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EN
Based on a questionnaire survey conducted in a group of 100 students from the two Poznań seminaries, the authors of the article are trying to reconstruct the language awareness of young clergy in the field of polite linguistic habits. The responses show that for the vast majority of clerics language politeness is perceived as an action focused on interpretation (as an individual and socially), that they well understand its importance for communication, that they consider both a lack of politeness and exaggerated, artificial politeness as improper. Some respondents use the vocabulary associated with religion (e.g. bliźni, brat, chrześcijański), and they also indicate a kind of compulsion to be polite – the need to respect the rules of political correctness. Clerics recognize the differences between the politeness of language in their dealings with their peers and with older people, especially with the larger distance in relation to the elderly. In addition, they take into account, although less frequently, age, dependence on the environment, education, level of maturity.
PL
Na podstawie badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w grupie 100 kleryków z dwu poznańskich seminariów Autorki artykułu próbują zrekonstruować świadomość językową młodych osób duchownych w zakresie grzecznościowych zwyczajów językowych. Z odpowiedzi wynika, że zdecydowana większość kleryków postrzega grzeczność językową jako działanie nastawione na interpretację (tak indywidualną, jak i społeczną), dobrze rozumie jej wagę w komunikacji, za rażące uważa zarówno brak grzeczności, jak i grzeczność przesadną, sztuczną. Niektórzy ankietowani używają przy tym leksyki związanej z religią (np. bliźni, brat, chrześcijański), wskazują też swego rodzaju przymus grzecznościowy – konieczność respektowania zasad poprawności politycznej. Klerycy dostrzegają różnice między grzecznością językową w swoich kontaktach z rówieśnikami a z osobami starszymi zwłaszcza w większym dystansie w stosunku do starszych. Poza wiekiem uwzględniają oni, choć rzadziej, zależność od środowiska, wychowania, poziomu dojrzałości.
EN
Our aim in this article is to outline the specific forms of communication in a school with reference to the practical knowledge of a phenomenon that we call a culture of recognition and esteem. We analyze the verbal, non-verbal, semiotic, discursive and mimetic aspects of communication practices and show their social functions within the school we observed. It is necessary to understand and analyze recognition and esteem as praxis, i.e. as an ensemble of intentional as well as unintentional pedagogical practices. These practices constitute a culture of recognition and esteem that furnishes those involved in a school with a reference framework and performative space. The inquiry is applied to an inner-city primary school in a socio-economically problematic district. The data have been produced within a cooperative programme of ethnographic research that has lasted more than twelve years and was initiated in the context of the Berlin Ritual Study at the Free University of Berlin. As fieldwork was restricted in terms of time and thematic focus, we followed a specific dimension of school ethnography. Our findings are based not only upon observation but also upon the recording on video of pedagogical practices. Our systematization of recognition and esteem shows a potentiality to describe a phenomenon without reducing its complexity and highlights the hard work implicit to pedagogical praxis.
EN
This paper seeks to reassess the potential of new media in transnational political communication. It questions whether a wide availability of online news sources offering diverse views could become useful means in overcoming national (cultural and geographic) barriers in reporting about global political matters.The discussion here moves on several levels of analysis. First, it draws attention to the impact of the Internet on political communication. By relying on results obtained from research studies in international (European) news communication, it also stresses the significance of contextual factors (local political, economic and cultural conditions) in transnational political communication. The paper proposes that the Internet and social media applications (blogs, social forums) may help journalists as well as citizens to retrieve background information on complex issues of global character. Simultaneously, such online communication where common interests of citizens are recognized and addressed in less formal manner may help different audiences to develop a sense of transnational understanding which could enrich news and views communicated. On the other hand, this paper also stresses that there is no universal culture of communication; instead, all characteristics of communication are related to different political, economic, social and cultural conditions where these traditions, values and norms have developed and are sustained.The paper concludes that the communication of global political matters involves two conflicting paradigms of globalization and localism. Both of these paradigms must be adequately addressed in the analysis of the role and functions of the Internet in communication of global political matters to local audiences.
EN
In the article it appears that a basis for formation of a philologist’s rhetorical identity is his rhetorical culture, which covers effective thinking, high-grade speech, high cultural and communicative level, successful implementation of the rhetoric law in all communication situations. It is proved that an important role in formation of rhetorical culture is played by the ability to make speeches on various topics. It offers traditional and innovative forms and methods of work with students in the study of the topic “The speeches in the academic eloquence of Higher Education” in the course “Modern rhetoric of higher school”. We built a lecture and practical training around the principles of consistency, continuity, interdisciplinary communications, professional and creative approach to self-realization of the personality. In order to form the rhetorical culture of the philologist we should also apply the principles of fundamental nature, axiologisation, independence, creativity, emotionality. We form professional skills, providing students with analytical exercises (rhetorical analysis of the famous scientists’ speeches, politicians, fellow group), creative exercises (preparation of campaign and thank commendable speeches, laying quote pad to the subject) etc. We become proficient in oratorical tricks: how to prepare and pronounce the speech; how to begin and finish the speech originally; how to overcome stage fright; how to get the audience interested; how to choose the appropriate language and expressive means; which methods of the argument to choose as strong; how to make the speech emotional etc. Analyzing non-verbal culture of the speaker during the speech, we find out the role of the voice, psychological pauses, smiles and so on. Students simulate non-verbal culture of the speaker by using the materials enclosed quotations. The result of processing theme is improving public speaking skills of students-philologists, qualitative growth of professional skills in the thinking-speech activity, personal satisfaction from the practical implementation of the theoretical knowledge. We see perspective in defining the role of a scientific paper in the system of formation of rhetorical culture of a philologist.
EN
The article raises the problems of future lawyers’ training in higher education institutions. The analysis of the formation state of culture of professional-and-legal communication among the law graduates is conducted. Gaps in the current training programs have been found, as well as inconsistency and obsolescence of teaching methods that are used by higher education institutions, which lead to an insufficient level of readiness for professional work and lack of competitiveness of young specialists.
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