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EN
The aim of a refusal letter as an answer to a job application is to communicate negative information to the person who is trying to obtain a job. For the reason of the necessity to save face as well as an inconvenience of the situation, authors of refusal letters apply various strategies aiming at mitigation of the formulated refusal. The objective of the article is to present structural elements of refusal letters containing complimenting phrases, as well as an analysis of language means used in such phrases.
EN
Unlike the majority of linguistic researchers, we consider the compliment as a speech genre, and a praise as a speech tactic of a positive assessment of the addressee. This tactic is the main and only speech tactic designed to serve the complimentary purpose, which expresses a positive attitude towards the interlocutor. Specifics of the compliment as a speech genre are defined by it possessing communicative independence and completeness. Unlike other genres of speech etiquette, the compliment is not attached to a certain situation and represents a facultative element of phatic communication. The etiquette essence of a compliment presupposes a certain convention of its contents, therefore theoretically it is supposed that the stated positive assessment shouldn’t be verified by the addressee. However, the importance of the category of sincerity for the Russian language consciousness determines the fact that in modernRussian communicative culture there is a special style of compliment which is caused by an aspiration of the sender to evoke trust of the interlocutor to the contents of a statement made. Markers of this style are various language emotional and estimated means and the structural-syntactic features particular to spontaneous informal conversation.
EN
There are many shades of the phenomenon of flirtation. We may speak about coquetry in literature, movies or advertisements. We may analyse both verbal and non-verbal aspects of the phenomenon in question in various periods, places and social groups. The main aim of the paper is to discuss only one “shade” of flirtation, namely conversations held by Scarlett O’Hara and Rhett Butler from M. Mitchell’s novel Gone with the wind from the rhetoric point of view.
EN
The aim of the paper is to identify the linguistic exponents of Russian compliments. The examples which will be analyzed come from contemporary Russian. We will consider direct and indirect compliments, paying attention to such phenomena as presupposition and implicature as well as to the pragmatic functions of utterances. An analysis of communication strategies will allow us to present the specific features and role of compliments in linguistic communication in Russia.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie językowych eksponentów rosyjskich komplementów. Przykłady, które będą analizowane, pochodzą ze współczesnego języka rosyjskiego. Rozważymy bezpośrednie i pośrednie komplementy, zwracając uwagę na takie zjawiska, jak presupozycja i implikatura, a także na pragmatyczne funkcje wypowiedzi. Analiza strategii komunikacyjnych pozwoli nam przedstawić charakterystyczne cechy komplementów i ich rolę w komunikacji językowej w Rosji.
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