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EN
The article analyzes the key feature of Polish school of the literature of fact, specifically the journalistic work with the heroes of the materials that are the basis of the reportorial text. Peculiarities of characters typical for Polish reportage are analyzed . Further, the article explores the specific features of communicative strategies of Polish reporters, reportorial technique. For a better understanding the visual examples from reportorial text are provided
EN
The article is of an analytical nature. The author explains the specificity of a press interview and the type of communication that is characteristic of this genre. She presents the participants of the interaction: the journalist and the interview hero. Here an unusual interview with Sławomir Mrożek published in „Duży Format” (addition to „Gazeta Wyborcza”) is recalled. The author refers to this text as an example of a game and specific communicative strategy. This example and fragments of some other interviews with Mrożek prove that the hero of the interview influences the creative character of the interview itself.
EN
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of precedence (Yu. N. Karaulov) in modern Internet communication that implements multiple logic (self-presentation, connectivity, virality, aggressive competitiveness) in the conditions of intensive development of the main metaprocesses of modernity (globalization – individualization, commercialization - mediatization, according to F. Krotz ). The authors consider the definition of «precedent text» in the context of the concept of intertextualization, identifying features of the representation of precedent in the aspect of multimedialityr (as the example of posts using text and image in the blogosphere and SMM). Thus, the intersection of media aesthetics and communication strategies of various types is investigated. The authors come to the conclusion about the reference functions of media aesthetic elements, marking the key meanings of statements.
EN
The article is dedicated to the idea of dialogism in the philosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin. The author assumes that the dialogism of this Russian philosopher of ideas and literary critic is presented in a new light as a clearly valid intention in humanistic thinking. The focus is particularly turned towards the notion of the “dialogue of agreement”. The author examines various communication strategies (of submission, tolerance, convergence). Moreover, attention is drawn to the non-authoritarian, trans-- hierarchical types of resultative communication which leads to the convergence of awareness. The dialogic relation of agreement is perceived as the ultimate goal of every dialogue.
PL
Autorka koncentruje się na zjawisku bilingwizmu w tekście pisanym, tj. celowego stosowania dwu języków w twórczości literackiej, wymagającego wysokiej kompetencji językowej (i ogólnokomunikatywnej) nie tylko od autora, lecz także czytelników. W trakcie analizy rozpatruje się różne typy bilingwizmu literackiego, uwzględniając ich zadania komunikatywne oraz związek ze strukturą systemu komunikacji. Np. wiersze makaroniczne, wywołujące efekt komiczny, powstają w takiej sytuacji socjokulturowej, gdzie stosunki języków ocenianych jako „wysoki” i „niski” układają się hierarchiczne. W strefach kontaktowych, gdzie masowa wielojęzyczność wyrasta z długotrwałych związków etnosów i kultur, powstają teksty dwujęzyczne, gdzie zmiana kodu następuje wraz ze zmianą mówiącego, gdyż z każdym z języków jest kojarzony pewien stereotyp społeczno-kulturowy. Idealna sytuacja zrównoważonego bilingwizmu – realna lub pożądana , np. konstruowana dla stworzenia solidarności politycznej – stwarza warunki do powstawania utworów dwujęzycznych, gdzie języki są niezależne od siebie, a zmiana kodu nie zależy od zmiany mówiącego, lecz celu komunikatywnego. Świadomy wybór modelu zachowania językowego w tym wypadku ma podłoże polityczno-ideowe, gdyż utrwala związek tożsamości politycznej i świadomości językowej. Jak wykazała analiza, sytuację przełączania kodu w ramach jednego tekstu cechuje ogólna niestabilność, nic dziwnego, że kończy się ona na „zwycięstwie” jednego z języków.
EN
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the bilingualism in the written text, it means intentional usage of two languages in the literary work, requiring high language (and communicative) skills not just from the author, but also from the audience. Under the analysis are diff erent types of the literary bilingualism diff ering from their communicative strategy and structure of the communicative system as whole. Thus, macaronic poems producing comic eff ect are related with a such of sociocultural situation, when relations of languages evaluated as “high” and “low” are settled hierarchically. In the regions, where mass multilinguaism is based on the longterminated language and culture contacts, bilingual texts often are composed with code-switching registed every time when the “speaker” is changed, because the languages are associated with the certain societal and cultural stereotype. Under the ideal situation of the balanced bilingualism – real or desirable and constructed, for exapmple, in order to formate political solidarity – the bilingual texts are created, where languages are independent, code-switching depends not from the “speaker”, but from the communicative strategy. Deliberate model of language behaviour in such a case has a political or ideological ground and fi xes ties between political identity and language consciousness. The analysis has showed, that situation of code-switching in one text is unstable and as such tends to the “mono” linguality.
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