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EN
A piece of work that requires the interplay of at least two different codes, e.g. written text and elements of design, is a multimodal text (Serafini 2011, 342). These include short or feature films, video games and comic books. The focus of this paper is comics, the non-interactive texts that, nevertheless, need a reader to be vivified (McCloud 1994, 36-37); a flexible platform for new ways of expression which often provides formidable challenges upon translation.Comic books, often referred to as graphic novels, have become a respected literary form often compared to novels rather than pulp fiction which they used to be classified as. Their growing cultural relevance and increasing recognition shift the gravity of choices made by translators working with these texts. Comics often take on much-debated themes, such as gender, feminism or postcolonial issues; that adds to the importance of comics in a current pop-cultural discourse.Nonetheless, the most unique aspect of these texts is their form, which incorporates static visual images organised “in deliberate sequence” (ibid., 7-9) and text. Even though there are instances of comics with no text, it usually is present; without the imagery, however, it makes little or no sense and vice versa. Moreover, the connection between text and image as well as between the images themselves may be intricate and multilayered, making it even more challenging for translators to tackle.Drawing on examples from classics such as Maus, V for Vendetta, Peanuts and the Asterix series, this paper expands on the aforementioned translation issues and underlines the cultural significance of comic books and graphic novels.
EN
Comic books are increasingly being used as a material for creating theatre plays. In Poland, first theatre adaptations of comics appeared in the mid-20th century, but on Broadway, comic strips have provided source material for theatre plays since its outsets in the late 1800s. In this paper I present a short history of the most important comic book adaptations for the theatre in Poland, with an emphasis on plays based on a Henryk Jerzy Chmielewski’s series Tytus, Romek i A’Tomek. I ponder upon the connotations between comic books and music, and bring into consideration many different forms that comic book adaptations can take. Above all, I analyse in details a few examples (Polish productions Staś i Zła Noga [Staś and the Bad Leg] by Bartłomiej Błaszczyński and Kajko i Kokosz by Marta Ogrodzińska, and an American production Spider-Man: Turn Off The Dark by Julie Taymor) for the purpose of discussing the strategies of putting the comic book stories onto the stage and the difficulties involved with the process.
EN
In the last few years, we can see a growing interest in both comic book and video game research. As new means of expression, the period of visual communication, and as cultural texts, these media increasingly come together. In this text, I would like to look at three types of overlapping areas between comics and video games: two types of games in the form of comics and the adaptation of a comic book to a game. The dominant research perspective in this text is comic studies. The games will be analyzed in the light of the theory of comics and the definition of comics. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate tropes in these games at the stylistic and structural level, and to identify semantic differences between a comic book and a game.
EN
Death as a political commodity in the comic book Ljubazni leševi by Zoran Panevski and Ivica Stefanovi The paper deals with the motif of death shown in the comic book Ljubazni leševi by Ivica Stevanović and Zoran Penevski. The author focuses on death “stolen” by the government of the fictional country, which is then used as a commodity in the process of controlling citizens. Death is not feared any more by anyone, which may have catastrophic consequences. Enslaving death may lead to the furious destruction of ethics in society, which is one of the main messages of this comic book allegory.
CS
Smrt jako politické zboži v komiksu Ljubazni leševi Zorana Panevského a Ivici Stefanoviće Článek se zabývá motivem Smrti, jak je představena v komiksové knize Ljubazni leševi Ivici Stevanoviće a Zorana Penevského. Soustředíme se na Smrt, která byla „ukradena“ vládou fiktivní země a následně zneužita jako obchodní artikl v procesu kontroly obyvatelstva. Smrti se již nikdo nebojí, což má za může přinášet katastrofické následky. Zotročení smrti může vést ke zběsilému ničení morálky lidské společnosti, což je jedno ze zásadních poselství této komiksové alegorie.
PL
Batman jest jednym z najstarszych i jednym z najbardziej popularnych supebohaterów, co powoduje, że staje się on ciekawą postacią do zanalizowania. Celem tego artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób Mroczny Rycerz był przedstawiany w różnych rodzajach mass mediów, kładąc największą uwagę na sposób kreowania jego wizerunku. Analiza ta ma udowodnić, żew komiksach, w serialach telewizyjnych i filmach, pisarze, artyści i reżyserzy przedstawiali Batmana w różny sposób. To, co jest również ważne, to fakt, że każdy twórca opierał się na tych samych historiach, postaciach i przygodach tego superherosa. Jednak kluczem do zrozumienia, dlaczego Batman został pokazany w taki, a nie w inny sposób, jest czas, w jakim zostało stworzone dane dzieło, ponieważ popkultura traktowana jako proces zmieniała się i wciąż się zmienia. Uwagę należy zwrócić na to, że postać ta stanowi centrum jednego z największych komiksowych uniwersów, które zostało zbudowane wokół jego osoby w ciągu prawie osiemdziesięciu lat. Wciąż jesteśmy świadkami jego nowych historii, co sprawia, że Mroczny Rycerz jest jednym z najbardziej dochodowych superbohaterów.
EN
Batman is one of the oldest and one of the most popular superheroes, what makes him very interesting object to analyze. This thesis intends to show how the Dark Knight was portrayed in the different kind of mass media, paying special attention to his images. The aim of this analysis is to prove that in comic books, tv series and movies, writers, artists and directors presented Batman in various ways. What is important is the fact that everyone of them derived from the same Batman stories, characters and adventures. The key, however, is the time, when these pieces of work were created, because the popculture was and still is changing. The significant point is that this character is the heart of the largest universe, which has developed around him for almost eighty years. Still we are witnesses of new stories, what makes the Dark Knight the most profitable superhero.
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2015
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vol. 8
|
issue 1(14)
167-172
PL
W dniach 23–24 października 2014 r. odbyła się w Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu czwarta edycja Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Niewygodne dla władzy. Ograniczanie wolności słowa na ziemiach polskich od wieku XIX do czasów współczesnych”. Wydarzenie ma charakter cykliczny i organizowane jest co dwa lata przez Instytut Informacji Naukowej i Bibliologii UMK. W czasie obrad zaprezentowano dwadzieścia pięć referatów o zróżnicowanej tematyce. Większość z nich miała charakter interdyscyplinarny. Obejmowały ingerencje cenzorskie na łamach prasy oraz wobec książek, również dotyczące publikacji kartograficznych, komiksów, czy cenzury korespondencji.
EN
On 23–24 October 2014 the fourth edition of the National Conference “Unconvenient for the authorities. Restricting freedom of speech in Poland from the 19th century to the present” was held in Toruń. The event is cyclical and is organised every two years by NCU Institute of Information Science and Book Studies. Twenty-five speakers presented papers on various subjects. Most of them had an interdisciplinary character. Papers related to the interference of censorship in the press, books and maps, comic books and correspondence.
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2018
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vol. 14
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issue 4
126-149
EN
The article stands as a proposition of a methodological clarification of the so called transmedial narratology as a comparative studies. By using the existing applications and understandings of transmedial narratology the author is suggesting a necessity of broadening the dominant models with a historical (diachronical) perspective connected with a transmedial archeology approach to a given narratives. The author is trying to illustrate his project by showing a comparative look at some of the Captain America’s fictional narratives with theirs different ideological and political meanings according to a changing (trans)medial and temporal realities.
PL
Artykuł stanowi propozycję metodologicznego doprecyzowania tzw. narratologii transmedialnej jako projektu badań o charakterze komparatystycznym. Wychodząc od istniejących zastosowań i ujęć narratologii transmedialnej, autor sugeruje konieczność poszerzenia dominujących wzorców przede wszystkim o perspektywę historyczną (diachroniczną), związaną z docelowym uprawianiem swego rodzaju transmedialnej archeologii wobec wybranych narracji. Autor obrazuje postulowany przez siebie projekt na przykładzie komparatystycznego spojrzenia na wybrane narracje towarzyszące fikcyjnej postaci Kapitana Ameryki, z uwagi na uzależnione od zmieniających się realiów (trans)medialnych oraz czasowych ich znaczenia ideologiczno-polityczne.
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