting off the superfluities, luxurious lifestyles, and bad attitudes in squandering money on other selfish needs. At the same time, he stirrers them up to meet their needs moderately, which meant using only the goods that are truly necessary for a healthy and dignified life so that they would always have something to share with the poor.
13
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Relics, Collections, and Memory

88%
PL
The article begins with an analysis of a modern relic and of relics in general. This leads to a twofold conclusion: we do not know of a society without relics; and the cult of relics is a cult of individuals, groups, or events these relics are believed to be related to. Relics therefore preserve the memories of those of whom they are relics. As such, they are tools of memorising, but not the only ones. Images, written texts, and recordings are also tools of memorising. Images and written texts belong to the class of objects called semiophors which contains all objects included in collections, the meaning of which depends upon the collection they are part of. It is therefore important to distinguish different types of collections: treasuries, private collections, museums (as well as libraries and archives), protected historical monuments, etc. The history of collections seen from this perspective appears to be tantamount to the history of the tools of memorisation, i.e. to the history of external memory preserved and contained in the objects. Recordings are not semiophors. They form a different class of objects because their meanings cannot be disclosed without special apparatuses which transform the physical traces left on them into images or sounds. Hence one may say they form a second belt of external memory, the first being formed by semiophors. The last and most recent belt is composed of all computers with their servers interconnected into the World Wide Web. This is a completely new type of tool of memorising, which duplicates all the previous ones and enables the user to retrieve an incomparably greater quantity of data, to do it much quicker, and to give virtual access to it to almost everybody.
Muzealnictwo
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2020
|
vol. 61
172-180
EN
The paper presents the results of the academic museum Project called Anthropological reinterpretation of the Siberian collections from the Ethnographic Museum in Cracow that came from Polish 19th-century explorers of Siberia financed by the National Programme for the Development of Humanities (2016–2019). Four major topics of investigation among the collections’ source communities have been presented: Benedykt Dybowski’s collection from Kamchatka, Konstanty Podhorski’s collection from Chukotka, Nenets’ clothing donated by Izydor Sobański, and two cult figurines which reached the Cracow Museum from Jan Żurakowski. The presentation reveals the assumptions of the in-field museology: the method combining the anthropological perspective with museology elements. Furthermore, the digital repository www.etnomuzeum.eu/syberia is discussed; it is the one that makes the collections and research results available online. The paper may prove of interest to professionals curating collections, culture researchers, historians, cultural anthropologists, art historian, conservation services, museology theoreticians.
Prace Etnograficzne
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2014
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vol. 42
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issue 2
95–108
EN
The subject of interest in this paper is the topic of social features of the fashion show, treated as an important ritual and institution of the clothing industry. The first aim of the article is the analysis of the structure of the fashion shows, treated as a specific art form and social organisation; second - an indication of the most important social functions of fashion shows in modern Western societies.
16
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Broumy a pomístní jména

75%
EN
In this paper, we discuss minor place-names of the Broumy villages and especially their usage in various social groups and changes of names over time. First, we introduce conditions for the collection and retrieval of the respondents, then we highlight on the basis of material obtained, some specific phenomena, whether in the form of specific language name, or depending on the individual speakers. The analysis of these names use the older sources, Teresian land-register and the collection of minor place-names from the territory of Bohemia deposited in the Department of Onomastics of the Institute of the Czech Language ASCR and the Czech Language Atlas.
17
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CULTURE IN AUSTRO-AZERBAIJAN BILATERAL CONTACTS

75%
EN
The paper characterizes bilateral relations between Austria and Azerbaijan, with particular emphasis on culture as a field of cooperation of the two countries. Azerbaijan is an important power in the South Caucasus due to its strategic geographic location and ample energy resources, but it faces challenges to its stability, the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh included. Austrian diplomacy has long been developing relations with the Caucasus states, adopting a clear stance on the Nagorno- Karabakh conflict. The main research problem tackled in the paper concerns the role of culture in bilateral relations between Austria and Azerbaijan. The adopted research hypothesis focuses on the scope of support that can be extended by a country with considerable experience in the growth and promotion of its culture to a country which is in the course of developing its legal and political spheres and wishes to safeguard the role of culture in this process. The paper comprises four parts. Part one describes the tasks of Austria’s public diplomacy, part two discusses the foundations of present day relations between Austria and Azerbaijan, part three highlights activities undertaken jointly by the two countries to safeguard the cultural heritage of Nagorno- Karabakh, and finally part four recaps the cultural component in bilateral relations as well as presents the currently implemented cultural and scientific projects. The conclusions focus on the evaluation of programs, projects and legal regulations signed in the last dozen years, aimed at fostering cooperation between democratic states and a country involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. An additional element was the assessment of the cooperation for the protection of the cultural heritage in the conflict area. Support for cultural institutions, scholarship programs, material-heritage protection and education is the best investment in the development of the civil society in developing countries, but is also a tourism incentive and stimulates investment. The bilateral relations between Austria and Azerbaijan aim to develop democratic institutions and the civil society in Azerbaijan, support the growth of the non-oil sectors of its economy and bolster its ability to combat terrorism, trafficking and other transnational crimes.
EN
The XIX century was the moment of the rapid development of the periodicals in Poland. On the market appeared thematic magazines dedicated to specific groups of readers, amongst them polish journals devoted to women, which began to appear almost 100 years after the European debut. The article focuses on the polish magazines for women from 1818-1914, which are part of the Ossolinski National Institut collection.
PL
Wiek XIX był okresem gwałtownego rozwoju czasopiśmiennictwa. Na rynku wydawniczym coraz częściej pojawiały się czasopisma tematyczne, skierowane do konkretnych grup odbiorców, wśród nich polskie periodyki adresowane do kobiet, które zaczęły ukazywać się prawie 100 lat po europejskim debiucie. W artykule omówiono polskie czasopisma kobiece z lat 1818-1914 znajdujące się w zbiorach Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich.
EN
Until the early 13th century, collections of canon law were issued by private individuals. In 1210, Pope Innocent III promulgated a collection of canon law for the first time in the history of the Church, sending it with a bull to the University of Bologna. In 1226, Pope Honorius III promulgated a collection of his own decretals together with the constitution of Emperor Frederick II by sending them with a bull to the University of Bologna. Similar steps were taken by Pope Gregory IX in 1234, Pope Boniface VIII in 1298, and Pope John XXII in 1317. Pope Benedict XIV sent a collection of his constitutions with a promulgation bull to the University of Bologna in 1744. In 1917 Pope Benedict XV promulgated Codex Iuris Canonici with an apostolic constitution. Pope John Paul II also promulgated both the Code of Canon Law with an apostolic constitution in 1983 and the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches with an apostolic constitution in 1990. It is the legislator’s obligation within the the process of implementing new laws to publicly announce the collection of law, so that its addressees can become acquainted with the norms of law included in it, and so that these norms can become the applicable law.
PL
Do początków XIII w. zbiory prawa kanonicznego były gromadzone przez osoby prywatne. W 1210 r. papież Innocenty III dokonał pierwszej w dziejach Kościoła promulgacji zbioru prawa kanonicznego, przesyłając go wraz z bullą do uniwersytetu w Bolonii. W 1226 r. zbiór własnych dekretałów z dołączoną do niego konstytucją cesarza Fryderyka II promulgował papież Honoriusz III, przesyłając go wraz z bullą do uniwersytetu w Bolonii. Tak też uczynili: w 1234 r. papież Grzegorz IX, Bonifacy VIII w 1298 r. i Jan XXII w 1317 r. Papież Benedykt XIV w 1744 r. przesłał zbiór swoich konstytucji wraz z bullą promulgacyjną do uniwersytetu w Bolonii. W 1917 r. papież Benedykt XV promulgował Konstytucją apostolską Codex Iuris Canonici. Również Jan Paweł II promulgował konstytucją apostolską Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego w 1983 r. Papież ten promulgował konstytucją apostolską Kodeks Kanonów Kościołów Wschodnich w 1990 r. Do przebiegu procesu wprowadzenia prawa w życie należy obowiązek ustawodawcy publicznego ogłoszenia zbioru prawa, aby adresaci mogli zapoznać się z normami prawa w zbiorze zawartymi i by mogły one stać się obowiązującym prawem.
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