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EN
The article discusses communicology, a research discipline that has been gaining increasing popularity lately, both among scholars specializing in the problems of human communication (psychologists, philosophers, linguists), and among rhetoric and auto presentation coaches and trainers. The first part of the paper presents problems related to the definition of the term communicology, and gives a wider description of two models of communication: the code and the orchestral model. This part also introduces the axioms of communication proposed by the scholars of the Palo Alto school (Paul Watzla wick, Janet Beavin, and Don Jackson), as they are the foundation of the modern, pragmatic approach to communication as a feedback process in which the role of the receiver is no less important than that of the sender. The second part of the paper focuses on selected problems related to teaching of practical communication skills. It discusses the questions of communicative competence (as understood by Dell Hymes), non-verbal communication, development of assertiveness and empathy, and also the problem of communicative e*ectiveness and of the purpose of perfecting communicative skills (interpreted from the point of view of the ritual communication model of James Carey and Eric Rothenbuhler).
PL
Communicology as a universal design is shown here as a phenomenon/process which can be accessed from a number of ‘portals’. Communicology as a design is defined as pluripotent and composed of five sphere-shaped components which contain universal and specific content. The content is assumed to embrace the totality of human communicative practices. The exposition of the content of the paper is presented in the form of summative schematics.
EN
The view on the communication process as a process in which something is communicated (transmitted), is a collective view and as such must be regarded as subject to historical changes. This article aims to analyse the metaphorical conceptualizations, which form part of the collective view, and which are important research subjects of communicology. A new division introduced in the article is the distinction between the pre-theoretical and the theoretical metaphorical conceptualization in relation to communication processes. This procedure allows for an analysis of the relationship between pre-theoretical views (conduit, container metaphor) and theoretical ones (transfer metaphor). The author suggests how the introduction of the diachronic perspective to the study of defining of communication helps to better understand the genesis of the modern understanding of communication practices.
EN
The article aims to describe the main assumptions of the so-called “Great Theory of Literacy” formulated by authors such as Walter Jackson Ong, Jack Goody, Erick Havelock and other researchers, representing various fields of science (philology, history, anthropology, communication, etc.). The basic assumption of the theory is the existence of profound differences between orality and literacy, which affect the general shape of communication, culture and society. The theory I analyze focuses primarily on confrontation, on contrasting the characteristics of oral and written language, as well as the accompanying mental and communicational contexts. At the same time, it should be noted that the Great Theory of Literacy has provoked many polemic voices that criticize the findings of Ong, Havelock and Goody. In this text I present the most important critical voices and arguments and try to determine to what extent the methodological characteristics of both the Great Theory of Literacy and theories formulated in counteraction to it could contribute to the dispute and to what extent this is a constructive discussion. My main hypothesis concerns the relatively small part of linguistic reflection in the reflection of both theoreticians of the Great Theory of Literacy and their opponents, which can significantly contribute to difficulties with the use of theoretical constructs on the basis of language and communication practice.
EN
The main goal of the essay is to discuss and elaborate on the communicative aspects of academic matriculation and inauguration ceremonies that take place at Polish universities. The word inauguration (lat. inauguratio) implies a ceremonial induction into something. Still, in Polish, it is very commonly used with an adjective ‘solemn’ or ‘ceremonious’ to mark the character of the official and ceremonial first day of the academic year. What is more, the ceremony is almost always organized in accordance with a commonly accepted prototypical program which divides the ceremony into two parts: the primary – traditional part and the additional – supplementary part. The careful analysis of the ceremony from the perspective of communication studies and communicology can shed a new light on the interpretation of the importance of such events. According to various representatives and supporters of the theory of speech acts, the ceremonies can be described as specific acts of communication that can be considered as perlocution acts. The author of the essay tries to elaborate on the understanding of the ceremonies from a broader sociological, communicological perspective.
Porównania
|
2017
|
vol. 20
|
issue 1
9-24
EN
The author focuses on basic rules of communication, which organize the relationship between the sender and the recipient. She notices that, according to these rules, the responsibility for a correct relationship between the majority group and minority groups, rests on both of them. One of the tasks for the minority groups is effective self-creation which should encourage to learn, improve knowledge and neutralize negative stereotypes. It should also equip the recipient with tools that promote a particular group in both worlds – the real and the virtual. The considerations made by the author are theoretical in nature, but are supported by observations concerning the practical implementation of the presuppositions. The author verifes the theory saying that well-implemented assumptions of imagology can help build the positive image of the minority groups in Poland.
PL
Autorka zwraca uwagę na dwie podstawowe reguły komunikologiczne, organizujące relacje między nadawcą a odbiorcą – wzajemności i zwrotności. Zauważa, że zgodnie z nimi odpowiedzialność za poprawne relacje między grupą dominującą a grupami mniejszościowymi spoczywa na wszystkich uczestnikach komunikacji. Do zadań mniejszości należy fortunna autokreacja, która powinna zachęcać do poznawania, pogłębiania wiedzy, neutralizowania negatywnych stereotypów, powinna także wyposażać odbiorcę w narzędzia promujące daną grupę w obu światach – realnym i wirtualnym. Rozważania mają charakter teoretyczny, choć poparte są spostrzeżeniami, dotyczącymi praktycznej realizacji przedstawionych założeń. Autorka weryfikuje teorię, głoszącą, że dobrze realizowane założenia imagologii mogą pomóc w zbudowaniu fortunnego wizerunku polskich mniejszości.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter studium teoretycznego ujmującego aktualny stan refl eksji nad statusem dyscypliny „nauki o mediach”. Scharakteryzowano miejsce dyscypliny w nowej klasyfi kacji obszarów i dziedzin nauki. Sformułowano cztery tezy robocze: I. Nauki o mediach sytuują się na przecięciu humanistyki i nauk społecznych [dyscyplina dwuobszarowa]; II. Przedmiotem materialnym nauk o mediach są środki społecznego komunikowania, natomiast przedmiotem formalnym jest sfera społecznego obiegu informacji i komunikacji społecznej; III. Nauki o mediach są dyscypliną o nieostro zakreślonym polu badawczym; IV. Nauki o mediach są dyscypliną o relatywnie niskiej spójności paradygmatycznej. Wszystkie tezy robocze mogą stanowić podstawę do dalszej dyskusji.
EN
This article presents theoretical contribution on the status of media studies. With a reference to studies and knowledge classifi cation four hypotheses are being discussed: I. Media studies are situated between humanities and social science; II. Among the subjects of media studies are mass media (material perspective) and the sphere of social circulation of information and communication (formal perspective); III. Media studies is the discipline with vaguely delineated research fi eld; IV. Media studies is a discipline with a relatively low coherence paradigm. All the thesis presented here provide a basis for future discussions.
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EN
This paper discusses medical communication as an issue, important from the point of view of the functioning of the health service. Attention is paid to the spheres of interpersonal and institutional communication, and selected legal obstacles in medical communication are presented, mainly in the relationship between medical personnel and the patient. The communicological aspect of the discussed issue was especially taken into account. For this purpose, the concept of communicology and the associated terminological problems have been presented. The discussed matter was analyzed through the prism of the thesis about excessive juridization of the sphere of communication.
PL
Artykuł w swojej treści odnosi się do komunikacji medycznej jako zagadnienia istotnego z punktu widzenia funkcjonowania służby zdrowia. Zwrócono uwagę na sfery komunikacji interpersonalnej oraz instytucjonalnej, a także przedstawiono wybrane przeszkody prawne w komunikacji medycznej, przede wszystkim obecne w relacji personel medyczny – pacjent. Wzięto szczególnie pod uwagę aspekt komunikologiczny omawianego zagadnienia. W tym celu dokonano przedstawienia pojęcia komunikologii i towarzyszących tej nazwie kłopotów terminologicznych. Omawianą materię poddano próbie analizy przez pryzmat tezy o nadmiernej jurydyzacji sfery komunikacji.
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