Search results

1

Rynek jako „narzędzie” pomocy potrzebującym. Etyczne aspekty marketingu społecznie zaangażowanego

100%

Kwarciński T.

Prakseologia

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2012

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issue 153

297-314

EN

The aim of my article is to answer whether the market should be a “means” to help the poor. I analyze and evaluate the cases of using market to supply aid, especially the issues focused on Cause Related Marketing (CRM). I claim that it is better to separate market activities from the helping activities than, via commercialization, blur the distinctions between the two. The thesis is supported by developing a moral critique of CRM. I propose four types of critique: CRM’s participants motivation, the treatment of beneﬁciaries, CRM’s social consequences and consumers’ attitudes.

2

The Surrogate’s Womb

100%

Hochschild A. R.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 2

42-52

EN

The essay focuses on reproductive tourism and estrangement not only from our products and people who produce what we consume but also from our emotions and our intimate lives. Concretely, the author focuses on experience of commercial surrogates in India – poor women in whom a couple’s embryo is implanted and who carry that baby to term for domestic or foreign clients. Drawing on interviews, the author analyses the world’s largest womb rental service and how – out of financial need – the surrogate manages her emotional ties to her own body.

3

Komercjalizacja publicznego szkolnictwa wyższego. Dylematy moralne

100%

Dylus A.

Prakseologia

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2005

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issue 145

7-19

EN

The report attempts to present these moral dilemmas which refer to the process of commercialization in the state schools on the university level. The reflection over the issue is proceeded by a short characterization of the process of commercialization of the university education with regard to the situation in Poland in particular. For the sake of sistematization of the problem, there has been assumed a criterium: main functions performed by academic workers (excluding their research work). Here is the enumeration (in brief points) of the chosen moral dilemmas connected with the funtion of an organizer of education: – institution of public service... selling private property – mission of the university vs the problem of „job-oriented” studies – moral ambiguity of paid education – social injustice in unequal access to free education – controversy over pricing educational services The dilemmas of academic teachers can be referred to as: – seeking the „right measurement” of educational burdens – the necessity of violating the institution of Sundays – the issue of the quality of service provided – How much to demand? Accepting the „production” of social anti-elites or disloyalty against your own environment How to evaluate knowledge?

4

Evaluation Of Distributors In the Process Of Commercialization Of Innovative Production

100%

Olena B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2019

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issue 3

36-42

EN

Distributors operating in the distribution channel and performing the same activities do not always do it in the same way. For a manufacturer relationships with some distributors will always be more beneficial than with others. It may become clear that the distributor who sells the largest volumes of goods, in fact, does not bring much profit to the producer, whereas a small trading company may have a significant potential. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and optimize each aspect of cooperation with distributors. The analysis and optimization should be performed bearing in mind both the manufacturer and the consumer. The paper presents an evaluation of the system of distributors during the commercialization of innovative production. The evaluation is conducted on the example of companies from the chemical industry and is based on the improved criteria. For each assessment criterion, the appropriate scale and formula for calculating the integral estimate are determined. The proposed approach deepens the existing theoretical and practical approaches in marketing distribution policy.

5

Commercialization Methods of a New Product/service in ICT Industry: Case of a Science & Technology Park

100%

Aslani A., Eftekhari H., Hamidi M., Nabavi B.

Organizacija

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2015

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vol. 48

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issue 2

131-138

EN

Purpose: Commercialization is a step toward new products/services development. Due to high rate of product/service failure in ICT industry, the purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate commercialization methods implemented by companies that operate within ICT industry at the Science and Technology Park of University of Tehran. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of this study is of field research type. After examining commercialization methods presented in the literature and confirming methods found by the discipline elite, structured interviews were conducted addressed managers and experts of ICT companies. Results: Three methods of “joint research contracts”, “exhibitions” and “spin-offs” are among the most common commercialization methods used by companies. Conclusion: Due to uncertainties that exist in ICT industry, companies should consider different strategies in order to develop successful products and services. Finally, specific policies are determined to implement each commercialization method in knowledge-based companies.

6

Przemiany szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce po roku 1989 – w stronę komercjalizacji systemu?

100%

Pląsek R.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2016

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issue 1(239)

63-81

EN

The article discusses the changes that have occurred in the Polish system of higher education since 1989. The author points to the changes of law that organized the functioning of the sector, from Higher Education Act (1990) to the amendment to the Law on Higher Education (2011), pointing to different legal solutions to the trend towards the commercialization of the system and the consequent commodification of higher education.

7

Przemiany szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce po roku 1989 – w stronę komercjalizacji systemu?

100%

Pląsek R.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2016

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vol. 61(1 (239))

63-82

PL

The article discusses the changes that have occurred in the Polish system of higher education since 1989. The author points to the changes of law that organized the functioning of the sector, from Higher Education Act (1990) to the amendment to the Law on Higher Education (2011), pointing to different legal solutions to the trend towards the commercialization of the system and the consequent commodification of higher education.

8

Czy treścią ich życia wciąż może być nauka? O tym, kim nie jest, a kim się staje profesor uniwersytetu w dobie współczesności

100%

Wężniejewska P.

Przegląd Historyczno-Oświatowy

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2021

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vol. LXIV

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issue 1-2

39-52

EN

Aim: The aim of the article is to show that the ideology of commercialization cannot affect all areas of a human life, and the society and its indispensable part, which is the academic community, should have the right to decide on the directions of scientific development. The central figure of a university should be the professor, not the university’s administration. Methods: The comparative historical research was applied. It belongs to the social sciences which make it possible to study and examine historical events in order to create explanations that are valid beyond a particular time and place, either by a direct comparison to other historical events, theory building, or a reference to the present day. Results: The conducted research shows that a professor ceases to be a key person for the decision-making processes that are fundamental to the functioning of the university. The professor loses the possibility of fulfilling his/her historically conditioned role, because today this role is undergoing rapid and radical transformations. Conclusions: The processes that are taking place (including the commercialization of science) certainly have a negative impact on the academic community, and thus on the entire society. It is necessary to radically change the narrative about the university (intercepting the narrative).

9

Health care system and health services reform as a challenge for public authorities in Poland

100%

Lizakowski P.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2019

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vol. 5

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issue 4

7-25

EN

The health care system in Poland is an important element of the activities of state authorities. Public opinion polls confirm the need for reforms in this area. The health sector comprises healthcare, public health and health-related social welfare activities and as a whole requires operational improvement. Well planned activities should improve health security in general. One of the ways to improve the effectiveness of healthcare entities is commercialization of independent public healthcare institutions. It is in line with the generally observed tendency to more and more frequently outsource tasks to external entities by public administration. In this way, the traditional tasks of public administration, so far performed mainly by the public finance sector, are entrusted to private entities. However, this does not change the scope of public authorities’ responsibility for the functioning of healthcare security.

10

Commercialization of the Media – TVP Case

100%

Seklecka A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2012

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vol. 41

461-471

EN

In the process of political, economic and social changes that have taken place in Poland since 1989, state radio and television, so far carefully controlled by the communist government, could not remain unaff ected. The establishment of a new order required several years and involved numerous changes in management and the content of programs. It is often said that this process has not been completed yet. What can be observed a$ er twenty years of transformation is the commercialization of media, whose “public” status is present only in their name. This is particularly apparent in the analysis of Polish television. In fact, the activity of this media is based on certain market mechanisms, including the desire to reach high viewership, attract the attention of advertisers and as a consequence, to maximize profit.

11

Economic Determinants Of Intellectual Property Development In Ukraine

100%

Schwödiauer G., Maslak M.

MIND Journal

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2021

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issue 12

1-11

EN

A detailed analysis of the negative trends in the development of intellectual property has been carried out, which create significant risks for Ukraine to lag behind technological leaders, reduce the independence and competitiveness of the economy, and devalue domestic investments in science and technology. The main ways of commercialization of intellectual property are determined: the use of intellectual property rights in one's own production; the introduction of rights to objects of intellectual property rights in the authorized capital of the enterprise; transfer (sale) of intellectual property rights. Emphasis is placed on the need to use as an objective criterion for determining the market value of an intellectual property object using the economic effect that the user of this property expects to receive within a certain period of time.

12

The impact of the diversification of revenues on NGOs? commercialization: evidence from Poland

100%

Mikołajczak P.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 4

761-779

EN

Research background: The commercialization of non-governmental organizations through undertaking an activity based on the commercial sale of services and products is a phenomenon which raises controversy among numerous researchers. Traditionally, NGOs act in a sector of social services to solve problems, such as homelessness, exclusion or social pathologies. They also provide different services which cannot be provided by the market, for instance in education, the healthcare system, culture, or art. Driven by a social mission, NGOs introduce their concepts, strongly relying on fees to perform their activity. They also obtain funds in the form of public donations or payments from private or institutional donors. Growing social needs and changes in the governmental policy aimed at reducing social-aid spending have put pressure on NGOs to develop entrepreneurial strategies to gain financial support. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate how particular funding sources affect the probability of non-governmental organizations? commercialization. Methods: Data for the analyses have been collected from a national survey of Polish non-governmental organizations. In the analysis of logistic regression, a specially-developed model was used to estimate the probability of NGOs? commercialization, depending on the selected categories of funding sources. Findings & Value added: An analysis of the results indicates clearly that the likelihood of NGOs? commercialization slightly decreases as a greater number of private external financial sources is used. In contrast with existing literature, which claims that government funding is crowding out commercial activity, this research finds that, to some extent, public funds positively stimulate the commercialization of NGOs. The contribution of this research is that it introduces the category of internal financing sources of non-profit organizations, which have been overlooked in previous studies. The article provides clear statistical arguments demonstrating that private internal revenues strongly affect the commercialization of the organizations surveyed. The paper is the first to present a model that comprehensively considers the probability of NGOs? commercialization, including private external and internal, as well as public, sources of funding.

13

Ochrona prawna niedzieli.Próba uzasadnienia

88%

Dylus A.

Prakseologia

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2013

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issue 154

187-199

EN

The article focuses on contemporary Poland to address the question why Sunday needs legal protection. The deliberations start with a short review of the legal status this protection has Pursuant to these findings the matter of further regulations has been settled. The legal situation in Poland is briefly compared to the one in other countries. The article then discusses if the norms of positive law are more appropriate a security for Sunday than customary, ethical and religious norms, and if Sunday requires constitutional protection. Th e fundamental part of the article describes common arguments in favor of Sunday`s legal protection. Among them are those that are rather unconvincing – or even counter-productive – and those that have greater potential to convince public opinion and legislators. Comments on the right strategy to reach the aim of giving Sunday the legal protection, appropriate both in form and in content, are the crowning of these deliberations.

14

Space Act of 2015: proměna statu quo ve vesmírných aktivitách?

88%

Štoudek M.

Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

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2021

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vol. 27

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issue 1

47-72

EN

Th e article provides an analysis of the consequences of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act 2015 on geopolitics of the Outer Space. In the first part is provided the critical review of development of the space law regime to the nowadays. This section mentions both international and national space legislation. Then uniqueness of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act 2015 is brought up. Th e main part, and original contribution of the article is provided in following chapters which contain: 1) legal debate on possible violation of international agreements, in particular the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. Among the Outer Space Treaty‘s key points are that it forbids claiming celestial objects and mentions that the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefi t and in the interests of all countries and shall be the province of all mankind; 2) impacts of the implementation of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act 2015 on international relations; 3) issue of commercialisation of space activities and transformation of space sector to so-called New Space.

15

Wybrane aspekty społecznego funkcjonowania wytworów wiedzy archeologicznej i archeologii we współczesnej Polsce

88%

Pawleta M.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2015

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vol. 20

373-396

PL

In the article an attempt has been made to conceptualise the presence and range of the functioning of the products of archaeological knowledge, indirectly also archaeology, in social space in modern Poland, in the context of broader transformations of modern man’s attitude towards the past. The ambition of the author has been to formulate certain regularities, observable in the processes of making prehistoric past present in modern times and to formulate specific developmental trends in this respect. The article describes the basic strategies of manifesting archaeological past, and shaping their trends, namely sensational attitude towards archaeological discoveries, reconstructionism, dramatisation of the past and its festivalisation. It also discusses the characteristic elements of the aforementioned trends, which create the specifics of the modern man’s approach towards the past, including the prehistoric past.

16

Job satisfaction of occupational physicians in commercial and other delivery settings: A comparative and explorative study

88%

Plomp H., Beek A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 4

672-682

EN

Objectives: Commercialization of occupational health services (OHS) and transition to a supplier market which started in 1995, has affected work and working conditions of occupational physicians (OPs) profoundly. OPs have lost influence on the organization of their work and managers took over control. This study explores the impact of commercialization on job satisfaction of occupational physicians. Material and Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 797 OPs, members of the Netherlands Association of Occupational Medicine (response: 45%). A range of work satisfiers and dissatisfiers measures was included that, according to the Social Action Approach, could explain the variation in job satisfaction. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were performed to explore to what extent the differences in job satisfaction can be attributed to the characteristics of the setting, biographical variables, satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Results: Occupational physicians in commercial settings had the lowest average score as regards job satisfaction (6.7) contrasting sharply with their colleagues in private practices (8.7) and in non-commercial settings (7.9). The variation in job satisfaction between delivery settings could largely be attributed to satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Biographical characteristics (age, gender) had no effect. The data suggested that not commercialization as such, but the ability of commercial OHS providers to integrate professional values was the crucial factor to bring about job satisfaction. Conclusions: The challenge for commercial OHS providers is to preserve the professional zeal in OPs by integrating professional values in their organization in order to improve the quality of the services and the attractiveness of the profession.

17

Economics Imperialism and some of its Unintended Consequences

88%

Kucz M.

Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education

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2016

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issue 6

14-29

XX

Studying the problem of the invisible hand may be very insightful, but also it brings up some dangers. As an ethicist, I would like to mention one very important axiological danger that occurs in some studies conducted by social scientists on the market especially linked to the invisible hand assumption. It is a danger of moral reductionism that results from assumption that rules of invisible hand are scientific laws. We might say that economic imperialism is not anything special. It is popular that when a scholar develops good theory, he tries to apply it to the widest possible range of phenomena, but in most cases, he is put in his place by fellow scientists. Economists, surprisingly, succeeded in widening the scope of their investigation without any loud objections. In my paper, I would like to explore the idea that economic imperialism is a leading paradigm in many spheres of science which has resulted in unintended social consequences. If we want to overcome this paradigm, we need to start with redefining, reinventing, revaluing the language we use.

18

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США

75%

Ричкова М.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

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issue 4(58)

55-61

EN

The main features of physical education in the system of higher education in the USA are singled out in the article. Also the peculiarities of physical education in the United States are theoretically grounded. American experience in the field of physical education is considered and analyzed. It is noted in the article that American positive experience is an important source for the development of new approaches to physical education and improvement of the existing system of physical education in the universities of Ukraine. It is stressed that over the last forty years physical education in the United States of America took an intensive path of development and reform and currently represents one of the most successful and efficient systems. It is pointed out in the article that physical education, sports and various physical activities of the participants of sports programs help to increase students’ motivation for education and have a positive impact on their success. The article reveals the analysis of the main features in the system of higher education in the USA and enables the identification of characteristic features and helps to identify the positive aspects of physical education and apply this experience in domestic practice. There are the following features of physical education in the United States: a harmonious combination of education and entertainment of students; financial support of physical development of students; well-developed system of elective classes and recreation; commercialization and professionalism of student sport. Analyzing the features of physical education in the United States, one should take into account the fact that the USA has accumulated the vast experience in the field of physical education. Physical education and sport lift the spirit and promote the association of students for various tasks. Sporting successes of students is strongly supported by the community of colleges and universities. Therefore one may come to the conclusion that the studies and positive experience of the United States will contribute to the study of new approaches and ways to improve the existing system of physical education in Ukraine. Therefore, a thorough examination of the issue will help solve the problems, because the modern system of physical education needs to be improved and the introduction of new techniques and approaches.

19

Regenerative Medicine as an Emergent Cluster in Tampere Region

75%

Heinonen T., Ortega-Colomer F. J.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 4

139-160

EN

Clusters are important for regional economies and emergent clusters are in a key position, as a means of adding more diversification to the current economic activity by involving new technologies and industries. Science-based industries may be the most promising in this regard since they are encouraged to develop and enhance the economic imaginaries of territories under the umbrella of radical innovations or in the name of broadening the current economic model based on mostly traditional industries. Regenerative medicine (RM) could be an example of these so-called emergent clusters. Regenerative medicine is highly dependent on academic research, which means that local territories must fund the research in this field and, hence, they expect some returns as well. As territories do not typically have existing industries specifically in RM, these industries must emerge or expand from existing ones. Regenerative medicine involves a wide spectrum of different technologies and industries that are likely to form a cluster and benefit from it if successfully developed. The first aim of this paper is to show how some obstacles eventually impede the proper development of these emergent clusters. The second aim is to shed light on how innovations emerge in the cluster and what are the main implications for the territory. In this study, existing literature is used in order to describe the technology market and commercial aspects of the RM sector. Empirically this study is based on the emergent RM cluster in the region of Tampere in Finland. Analysis of 24 conducted interviews helps to contextualize the emergence of the RM cluster in Tampere, where academia is both the booster and the driver of the emergent RM cluster. Commercialization of research in the RM field is one of the goals at the university, even though there are no commercial outcomes yet available. This study contributes to the understanding of emergent cluster development in science-based industries in their embryonic and early stages. Major challenges are pointed out in an emergent cluster that calls for tailor-made socio-economic policies at the meso-level. Tailored policies matter in science-based clusters, and specific sectors in specific stages of development need specific policies in order to become matured clusters.

20

Knowledge commercialization at universities with regard to geothermal water deironing technology

75%

Kłosok-Bazan I., Machnik-Słomka J.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2014

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vol. nr 3

79--92

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienia z zakresu komercjalizacji wiedzy w uczelniach wyższych. Za studium przypadku posłużył proces komercjalizacji technologii odżelaziania wody geotermalnej. Opisano zakres działań zrealizowanych w procesie komercjalizacji tej technologii w odniesieniu do przeprowadzonych analiz, wyboru strategii oraz przesłanek przemawiających za urynkowieniem technologii. Ponadto w artykule omówiono aspekty związane z kierunkami i determinantami procesu komercjalizacji wiedzy na uczelniach wyższych.

EN

The article presents the issues of knowledge commercialization at universities. Geothermal water deironing technology is used as a case study of the technology commercialization process. A description is given to the range of activities carried out in the commercialization of this technology with respect to the analyses, and the choice of strategy and reasons in favour of marketing the technology have been reported. In addition, the article discusses aspects related to the direction and determinants of the process of knowledge commercialization in universities.

Refine search results

Rynek jako „narzędzie” pomocy potrzebującym. Etyczne aspekty marketingu społecznie zaangażowanego

The Surrogate’s Womb

Komercjalizacja publicznego szkolnictwa wyższego. Dylematy moralne

Evaluation Of Distributors In the Process Of Commercialization Of Innovative Production

Commercialization Methods of a New Product/service in ICT Industry: Case of a Science & Technology Park

Przemiany szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce po roku 1989 – w stronę komercjalizacji systemu?