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1

Miarkowanie zachowku w świetle praktyki orzeczniczej

100%
Miler D.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
75-107
EN
The article discusses the conditions of the applicability of the abuse of right regulated in article 5 of the Polish Civil Code to a compulsory portion claim. After a brief examination of the general conditions of the applicability of article 5 of the Polish Civil Code to compulsory portion claims, the conditions for reducing the amount payable under a compulsory portion under article 5 of the Polish Civil Code are discussed. In particular, three grounds for the reduction are considered in details: a difficult economic situation of the person liable for the compulsory portion, a change of the value of the estate due to an independent from the person liable for the compulsory portion phenomenon and the person entitled to a compulsory portion's act that is contrary to the principles of community life and took place during the deceased’s (testator’s) life. In that context, the author proposes allowing the reduction of the amount of the compulsory portion under article 5 of the Polish Civil Code under the first two grounds mainly on the basis of an economic analysis of the case circumstances. The author of the article advocates allowing reducing the amount of the compulsory portion also due to an act of the person entitled to the compulsory portion that is contrary to the principles of community life and was directed towards the deceased (testator). The following parts of the article are dedicated to discussing the need for indication of fault of the person entitled to a compulsory portion and identifying the principles of community life that would have been violated, if the compulsory portion was paid in full, in the process of reducing the amount of the compulsory portion. With regard to these issues, the author opts for conditioning the role of the fault of the person entitled to a compulsory portion on the case circumstances and on the grounds for the reduction of the amount of the compulsory portion. Moreover, the author supports the position that identifying the circumstances justifying the reduction of the amount of the compulsory portion in a court ruling is sufficient and rejects the position requiring identifying the exact principles of community life that would have been violated, if the amount of the compulsory portion was not reduced. Finally, the principles determining the amount by which a compulsory portion should be reduced under article 5 of Polish Civil Code are reviewed. However, the author concludes that it is always necessary to take into account all the facts of a particular case and it is impossible to provide any abstract principles determining the amount by which a compulsory portion should be reduced.
2

Przyszłość zachowku w prawie polskim

100%
Załucki M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2012
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vol. 21
|
issue 2
529-562
EN
The development of the inheritance law in Poland arises the question of protection of the deceased’s relatives in the context of his testamentary dispositions. The legitimate portion in the civil code is no longer desirable, especially because of two defects. First, it is the wrong group of people entitled to the legitimate portion. Second, a detailed examination of the claim of legitim to determine whether a person was in any way depandant on the deceased’s estate is not possible. These defects cause that the shape of a legitimate portion in polish law is a too-far reaching interference with the testator’s last will. It needs changes.
3
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Právo reprezentace při odmítnutí dědictví s výhradou povinného dílu

51%
Talanda A.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
|
2019
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vol. 158
|
issue 4
406-428
EN
The Czech inheritance law offers a forced heir, who is appointed to inherit from any inheritance title, a possibility to refuse inheritance while retaining the right to a compulsory portion. However, the inheritance law does not respond to this possibility with any other special provisions governing the questions of who has the obligation to pay the compulsory portion, whether the descendants of the forced heir who refuses inheritance are appointed to inherit his inheritance share, and whether these descendants acquire his right to a compulsory portion. Therefore, it is necessary to apply general provisions of inheritance law which, however, respond to different situations and the resulting solutions may cause application problems. The biggest problem is whether the descendants of the forced heir who refuses inheritance take part in his inheritance share and his compulsory portion and the associated problem of a double advantage of the family line of the forced heir against other heirs.
CS
Dědické právo nabízí nepominutelnému dědici při dědění z jakéhokoliv dědického titulu možnost odmítnout dědictví a zároveň si ponechat právo na povinný díl. Na tuto možnost ale dědické právo nereaguje dalšími zvláštními ustanoveními, která by upravovala otázku, kdo má povinnost vyplatit povinný díl, zda do uvolněného dědického podílu nastupují potomci nepominutelného dědice odmítnuvšího dědictví s výhradou povinného dílu a zda tito potomci nabývají právo na povinný díl. Je proto nutno užít obecná ustanovení, která však reagují na odlišné situace a z nich vyvozená řešení mohou vyvolávat aplikační problémy. Největším problémem je právě nastoupení potomků odmítnuvšího nepominutelného dědice do dědického podílu a do práva na povinný díl a s tím spojené hrozící dvojí zvýhodnění rodinné linie nepominutelného dědice oproti jiným dědicům.
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