Over the last decades the nature and form of what children can choose to read has changed radically, partly as a consequence of rapid technological advances and the increasing dominance of the image. The research questions were: 1) How do children learn to read and write by computer? 2) How can one support children’s learning during the transition from pre-school to primary school? and 3) How can we support learning during the transition from pre-school to primary school in the future? This work is based on a questionnaire that was sent to kindergarten and primary school teachers in the Helsinki area. Only 27 teachers in the pre-school or primary school answered the questionnaire. Following this, the questionnaire was also sent to kindergarten and primary school student teachers. The results show that that it is easy for children to acquaint themselves with the computer keyboard and that children actually enjoy playing by writing on computer. The respondents said that children must, at first, train to write by hand, then by computer.
The computer seems like a privileged personage in Decalogue 1 (Dekalog, jeden, 1987/88, prem. 1989, dir. K. Kieślowski): it is used by Paweł and his father to solve mathematical questions about Miss Piggy, to calculate the durability of the ice on the pond, to know what Mum is doing, and to control domestic devices. For Kieślowski the computer is not just a gadget: Krzysztof ’s lecture describes its potential and its possible autonomy. Independent from man (the computer switches itself on), it becomes his rival: Kieślowski proposes a critical interpretation of the computer as a new idol, promising unlimited memory and knowledge. A similar preoccupation can be found in the Black Mirror series, where new technologies, existing or as yet still fantastic, are becoming more and more intrusive in the lives of their human protagonists. The computer seems also to be a rival of God, present in symbols in Decalogue 1: a sign of him is not only the metaphysical man played by Artur Barciś, but also the biblical symbol of fire and the Madonna’s tears.
This article is devoted to the actual topic of the Information Society in Russian Federation. In the present conditions we can’t imagine our life without opportunities, which gives us the information society. From the quality of the development of this sector depends largely on the level of development of society as a whole.
Ergonomic culture can be explained as a component of general safety culture related to ergonomic working environment on the one hand, and computer users’ attitudes towards ergonomically safe computer use, defined by work safety regulations, on the other hand. Both those aspects are important components within general safety culture. The article analyses various factors of ergonomic culture in different environments in Latvia, as well as partially in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
PL
Ergonomiczna kultura może być wyjaśniona jako składnik ogólnej kultury bezpieczeństwa odnoszącej się do ergonomii środowiska pracy z jednej strony i postaw użytkowników komputerów i ergonomicznie bezpiecznego korzystania z komputera, określonej przez przepisy bezpieczeństwa pracy, z drugiej strony. Oba te aspekty stanowią ważne komponenty wewnątrz ogólnej kultury bezpieczeństwa. Artykuł analizuje różne czynniki kultury ergonomicznej w różnych środowiskach na Łotwie, jak i częściowo w Czechach i na Słowacji.
The peculiarities of formation of the information culture of students of polytechnic colleges are considered in the article. Different approaches to consider information culture were expressed. It is shown, that the determinative factor in achievement of the score aims of reforming the education is its informatization. The definition of «informatization of education» is given and approaches to construction of effective systems of informatization of education are described. The article tells us about the importance of modern information technologies in teaching students. It was found out the basic directions of using information technologies in the educational process as the way of the forming information culture of students of polytechnic colleges. The paper theoretically justified the need for a scientific nature of information culture, analyzed the status of research information culture, defined its essence and content. It is stressed that theoretical conditions improve personal information culture, defined the relationship of education and information culture in a global society. The peculiarities of formation of the information culture of students of polytechnic colleges are considered in the article. It is established that formation of the information culture of students of polytechnic colleges can be realized by leading out the communications, which carry out the semantic reproduction of society, to the leading position. The fundamental stages of formation of the information culture of a personality are opened. The role of a computer in the getting education is shown. The article highlights the potential of information and communication technology, possibility of Internet for formation of the information culture of a student. The perspective directions of development of the system of education are wide using of the modern communicative, informative and computer technologies and the Internet. Тhe paper deals with the communication and information competence correlation on the basis of intercultural dialogue and independent cognitive activity principles. Students have motivation for a cognitive activity and searching the extra information working through the Internet. It was noted that a student must have a certain level of culture on the action with the information for the effective use of new technologies and information sources that will contribute to a more productive assimilation of new knowledge and skills in the further development of informatization of society.
The article is an analysis of the desirability of the introduction by the reform program of course computer classes into the first stage of education. This analysis was based on a study taking account of a pedagogical experiment carried out in a primary school.
The review concerns the book moving the problem of educating gymnasium students to aware users of information technologies in the reality of rapid development of technology, which is a natural environment for contemporary youth. If also discusses the topic of information society, European Union’s projects developing it and skills necessary for mature participation in modern reality.
The publication focuses on the manipulation of today’s youth as well as of their affairs. The first area concerns multiple methods of “attracting” young people to secular culture and pseudoculture. This is caused primarily by social fashion factors. It is also a strong area of nearly complete demoralization. The second area concerns medialization of the youth. This world appears in the media as a world of “computer people” and participation in “the network”. This applies above all to Facebook. The publication refers to earlier works by Ben Mezrich and Even Baileyn. Another important element of taking control over young people today is the area of economy. The author highlights the fact, that young people enter the labour market with greater difficulties compared to the older generation. This generation is seeking for livelihood and development in their work. Changes in the area of economy are forcing young people to reject the fixed both post-Marxism, and Taylorism, since both of them are ruthless for the young people. This is mainly due to the economic manipulation to which young people are powerless.
Occupational ulnar neuropathy at the elbow joint develops in the course of long term direct pressure on the nerve and a persistently flexed elbow posture, but first of all, it is strongly associated with “holding a tool in a certain position” repetitively. Therefore, computer work only in exceptional cases can be considered as a risk factor for the neuropathy. Ulnar hypermobility at the elbow might be one of the risk factors in the development of occupational ulnar neuropathy; however, this issue still remains disputable. As this condition is mostly of congenital origin, an additional factor, such as a direct acute or chronic professional or non-professional trauma, is needed for clinical manifestations. We describe a patient – a computer user with a right ulnar nerve complete dislocation and left ulnar nerve hypermobility, unaware of her anomaly until symptoms of left ulnar neuropathy occurred in the course of job exposure. The patient was exposed to repetitive long lasting pressure of the left elbow and forearm on the hard support on the cupboard and desk because of a non-ergonomically designed workplace. The additional coexistent congenital abnormal displacement of the ulnar nerve from the postcondylar groove during flexion at the elbow increased the possibility of its mechanical injury. We recognized left ulnar neuropathy at the ulnar groove as an occupational disease. An early and accurate diagnosis of any form of hypermobility of ulnar nerve, informing patients about it, prevention of an ulnar nerve injury as well as compliance with ergonomic rules are essential to avoid development of occupational and non-occupational neuropathy.
Artykuł dotyczy analizy postaw i zachowań nauczyciela pracującego przy pomocy komputera. Praca współczesnego nauczyciela opiera się w znacznej mierze na wykorzystaniu komputera, zarówno na etapie przygotowania do lekcji, w trakcie jej realizacji, jak i w działaniach pracowniczych.
EN
This article relates to analysis of attitudes and behaviors of teacher who uses a computer. The work of a modern teacher especially establishes on using computer during preparing to the lesson, during its realization and also during working action.
Recenzja książki zawierającej analizę czynników, dzięki którym komputer stał się masowym narzędziem do pisania i czytania, a także próbę opisu nowej dla piśmiennictwa rzeczywistości komunikacyjnej. Scharakteryzowane w niej zostały również tendencje rozwojowe (wyrażone w postaci następujących pojęć: technicyzacja, multiplikacja, dywersyfikacja i demokratyzacja) w indywidualnym i społecznym funkcjonowaniu słowa pisanego. Ich występowanie dostrzec można w odniesieniu do rewolucji cyfrowej, ale także wcześniejszych rewolucji medialnych, kształtujących różne oblicza piśmienności.
EN
Review of a book analysing factors due to which the computer has become a massive tool for writing and reading. The book attempts to describe the new communication reality with its development trends (expressed in terms of the following concepts: technology, multiplication, diversification and democratization) in individual and social functioning of the written word. Their occurrence can be seen in relation to the digital revolution, but also to earlier media revolutions, shaping different facets of literacy.
The paper deals with interdisciplinary connections of mathematics and informatics that occur while teaching students of non-technical specialties (Ecology, Environmental Protection and Balanced Nature Management, International Economics, Management of Organizations) disciplines of the mathematical cycle and computer and information disciplines. It is shown that achieving the goal of formation of a personality, ready for professional, social and other activities that involve system world view, ability to solve problems within the framework of the surrounding reality, using knowledge, techniques and skills formed in different subject areas, is possible with the help of educing interdisciplinary connections in the learning process. At the same time the spreadsheet Microsoft Excel has been chosen for working out the system of interdisciplinary tasks. For implementation of these connections the elaborated electronic textbooks are given. They contain all the basic stages of training: theoretical material, practical tasks with the sequence of their execution, tasks for independent work, references to additional literature, questions for self-monitoring and testing for particular numbers of sections. After passing the tests the mark is given, and it is pointed out which studied sections should be paid special attention to before starting the new topic. Some examples on function graph construction, work with matrices and solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations are considered in detail. Methods and forms of education, control measures, division into lectures and seminars, the results of testing and implementation of the developed system of tasks and electronic textbooks into educational process are given. As a result, due to the usage of interdisciplinary tasks alongside with electronic textbooks for students of non-technical specialities while teaching the disciplines of Economic Informatics, Mathematics for Economists, Higher and Applied Mathematics, Informatics (for professional purposes), Higher Mathematics with Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, it is possible to achieve educational and developmental goals; to form information (computer) and analytical competencies; to increase students’ motivation for studying in general; moreover, the number of students involved in scientific-research work is increasing.
The article presents an attempt to use an egogram as a research tool for examining personality structure of computer users. The survey sample consisted of 189 respondents. The analysis concerned interdependency between the average level of the structure of the subjects’ ego-states and such variables as the declared level of computer skills, work with office software, playing computer games, using social networking sites, communicating with the help of the computer, online shopping, sending, sharing and downloading files, watching films, listening to music, searching for current information, searching for gossips and oddities, as well as activities connected with expanding one’s knowledge. The participants of the study were asked to select the timescale for a given activity during the day.
Proces poznawania świata jest warunkowany pracą naszych zmy-słów, im więcej zmysłów zostaje zaangażowanych w akt poznania, tym większa jest nasza wiedza. Wynikający z uszkodzenia wzroku ograniczony odbiór bodź-ców ma fundamentalny wpływ na sfery poznawcze, emocjonalne, społeczne, motoryczne i komunikacyjne. Trudno sobie wyobrazić, jak bardzo ograniczona zostaje możliwość zaspokojenia wszystkich potrzeb osobistych osób z dysfunk-cjami wzroku. Wykorzystanie multimediów do wsparcia i pracy edukacyjnej może przyczynić się do poprawy jakości ogólnego funkcjonowania nie tylko w aspekcie nauczania i uczenia się.
EN
The process of learning about the world is conditioned by our senses, the more senses are involved in the act of cognition, the greater our knowledge is. The limited perception of stimuli resulting from eye damage has a funda-mental impact on the cognitive, emotional, social, motor and communication spheres. It is difficult to imagine how limited the ability of visually impaired people to satisfy all their personal needs is. The use of multimedia for support and educational work can contribute greatly to the improvement of the quality of the general functioning of visually impaired people, not only in the aspect of teaching and learning.
Proces poznawania świata jest warunkowany pracą naszych zmy-słów, im więcej zmysłów zostaje zaangażowanych w akt poznania, tym większa jest nasza wiedza. Wynikający z uszkodzenia wzroku ograniczony odbiór bodź-ców ma fundamentalny wpływ na sfery poznawcze, emocjonalne, społeczne, motoryczne i komunikacyjne. Trudno sobie wyobrazić, jak bardzo ograniczona zostaje możliwość zaspokojenia wszystkich potrzeb osobistych osób z dysfunk-cjami wzroku. Wykorzystanie multimediów do wsparcia i pracy edukacyjnej może przyczynić się do poprawy jakości ogólnego funkcjonowania nie tylko w aspekcie nauczania i uczenia się.
EN
The process of learning about the world is conditioned by our senses, the more senses are involved in the act of cognition, the greater our knowledge is. The limited perception of stimuli resulting from eye damage has a funda-mental impact on the cognitive, emotional, social, motor and communication spheres. It is difficult to imagine how limited the ability of visually impaired people to satisfy all their personal needs is. The use of multimedia for support and educational work can contribute greatly to the improvement of the quality of the general functioning of visually impaired people, not only in the aspect of teaching and learning.
The language of school mathematics is specific as it combines the elements of natural language and the language of mathematics. Practice shows that sometimes the language, instead of becoming a tool for communication of information, may be an obstacle in the way of communication between the speaker and the listener. Frequently during mathematical education classes there is no proper communication between the teacher and the learners. The students do not understand what the teacher says, and the teacher does not try to understand the meaning of the students’ utterances. For the last decade there has been a new source of information in the lesson – a computer, thus a new way of communication. In the paper we will present and discuss some of the difficulties associated with communication between teacher – students and computer – students, illustrating them with examples from the school practice.
Przedmiot i cel pracy: Określenie dostępności oraz wykorzystania komputerów osobistych oraz Internetu przez osoby z niepełnosprawnością zamieszkujące obszary wiejskie na terenie Polski. Materiały i metody: Badania ankietowe na próbie 5000 osób z niepełnosprawnością zamieszkałych na terenie gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich w całej Polsce przeprowadzono w okresie od czerwca 2010 roku do czerwca 2011 roku. Wyniki: Ponad połowa badanych zamieszkujących obszary wiejskie nie korzysta z komputera, ani nie potrafi go obsługiwać. Ponad połowa gospodarstw domowych respondentów nie posiada dostępu do Internetu. Tylko 19,58% osób z niepełnosprawnością, które nie potrafią obsługiwać komputera chciałoby nabyć taką umiejętność. Wnioski: W związku z dynamicznym rozwojem technologii teleinformatycznych w tym Internetu i Social Mediów konieczne są działania, które będą przeciwdziałać wykluczeniu cyfrowemu niepełnosprawnych. Powinny one dotyczyć poprawy dostępności osób z niepełnosprawnością do sprzętu komputerowego oraz Internetu, zwiększenia świadomości, jakie korzyści może przynieść korzystanie z nowoczesnych rozwiązań teleinformatycznych, a także potrzeb tej grupy społecznej do nauki obsługi sprzętu komputerowego.
EN
The subject and aim of the article: Determining the accessibility and usability of personal computers and the Internet by people with disabilities residing in rural areas of Poland. Materials and methods: Survey conducted among 5000 people with disabilities residing in rural and urban-rural communes of Poland in the period from June 2010 to June 2011. Results: More than half of the respondents residing in rural areas do not use computers nor do they know how to use them. Over half of the respondents’ households do not have access to the Internet. Only 19.58% of people with disabilities who are unable to use computers would like to acquire such a skill. Conclusion: Due to the dynamic development of ICT technologies, including the Internet and social media, it is necessary to implement measures which will counteract digital exclusion of the disabled. These measures should be aimed at: improving the accessibility of people with disabilities to computer equipment and the Internet, increasing awareness of the benefits that the use of modern communication solutions may bring, and the need of this social group to learn how to use computer equipment.
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequent mononeuropathy of upper extremities. From the early 1990's it has been suggested that intensive work with computers can result in CTS development, however, this relationship has not as yet been proved. The aim of the study was to evaluate occupational and non-occupational risk factors for developing CTS in the population of computer-users. Material and Methods: The study group comprised 60 patients (58 women and 2 men; mean age: 53.8±6.35 years) working with computers and suspected of occupational CTS. A survey as well as both median and ulnar nerve conduction examination (NCS) were performed in all the subjects. Results: The patients worked with use of computer for 6.43±1.71h per day. The mean latency between the beginning of employment and the occurrence of first CTS symptoms was 12.09±5.94 years. All patients met the clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria of CTS. In the majority of patients etiological factors for developing CTS were non-occupational: obesity, hypothyroidism, oophorectomy, past hysterectomy, hormonal replacement therapy or oral contraceptives, recent menopause, diabetes, tendovaginitis. In 7 computer-users etiological factors were not identified. Conclusion: The results of our study show that CTS is usually generated by different causes not related with using computers at work. Med Pr 2013;64(1):37–45
PL
Wstęp: Zespół cieśni nadgarstka (ZCN) jest najczęściej występującą mononeuropatią kończyn górnych. Od wczesnych lat 90. wymieniana jest ona jako możliwy skutek przeciążeń intensywną pracą przy komputerze, choć dotąd nie ma bezspornych dowodów takiej zależności. Celem pracy była analiza zawodowych i pozazawodowych czynników ryzyka ZCN w populacji osób zawodowo używających klawiatury i myszki komputera. Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto 60 pacjentów - 58 kobiet i 2 mężczyzn (średnia wieku: 53,8±6,35 lat) z podejrzeniem ZCN o etiologii zawodowej, wykonujących pracę zawodową przy użycia komputera. U wszystkich przeprowadzono badanie kwestionariuszowe oraz badanie przewodnictwa nerwowo-mięśniowego (elektroneurografia - ENeG) nerwów pośrodkowych i łokciowych. Wyniki: Badani wykonywali pracę z użyciem komputera przez 6,43±1,71 godzin dziennie. Czas od rozpoczęcia pracy do wystąpienia objawów klinicznych neuropatii wynosił 12,09±5,94 lat. Wszyscy badani spełnili kryteria kliniczne i elektrofizjologiczne rozpoznania ZCN. W badanej grupie dominowały pozazawodowe czynniki ryzyka ZCN - otyłość, niedoczynność tarczycy, przebyta panhisterektomia, owariektomia, hormonalna terapia zastępcza, hormonalna antykoncepcja, menopauza, cukrzyca i zapalenie pochewek ścięgnistych. U 7 chorych nie zidentyfikowano potencjalnego czynnika etiologicznego ZCN. U żadnego z pacjentów nie rozpoznano ZCN o etiologii zawodowej. Wnioski: Wyniki naszego badania wskazują, że przyczyny zespołu cieśni nadgarstka są zwykle inne niż praca z wykorzystaniem komputera. Med. Pr. 2013;64(1):37–45
The issue of intellectual property protection on the global information network the Internet has recently become a matter of serious concern on the part of rights holders. Copyright, which arose with the invention of book printing in medieval Europe, was originally planned and understood as an institution of exclusive author’s monopoly on the production of material copies of works. In fact, it is in this context that the concept of copyright existed until the XXI century. On the eve of the new millennium, the emergence of an unprecedented phenomenon for its time - the World Wide Web, has significantly shaken traditional views on the concept of copyright and the limits of its regulation. The effectiveness of the copyright approach to the protection of the legitimate interests of right holders was questioned as early as 1845 by the American judge in the case of Emerson V. Davies. In his opinion, the exclusive rights to the results of creative activity are inadmissible, given that these results themselves are the result of thoughts, ideas, images that were created and repeatedly used by other people. Indeed, creativity is impossible without attracting or borrowing from the “intellectual treasury” of civilization. With the development of modern information technology, such borrowing has become available to anyone with an Internet connection. With the proliferation of computer programs that allow you to record music, create images, animation, creativity is no longer an elite activity available only to the select few.
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