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Disorders Co-occurring with Autism – Developmental Conditions, Clinical Symptoms and Diagnostic Dilemmas

100%
Winczura B.
Logopedia
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2018
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vol. 47 EN
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issue 2
181-200
EN
Comorbidity, co-occurence of disorders are terms used to describe symptoms, accompanying psychopathological syndromes, or individual incorrect traits of behavior. It is the presence of one or more diseases (disorders) in addition to the basic disease (disorder) or the effect of additional disorders. In children with developmental disorders, there is a specific model of evolution and a tendency to develop not only one but several disorders. This phenomenon is particularly evident among people with autism spectrum disorders. It is even assumed that the comorbidity of diseases and disorders in this population is more frequent, and incorrect development in only one sphere is rare. The issues of the relationship between the spectrum of autistic disorders and other related disorders are extremely complex and involve many diagnostic dilemmas, both due to the uncertain results of scientific studies evaluating the prevalence of co-occurring disorders and due to the unusual heterogeneity observed within the autism spectrum. According to the latest data, 70% of people with autism spectrum may have one coexistent disorder, and 40% of this population has two or more additional disorders (DSM - 5, 2013). The content of the article is the analysis of comorbidity and co-occurence of disorders in people with autism spectrum, their developmental conditions and diagnostic difficulties resulting from the complexity of the pathomechanism of this phenomenon.
2
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Indirect costs in patients with coronary artery disease and mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

100%
Haschke A., Hutter N., Baumeister H.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2012
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vol. 25
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issue 4
319-329
EN
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the association of comorbid mental disorders with indirect health care costs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A comprehensive database search was conducted for studies investigating persons with CAD and comorbid mental disorders (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Psyndex, EconLit, IBSS). All studies were included, which allowed for a comparison of indirect health care costs between CAD patients with comorbid mental disorders and CAD patients without mental disorders. The literature search revealed 4962 potentially relevant studies, out of which 13 primary studies met the inclusion criteria. Depression was investigated most often (N = 10), followed by anxiety disorders (N = 3) and any mental disorder not further specifi ed (N = 3). All studies focused on return to work as indirect cost outcome. CAD patients with depression showed diminished odds for return to work, compared to CAD patients without depression (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.27-0.51). The fi ndings for comorbid anxiety and any mental disorder were inconsistent. Indirect health care costs were exclusively assessed by a patient self-report (N = 13). There is strong evidence for diminished odds of return to work in CAD patients with comorbid depression, highlighting the need for integrated CAD and depression care. With regard to other comorbid mental disorders, however, the evidence is sparse and inconclusive.
3
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Prevalence of depression in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension: DEPTH Study

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Raj Kumar Lalwani R. K., Jayesh Dashrathlal Shah J. D., Tapas Chatterjea T., Papa Rao Nadakuduru P. R., Suhas Erande S.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2019
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issue 4
315-325
EN
ABSTRACT Introduction. Depression, a common psychiatric mood disorder, is a leading cause of disability and a significant contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Aim. To determine the prevalence of depression in patients with controlled and uncontrolled type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) in India. The association of depression with socio-demographic profile and clinical risk factors was also assessed. Material and methods. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, T2DM and/or HTN patients attending outpatient department at tertiary care hospitals and private clinics across 54 cities in India were enrolled. The primary outcome measure was to determine the prevalence of depression in T2DM, HTN and T2DM + HTN patients. Association of depression with patients’ demography, socio-economic status, anxiety, and clinically diagnosed insomnia were also investigated. Results. Of 1829 patients, the prevalence of depression in T2DM, HTN and T2DM+HTN cases were found to be 51.03%, 46.94% and 48.64%, respectively. A higher proportion of patients with uncontrolled T2DM and HTN reported depression (T2DM: 77.64% vs. 22.36%; HTN: 72.49% vs. 27.51%). There was a significant association between anxiety and severity of depression across all indications (p<0.0001). Depression was significantly associated with complications in T2DM (p=0.0001) and comorbidities in T2DM + HTN (p=0.0023) cases. Conclusion. Depression is highly prevalent and has a direct significant association with various socio-demographic variables and anxiety in Indian patients with T2DM and/or HTN.
4
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A cross-sectional study of the upper limb non-neurogenic physical findings in computer operators and their relation to pain and neurological findings

86%
Jepsen K. R., Thomsen G. F., Jepsen J. R.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 5
679-691
EN
ObjectivesThe character of upper limb disorders in computer operators is subject to debate. While nerve involvement is suggested by the presenceof pain, paresthesia and subjective weakness, these symptoms are mainly interpreted as related to pathologies outside the nervous system. Findings in a previous study involving computer operators indicated peripheral nerve afflictions with specific locations in symptomatic subjects. Based on the same sample, this study addresses the relation of non-neurogenic findings to pain and neurological findings.Material and MethodsOverall, 96 computer operators scored their perceived pain in the neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand on a Visual Analogue Scale of 0–9. They underwent 2 sets of blinded physical examinations of selected non-neurogenic and neurological items, respectively. The authors analyzed correlations between the scores of each non-neuropathic finding, and a) mean pain scores for each and all regions, and b) scores for neurological patterns reflecting brachial plexopathy, median neuropathy (the elbow), and posterior interosseous neuropathy, respectively, and their combination. Kendall’s rank correlation test was applied for all statistical analyses.ResultsA median pain level of 1 or 0.5 was reported by 80 and 57 participants on the mouse-operating or contralateral side, respectively. Non-neurogenic and neurological findings were frequent. The mean overall pain correlated with palpation soreness of the neck insertions, and of the trapezius and supraspinatus muscles. Neck and elbow pain correlated with palpation soreness at the neck insertions and the lateral epicondyles, respectively. Significant correlations on the mouse-operating side were identified between posterior interosseous neuropathy and lateral epicondyle soreness, and between median neuropathy and any neurological pattern, and trapezius and lateral epicondyle soreness. Conclusions Pain correlated with palpation soreness, which again correlated with the neurological patterns. Palpation soreness may be less significant as a marker of a painful disorder as it correlated no better with regional than with overall pain. The physical examination of computer operators should include a sufficient neurological assessment.
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Výskyt a projevy dospělé formy ADHD u pacientek léčených s poruchou příjmu potravy

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Štěpánková T., Papežová H.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2019
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vol. 63
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issue 4
413-429
EN
the incidence of possible diagnose and core symptoms of ADHD between the patient and the control group. The second objective was to compare the incidence and describe the specific manifestation of ADHD core symptoms in individual diagnostic subgroups of eating disorders (ED). Sample and settings. ADHD symptoms were assessed by self and other-report forms of a BAARS questionnaire. 133 ED female patients were diagnosed according to the ICD-10 criteria during admission. The control group consisted of 93 healthy female students. Hypotheses. First, authors expected higher occurrence of ADHD in the group of patients compared to the healthy control group. Second, authors expected that the individual diagnostic subcategories of ED will differ in the occurrence of core ADHD symptoms. And third, we assumed that the result obtained by the selfreport forms of the BAARS will correspond to the other-report forms. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistic-22 and program R. Authors used chisquared test for group comparison and multiple linear regression. Results. Using self-report questionnaire of current symptoms 61 (46%) of ED patients were detected as likely having ADHD compared to 22 (24%) from a healthy control group, 37 (28%) of ED patients were identified with the high probability of ADHD diagnose compared to 12 (13%) from a healthy control group with significant differences. Comparison of the results between individual diagnostic subcategories of ED points to significant differences between patients with AN and BN. These findings are taken into account in the individualization of the pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approach. Study limitations. Due to a small sample size of atypical forms of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) authors had to limit the comparison to the AN and BN diagnostic subgroups.
CS
Cíle. Porovnat výskyt předpokládané diagnózy ADHD a symptomů ADHD u skupiny pacientek léčených s poruchou příjmu potravy a kontrolní skupiny. Porovnat výskyt jádrových symptomů ADHD v jednotlivých diagnostických subkategoriích PPP. Hypotézy. Ve skupině pacientek léčených s PPP je ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou vyšší výskyt předpokládané dg. ADHD. Pacientky léčené s PPP budou mít ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou vyšší zastoupení jádrových symptomů ADHD. Jednotlivé diagnostické subkategorie PPP se mezi sebou liší v zastoupení a typu jádrových symptomů ADHD. Participanti a postup. Výzkumný soubor byl tvořen 133 pacientkami a 93 respondentkami kontrolní skupiny. Byly administrovány dotazníky BAARS-IV a SCOFF. Statistická analýza dat. Data byla zpracována v programech SPSS, verze 22.0 a v jazyce R. Pro srovnání meziskupinových rozdílů byl použit chí-kvadrát test. V případě očekávaných četností menších než 5 byl použit Fisherův exaktní test. K odhadu velikosti bodových rozdílů mezi kontrolní a pacientskou skupinou byla použita vícečetná lineární regrese. Výsledky. Do pásma se zvýšenou pravděpodobností přítomnosti ADHD spadalo 61 (46 %) pacientek s PPP a 22 (24 %) respondentek z kontrolní skupiny. Do pásma s vysokou pravděpodobností přítomnosti dg. ADHD, spadalo 37 (28 %) pacientek a 12 (13 %) respondentek z kontrolní skupiny. Zjištěné rozdíly jsou signifikantní. Porovnání výsledků mezi jednotlivými diagnostickými subkategoriemi PPP poukazuje na signifikantní rozdíly mezi pacientkami s mentální anorexií a mentální bulimií. Prezentované výsledky slouží jako východisko k adaptaci komplexní péče o tyto pacienty. Limity studie. Pro nízký počet pacientů s atypickými formami PPP jsme analyzovali výsledky získané od pacientů s MA a MB.
6
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Zaburzenia współwystępujące z autyzmem – uwarunkowania rozwojowe, symptomy kliniczne i dylematy diagnostyczne

72%
Winczura B.
Logopedia
|
2018
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vol. 47
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issue 2
243-263
PL
Współchorobowość, współwystępowanie zaburzeń to terminy stosowane do opisu objawów, zespołów psychopatologicznych towarzyszących bądź pojedynczych nieprawidłowych cech zachowania. To obecność jednej lub więcej chorób (zaburzeń) w uzupełnieniu do choroby (zaburzenia) podstawowego lub skutek dodatkowych zaburzeń. U dzieci z zaburzeniami rozwojowymi występuje specyficzny model ewolucji oraz tendencja do rozwoju nie tylko jednego, ale kilku zaburzeń. Zjawisko to jest szczególnie widoczne wśród osób z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu, Przyjmuje się nawet, ze współwystępowanie zaburzeń i chorób w tej populacji osób jest częstsze, a nieprawidłowy rozwój tyko w jednej sferze należy do rzadkości. Problematyka zależności między spektrum zaburzeń autystycznych a innymi zaburzeniami pokrewnymi jest niezwykle złożona i pociąga za sobą wiele dylematów diagnostycznych, zarówno z powodu niepewnych wyników badań naukowych oceniających rozpowszechnianie współwystępujących zaburzeń, jak i z uwagi na niezwykłą heterogenność obserwowaną w granicach spektrum autyzmu. Według ostatnich danych 70% osób ze spektrum autyzmu może mieć jedno zaburzenie współwystępujące, a 40% tej populacji dwa lub więcej zaburzeń dodatkowych (DSM-5, 2013). Treścią artykułu jest analiza współchorobowości i współwystępowania zaburzeń u osób ze spektrum autyzmu, ich uwarunkowań rozwojowych oraz trudności diagnostycznych wynikających ze złożoności patomechanizmu owego zjawiska.
EN
Comorbidity, co-occurrence of disorders are terms used to describe symptoms, accompanying psychopathological syndromes, or individual incorrect traits of behaviour. It is the presence of one or more diseases (disorders) in addition to basic disease (disorder) or the effect of additional disorders. In children with developmental disorders, there is a specific model of evolution and a tendency to develop not only one but several disorders. This phenomenon is particularly evident among people with autism spectrum disorders. It is even assumed that the co-occurrence of disorders and diseases in this population is more frequent, and incorrect development in only one sphere is rare. The issues of the relationship between the spectrum of autistic disorders and other related disorders is extremely complex and involves many diagnostic dilemmas, both due to the uncertain results of scientific studies evaluating the prevalence of co-occurring disorders and due to the unusual heterogeneity observed within the autism spectrum. According to the latest data, 70% of people with autism spectrum may have one coexistent disorder, and 40% of this population have two or more additional disorders (DSM-5, 2013). The content of the article is the analysis of comorbidity and co-occurrence of disorders in people with autism spectrum, their developmental conditions and diagnostic difficulties resulting from the complexity of the pathomechanism of this phenomenon.
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