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Subject-Verb Concord with Collective Nouns or the Count-Mass Distinction: Which is More Difficult for Polish Learners of English?

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Dziemianko A.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 4
449-468
EN
Two aspects of English syntax were chosen for closer analysis in the present paper, i.e., subjectverb concord involving collective nouns in the singular and the syntactic marking of noun reclassification from the category of uncountable nouns to that of countable ones with the help of the indefinite article. The study aims to find out which of them is more difficult for Polish learners of English and whether the degree of difficulty depends on the learners' proficiency in the foreign language. The discussion is based on the results yielded by an empirical study in which intermediate and advanced Polish students of English took part. The subjects had to complete partial English translations of Polish sentences with specific low-frequency English nouns which substituted true English equivalents of the Polish nouns shown in the sentences. The study reveals that marking subject-verb concord in the case of collective subject nouns was as difficult for the subjects as signaling the count-mass distinction by means of the indefinite article and the zero article, respectively.
2
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Nazwy osobowe w opowiadaniach Agnieszki Zimnowodzkiej jako tekstowy komponent dziecięcej konceptualizacji świata

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Łuc I.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2022
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vol. 29
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issue 1
49-64
EN
The subject of the article is a selection of personal names excerpted from „Humorki” ( Little Humours ) – a cycle of short stories by Agnieszka Zimnowodzka, which constitute, in the author’s opinion, an important component of a literary communication that reproduces children’s conceptualization of the world. Their specificity, mechanisms of creation and motives for selection were determined by: the addressee’s age, the author’s creative intention, the applied genre and stylistic convention, the functions attributed to namesand subordinated to text pragmatics. The collected set of names was interpreted in the motivational-communicative platform as text and as semiotic and semantic structures. An analysis of the collected anthroponyms revealed a few creative tendencies typical of the writer’s creative workshop. By creating proper names with appellative bases pointing to the characters’ qualities, she follows children’s conceptualization of the world based on trying to experiment with the language. Therefore, the names have a form of naming neologisms derived by means of word building. In the acts of creating proper names, the author applies some particular naming models, within which the names created in series can be indicated. The writer brings together personal names and other onymic categories which complete their meanings and maximise the power of the message, making use of both verbal and situational humour.
3
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Expressions nominales de la pluralité. La France, les Français, le peuple français : propriétés partagées et différences

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Lecolle M.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2020
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vol. 9
131-142
EN
This paper aims at analysing and comparing several nominal expressions of plurality from a semantic and a discursive perspective: inhabited place names (cities, countries – la France), plural nominal syntagmas (les Français), human collective nouns (le peuple français, la population française, l’opinion française). From a denotative point of view, these expressions may be compared and may sometimes be substituted for one another, but each of them has distinctive characteristics, concerning the potential for ambiguity, the lexical meaning, the globalizing vs individualizing interpretation. By analysing mainly political discourse and basing our study on a semantico-referential approach, we will attempt to grasp the discursive and rhetorical stakes involved in the use of these different nominal expressions.
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Nierozpoznane collectivum w językach tocharskich: toch. A pratri ‘bracia’

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Witczak K. T.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 9: Sinologia
119-133
EN
The interpretation of Tocharian A pratri ‘brothers’ is highly controversial. Some re-searchers interpret it as the nominative dual of the East Tocharian noun pracar (m.) ‘brother’ (= Toch. B procer), others as an irregular form of the nominative plural, and yet others suggest that the form in question should be treated as a scribal error. The present author demonstrates that the collective noun *bhrātriyā (f. coll.) ‘brotherhood’ is securely attested in the Indo-European languages, cf. Attic Greek φρᾱτρίᾱ, dial. φᾱτρίᾱ (f.) ‘brotherhood; people of kindred race, tribe, clan’; Lithuanian brotìja (f.) ‘circle of the most faithful friends’; Old Slovenian bratria, Old Chakavian bratrja, Old Russian братрия (f. coll.) ‘brotherhood’, Old Polish (rarely) bratrza (f. coll.) ‘brotherhood, brothers’ (< Proto-Slavic *bratrьja f. coll. ‘brotherhood’). Toch. A pratri ‘brothers’ derives from the same Indo-European archetype and represents a nomen collectivum used as the nominative plural. A similar phenomenon is attested in the Slavic languages, cf. Pol. bracia (nom. pl. ← f. coll.) ‘brothers’, earlier ‘brotherhood.’
PL
Forma tocharska A pratri ‘bracia’ nie posiada jednoznacznej interpretacji. Jedni badacze interpretują ją jako mianownik liczby podwójnej, urobiony od apelatywu pracar (m.) ‘brat’ (= toch. B procer), inni jako mianownik liczby mnogiej, a kolejni dopuszczają możliwość, że forma ta została wywołana błędem pisarskim. Autor niniejszej pracy dowodzi, że w językach indoeuropejskich funkcjonował rzeczownik o znaczeniu zbiorowym: *bhrātriyā (f. coll.) ‘brać, bractwo’, por. gr. att. φρᾱτρίᾱ, dial. φᾱτρίᾱ (f.) ‘braterstwo; ród, plemię, klan; związek rodowy, fratria’; lit. brotìja (f.) ‘krąg najwierniejszych przyjaciół’; stsłe. bratria, stczak. (XV w.) bratrja, strus. братрия (f. coll.), stpol. (rzadkie) bratrza (f. coll.) (< psł. *bratrьja f. coll. ‘brać, bractwo’). Do tego samego archetypu sprowadza się toch. A pratri ‘bracia’, która reprezentuje dawne nomen collectivum, użyte w funkcji liczby mnogiej. Podobne zjawisko pojawia się też w językach słowiańskich, por. pol. bracia (nom. pl.) ‘fratres’, dawniej f. coll. ‘brać, bractwo’.
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