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PL
Autorka omówiła psychologiczne konsekwencje pozostawania bez pracy oraz zanalizowała bezrobocie wśród młodzieży w latach 1993-1997 w województwie tarnowskim. Przedstawiła inicjatywy przeciwdziałania bezrobociu prowadzone przez Rejonowy Urząd Pracy w Tarnowie wspólnie z Tarnowskim Ośrodkiem Pomocy Psychologicznej.
EN
Paper made by an employment adviser of the Regional Employment Office in Tarnów, a psychologist by profession, shows common attitudes of unemployed graduates. Despair, hopelessness and idleness are main barriers to take up a job. These are psychological consequences of being unemployed, because a job constitutes certain value in itself for everybody. The authoress emphasizes the need of being active and getting to know yourself, your strengths and rules of effective job-hunting, which guarantee achieving professional success by everyone, and especially by a graduate. For young people, their own activity, ability to use professional information and various forms of help offered by the local Employment Office, become a great chance for them on a local labour market. Passiveness, torpidity and lying the responsibility for being unemployed with institutions or with situation of socio-economic transfer occurring in the country become their threat. Thus, only self-involvement in job-hunting becomes a "key" to professional success. This paper also includes statistical data on a condition and structure of unemployment recorded in a REO in Tarnów. Detailed analysis of an unemployment phenomena occurring among young people shows an importance of the problem and necessity to take up appropriate actions.
EN
Reaching for already numerous and outstanding volumes of professional literature - this paper shows directions and ways of stimulating endeavour of those who are unemployed. An importance and value of small companies in relieving tensions on the labour market has also been discussed here. Means and devices used to encounter unemployment on that market have been characterised and evaluated in this paper, while paying particular attention to so called active forms, which include the development of endeavour by creating small companies.
PL
Artykuł zawiera omówienie wybranych sposób zmniejszania bezrobocia oraz innych napięć na rynku pracy. Szczególną uwagę zwraca autor na te z nich, których praktyczna realizacja mogłaby przyczynić się do poprawy sytuacji na tarnowskim rynku pracy. Prezentuje aktywne formy przeciwdziałania bezrobociu, wskazuje na znaczenie wykształcenia i doskonalenie kwalifikacji w zdobywaniu pracy, przedsiębiorczość zatrudnionych i bezrobotnych, sposoby popierania przedsiębiorczości przez władze lokalne czy upowszechnianie tzw. nietypowych form zatrudnienia.
EN
This paper provides analysis of local labour market of Tarnów during the period of economic transformation in 1990-1996. Domestic market has been taken as a point of reference and comparisons. This survey analyses the degrees of economic stimulation of the population; it shows changes applied to a group of people employed on the basis of a contract of employment in the branches of national economy. Besides, it shows the movement of full-time employees (hiring and firing), and the level of registered unemployment. While assessing the latter phenomenon, change tendencies (Beveridge's curve), and dividing of unemployed according to their job seniority, the duration of being unemployed, age and education have been taken into consideration. Surveys, which have been carried out, point to two evident stages of situation being formed on a labour market: in 1990-1993 - negative tendency (employment decrease and unemployment increase) and in 1994-1996 - positive tendency (employment increase and unemployment decrease). In the final part of the paper, some issues of active employment policy have been discussed, the same as prevention and combating of unemployment.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane kwestie przemian lokalnych rynków pracy w okresie transformacji gospodarki w latach 1990-1996 na przykładzie województwa (regionu) tarnowskiego na tle rynku pracy w Polsce. W analizie rynku pracy uwzględniono m.in.: stan aktywności ekonomicznej ludności, zasoby pracy, poziom zatrudnienia i bezrobocia, skutki bezrobocia, przeciwdziałanie i sposoby jego zwalczania, racjonalizację zatrudnienia i stwarzanie warunków do powstania nowych miejsc pracy.
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