Activities of the Local Government of the Lower Silesian Voivodship for the volunteer fire brigades performing rescue, training and assistance tasks. The author describes the actions based on his own experience and observations in this area.
Stanisław Wyspiański (1869–1907) was the Polish dramatist, the poet, besides the illustrator and the painter, one of the best known artist of the Young Poland movement. His journey to Europe (particulary to Paris) became very important experience in his life. He discovered the value of loneliness, he had to be alone – as an artist and as a man. He was called “a hermit from Cracow” and for this reason his genius was not always appreciated. However, at the end of life, Wyspiański undergoes a significant transformation: he feels a strong connection to community, as a member of the nation and society, as well as a host.
The publication contains historical examples of the functioning of the volunteer fire brigades. There is presents different aspects of their operation.
Over the centuries, the issue of Holy Communion under both species has given rise to serious disputes. At the Vatican II Council, it was recognized as one of the most important elements leading the faithful to Christ. It is due to rich significance that this sacramental sign is endowed with. Holy Communion under both species allows the participants of the liturgy to take part in the Eucharist in a more perfect way. Consumption of the Body and Blood of Christ is a condition for the development of true inner life. Holy Communion reveals our profound union with Christ, who made a covenant in His own blood. Introduction of Holy Communion under both kinds facilitates a fuller participation in the liturgy of the Eucharist as it makes it easier for the faithful to experience the presence of Christ in the sacramental sign. Holy Communion taken under one form allows us to receive the whole fruit of the Eucharist, but receiving both the Body and Blood of Christ enriches and presents in the more perfect light the sign of the Eucharistic feast.
The emergence of the notion “conservative revolution” in Polish scientific literature as well as in the public debate leads to a comparison with the conservative revolution in the Republic of Weimar. The representatives of this German intellectual movement in the inter-war period induced ideological climate, which favoured the rise of fascism. Therefore, an analysis of the ideas of the representatives of Polish conservatism may be helpful in seeking an answer to the question why and to what extent Polish rightwing “revolutionaries“ draw inspiration from the German conservative ideology. This also includes the question about the responsibility for the political state of Poland and of Europe.
Ecological safety is one of the fundamental types of safety. It is a kind of safety in which every matter (including man) comes into direct contact at every moment of existence because it relates to the ecosystem. People are both creators and recipients of this safety. The subject matter therefore is about how we threaten the environment and about the ways in which the environment generates these threats. This is the reason why the principles of sustainable development are so pertinent in every human endevour. Unfortunately, man — the creator has been having an increasingly destructive influence causing a mechanical feedback of threats that endanger man — the recipient. Under these premises, the cultural education of ecological safety is a task of paramount importance. In the process of creating such a culture local communities have an unquestionable importance and volunteer fire departments constitute an integral aspect in such communities. It should be noted that both legal and sociological conditions give VFD a unique role which refers to the enormous potential of impact on the culture of ecological security. This applies in particular to the development of sensitivity, awareness and educational activities. It is worth emphasizing the fact that activities directed inwardly to a given VFD automatically affect local society, as members of a given VFD belong to the local community. External actions addressed to non members but to other people gain importance and effectiveness when cooperating with other entities of a given local society. So the potential of Volunteer Fire Departments and their impact on the culture of ecological safety is undeniable. At the same time, however, it is “only” a potential that needs to be transformed into concrete actions. What we are facing is an oppurtunity dependant on the readiness of man being the creator and recipient.
Social and voluntary work are connected historically. The relationship between social and voluntary work has undergone specific development. Contemporary values of social and voluntary work are based on principles of democracy and human rights and their aim is to promote a socially cohesive and just society. The goal of the contribution is to analyze the perspectives of volunteering in the context of social work. In the first section the historical connection between voluntary and social work is analyzed. In the second section attention is paid to changes in social and voluntary work in relation to the modernization process of society and possibilities and perspectives of future cooperation between social and voluntary work are outlined.
The correct functioning local community are determined by high fi nancial infl uences to budget. The one of basic community incomes is the property tax, which the final construction can be shaped through community organs. In the article was introduced politics of the Bydgoszcz community in range of property tax since 2005–2009. The results of researches were presented of relating property tax to the all incomes, to the own incomes and to the taxes and local payments. The politics of the Bydgoszcz community in range of property tax rates and defraying of expenses by the property tax was introduced too.
The article is based on manuscripts as well as sound and video recordings on folk medicine collected during fieldwork conducted by the researchers of the Estonian Folklore Archives in 1991–2013 from Estonians born and raised in different Siberian Estonian communities. The ancestors of the visited Estonians had either left their homeland in search of land in the last decades of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries or were descendants of those deported and exiled by the Russian tsarist authorities in the first half of the 19th century. Fieldwork at Siberian Estonians in the last decade of the 20th century enriched the Estonian Folklore Archives with invaluable lore material, including the material related to folk medicine. Although the advance of the state medicine system with small hospitals and first aid posts had reached Siberian villages half a century before, and the activity of healers had been banned for decades, the collectors were surprised by the number of healers in villages and the extent of the practical use of folk medicine. The folk medicine tradition was upheld mostly by older women (as was the case also with other fields of lore), which resulted, on the one hand, from the demographic situation, and, on the other hand, from women’s leading position in the preservation of communal traditions. In the older Siberian Estonian communities, which had been established by the deportees (e.g. Ülem(Upper)-Suetuk, Ryzhkovo), it was believed that healing words and skills were available and could be learned by anyone; they were often compared to God’s word. Some people thought that knowledge and skills could only be shared with those younger than yourself. In the villages established by exiles people were considerably more cautious about passing on healing words and the like. In most villages with southern Estonian background, healing charms were kept in secret, as it was believed that when sharing their knowledge, the healers would lose their abilities. It was only at their death’s door that the healers selected their successor. Not all the people who were offered to learn the healing skills were ready to accept the responsibility. The first or last child in the family was thought to have more prerequisites for becoming a good healer. In the first decade of the 21st century, the situation with passing on the healing words and skills had changed considerably in older Siberian villages. Many of the healers had passed away, and there were not enough young people who were interested in continuing the tradition. So the healing skills inevitably concentrated into the hands of a few wise women. Currently, the folk healing tradition in Siberian Estonian communities is fading away, above all, due to the fast aging and diminishing of the communities.
Fire protection is the community’s own task. The community performs this task in cooperation with volunteer fire brigades. For this purpose, the community provides direct and indirect financing of acting of voluntary fire brigades. The provisions allows for a significant differentiation in the method of financing their activities.
The sense of community is recognised as a key category favouring the development of local communities, conducive to the growth of social activity, supporting the activation of internal resources of the group in the field of solving social problems. The main goal of the article is to show the possibility of using the assumptions of the theory of community-relatedness in pedagogical research. The author indicates how much and to what extent the sense of community is complementing the area of research of contemporary local environments. The analysis of research on the sense of community conducted by American and European researchers determines possible areas and directions of research with particular emphasis on social participation in the local space.
The main aim of this article is to reflect on the status of ecomuseums in China. There have been both ecomuseums and discourse about them for many years in China. However, despite the existence of academic literature on ecomuseums and therefore to the general theory of ecomuseums, from some points of view Chinese ecomuseums do not seem to be aligned with general ecomuseum principles. This article reflects both on how well ecomuseums in China fit the ecomuseum characteristics defined by the theory and, ultimately, on what we can learn from the Chinese experience. Our discussion is developed on the basis of both the existing academic literature and interviews conducted by the authors.
Applied Theatre is an inclusive term used to host a variety of powerful, community-based participatory processes and educational practices. Historically, Applied Theatre practices include Theatre-in-Education (TiE), Theatre-in-Health Education (THE), Theatre for Development (TfD), prison theatre, community theatre, theatre for conflict resolution/reconciliation, reminiscence theatre with elderly people, theatre in museums, galleries and heritage centres, theatre at historic sites, and more recently, theatre in hospitals. In this paper we are positioning the application of recreational dramatic activities with older adults (55+) under Applied Theatre and we are exploring the benefits they offer to the participants. We are concerned that their health and wellbeing in western societies is not prioritized and it is clear that loneliness in particular is a current and ongoing issue. We will present research results from a drama dissertation study that took place in a community hall in the South East England where drama is placed at the core of their practice with old populations. Data was collected by a mixed method (semi-structured interviews and semi-immersive observations) and was critically discussed amongst the authors to conclude that attending recreational drama classes brings a certain degree of happiness, social belonging and improvement of interaction with others to old people’s lives.
The parish of Czerniewice is one of the rural parish in Poland. The inhabitants of the parish from the generations cultivate religious traditions of the liturgical year. Common annual ecclesiastical celebrations unite and consolidate inhabitants. The annual custom and religious rite evolve, change, part of them decline and in their place appear new. Young people are interested in continuation of tradition, their religious life is not limited to participation in Holy Mass. Thanks to elder parishioners rites and customs, both local and ecclesiastical, are passed down from generation to generation, mainly in the form of active cultivation of the Christian traditions, does not disappeared and are still repeated in subsequent generations. Participation in the social, ecclesial community, belonging to a local organization, heavily integrates parishioners and allows them setting and implement common local goals and modern social media facilitate communications.
Applied Theatre is an inclusive term used to host a variety of powerful, community-based participatory processes and educational practices. Historically, Applied Theatre practices include Theatre-in-Education (TiE), Theatre-in-Health Education (THE), Theatre for Development (TfD), prison theatre, community theatre, theatre for conflict resolution/reconciliation, reminiscence theatre with elderly people, theatre in museums, galleries and heritage centres, theatre at historic sites, and more recently, theatre in hospitals. In this paper we are positioning the application of recreational dramatic activities with older adults (55+) under Applied Theatre and we are exploring the benefits they offer to the participants. We are concerned that their health and wellbeing in western societies is not prioritized and it is clear that loneliness in particular is a current and ongoing issue. We will present research results from a drama dissertation study that took place in a community hall in the South East England where drama is placed at the core of their practice with old populations. Data was collected by a mixed method (semi-structured interviews and semi-immersive observations) and was critically discussed amongst the authors to conclude that attending recreational drama classes brings a certain degree of happiness, social belonging and improvement of interaction with others to old people’s lives.
The article is concerned with the concept of sustainable development treated as an essential mechanism of security culture. The author emphasises how important it is for the implementation of the concept to be inspired from the bottom up in the social aspect of local communities. Today, the sense of community seems to stand in opposition to the institutionalised civil society. A developmental project, in order to result in some degree of balance, should take into consideration such components of security culture as support for the poor, security of existence for future generations or a transparent delineation of the human-nature relation. The author believes that this requires a continuous promotion of lifestyles and policies leading to societies attaining self-sufficiency, a combination of theory with practice and the introduction of good, proven theory. The article features pragmatism which is meant to be consistent with the local social activism. It presents the concept of sustainable development, at the same time indicating that its requirements should be treated as practical instructions which come in useful in the transformation of ethical rules into instructions which may prove helpful in particular activities conducted on the local scale and which are aimed at solving social issues due to the efforts to increase security culture.
On “Ordinary People” at the Independence March: An Ethnography of a Street DemonstrationThis article provides an overview of the narratives and practices of participants of the Independence March, an annual street demonstration held in Warsaw, organised by nationalist associations. The study attempts to determine whether the event creates a sense of community among the participants and, if so, what kind of community it is: what symbols and values it refers to, how the participants talk about it and how they practise and experience it. O „zwykłych ludziach” na Marszu Niepodległości. Etnografia demonstracji ulicznejTematem artykułu są narracje i praktyki uczestników Marszu Niepodległości – manifestacji ulicznej organizowanej co roku z okazji Święta Niepodległości Polski przez organizacje nacjonalistyczne. Staram się ustalić, czy jej uczestnicy poczuwają się do wspólnoty między sobą i jakiego rodzaju jest to wspólnota – do jakich symboli i wartości się odwołuje, jak się o niej mówi, jak się ją praktykuje i przeżywa.
Social support concerns aiding people at various stages of their life. It is a key concept with respect to social work, pedagogy, social psychology, education and health care. Social assistance supports people and their families in their efforts to satisfy the above needs and enables them to live with dignity. In Poland, social assistance is implemented in situations that require such support, such as having own homes, providing health and well-being including food, clothing and medical care. Social work can be carried out in the area of social services, implementation of programs at the national level in collaboration with various institutions. The article author provides social support through: emotional support, informational support, instrumental, financial and spiritual support.
The aim of this article is to analyse cohousing in the context of Ray Oldenburg’s theory of a third place. The author argues that cohousing, which promotes the idea of deep social relations in connection with respect for individualism and sustainable consumption and prosumption, can be viewed as a new form of socialization similar to Oldenburg’s concept of the third place. The first part outlines ideas underlying the concept of a third place, while the second part focuses on the assumptions of cohousing and demand conditions for its development. This theoretical article continues the author’s considerations about the concept of third places in the era of globalization.
Facebook allows the transmission of information to the world. This gives a sense of power, control over life, independence and helps to express yourself and to share with others. Facebook allows, above all, to have access to unlimited amounts of information. At the same time, however, does not translate to build deeper relationships with people. Besides many values must therefore also pay attention to the dangers posed by social networking. We should pay attention to the risk of physical and mental health. One of the most serious problems seems to be alienation. It becomes necessary, therefore, to develop rules for the use of Facebook and other social media.
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