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Vagueness and Formal Fuzzy Logic: Some Criticisms

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Logic and Logical Philosophy
|
2017
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vol. 26
|
issue 4
431–460
EN
In the common man reasoning the presence of vague predicates is pervasive and under the name “fuzzy logic in narrow sense” or “formal fuzzy logic” there are a series of attempts to formalize such a kind of phenomenon. This paper is devoted to discussing the limits of these attempts both from a technical point of view and with respect the original and principal task: to define a mathematical model of the vagueness. For example, one argues that, since vagueness is necessarily connected with the intuition of the continuum, we have to look at the order-based topology of the interval [0,1] and not at the discrete topology of the set {0,1}. In accordance, in switching from classical logic to a logic for the vague predicates, we cannot avoid the use of the basic notions of real analysis as, for example, the ones of “approximation“, “convergence“, “continuity“. In accordance, instead of defining the compactness of the logical consequence operator and of the deduction operator in terms of finiteness, we have to define it in terms of continuity. Also, the effectiveness of the deduction apparatus has to be defined by using the tools of constructive real analysis and not the one of recursive arithmetic. This means that decidability and semi-decidability have to be defined by involving effective limit processes and not by finite steps stopping processes.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2019
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vol. 45
|
issue 2
51-68
EN
Creating optimal conditions for individuals is essential in large cities. One of the factors promoting the balanced development of civilization is the attainment of social justice in societies, which is impossible if their members are not provided with an affordable and good quality housing. There exists a range of important parameters of the housing environment, regulated by project standards, that have a significant influence on the comfort, social and psychological health of inhabitants, housing safety, etc. It was determined that social safety results from a complex impact of several interconnected factors: height of housing systems – the intensity of antisocial behavior increases together with the building height, and the 4-storey housing system is recommended as safest; overpopulation of the area – exceeding the density of the housing settling provokes antisocial behaviors on the part of residents (overpopulation can be partially dealt with by providing every individual with, at least, minimal but personal housing space; city-blocks and the housing system with yards – they intensify social interactions among the dwellers and are a condition necessary for the control over the adjacent area and the development of social and psychological comfort in the housing environment.
PL
W dużych miastach niezbędne jest tworzenie optymalnych warunków dla ich mieszkańców. Jednym z podstawowych warunków dla zrównoważonego rozwoju cywilizacji jest osiągnięcie sprawiedliwości społecznej, która nie jest możliwa bez zapewnienia obywatelom dostępnych mieszkań o wysokiej jakości. Istnieje kilka ważnych parametrów środowiska mieszkaniowego, które nie podlegają regulacji przez standardy i normy projektowania, ale znacząco wpływają na komfort, zdrowie psychiczne i społeczne mieszkańców, bezpieczeństwo zamieszkania, itp. Ustalono, że bezpieczeństwo społeczne wynika ze złożonego wpływu kilku powiązanych ze sobą czynników: liczby kondygnacji zabudowy mieszkaniowej – wraz z wysokością budynku wzrasta intensywność zachowań aspołecznych, a 4-kondygnacyjny system mieszkaniowy jest zalecany jako najbezpieczniejszy; gęstości zaludnienia terenu – przekroczenie gęstości zaludnienia osiedla wywołuje zachowania aspołeczne mieszkańców; sposobu zabudowy bloków i systemu mieszkaniowego z podwórkami, które intensyfikują interakcje społeczne między mieszkańcami.
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