Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  concentrations
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
Under the EU Merger Regulation, if the Commission has concerns that a merger may significantly affect competition in the European Union, the merging companies may propose modifications to the project that would guarantee continued competition on the market. The Commission may declare a concentration compatible with the common market following such a modification by the parties and attach to its decision conditions and obligations intended to ensure that the undertakings comply with the commitments. In other words, commitments have to be offered by the parties but the Commission may introduce conditions and obligations if they are required to ensure the enforceability of commitments. Meanwhile the scope to propose merger modifications and the level of discretion of the competition authority are quite different under the Law on Competition of the Republic of Lithuania, adopted almost two decades ago. The goal of this paper is to reveal those differences and, with the help of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania in the Gazprom case, to explain how this may impact future cases.
FR
Dans l’affaire Austria Asphalt, la Cour de justice a rendu le premier arrêt préjudiciel relatif au régime communautaire de contrôle des concentrations. Dans les termes de l’avocat général Kokott, la Cour suprême autrichienne a demandé à la Cour de justice de répondre à la question fondamentale de la definition d’une concentration entre entreprises dans le cadre de l’article 3 du Rè glement (CE) No 802/2004. La Cour de justice a jugé que l’article 3 de l’EUMR doit être interprété en ce sens qu’une concentration est réputée survenir lors d’un changement de la forme du contrôle d’une entreprise existante qui ne devient commune que si l’entreprise commune créée par une telle opération remplit de manière durable toutes les fonctions d’une entité économique autonome. Bien que la décision ait été rendue dans le contexte d’un scénario d’opération précis, le raisonnement sousjacent pourrait jeter un nouvel éclairage sur la façon d’évaluer les opérations qui se situent entre la prise de contrôle et la création d’une co-entreprise. Toutefois, ce raisonnement n’est pas conforme aux objectifs et aux fondements économiques du régime communautaire de contrôle des concentrations. Cela peut être prouvé tant par rapport au scénario de transaction directement couvert par la question préjudicielle que par rapport à d’autres scénarios de transaction.
EN
In Austria Asphalt, the Court of Justice issued the first preliminary ruling related to the EU merger control regime. In Advocate General Kokott’s words, the Austrian Supreme Court asked the Court of Justice to answer the fundamental question of what constitutes a concentration between undertakings within Article 3 of the EUMR. The Court of Justice held that Article 3 of the EUMR must be interpreted as meaning that a concentration is deemed to arise upon a change in the form of control of an existing undertaking which, previously exclusive, becomes joint only if the joint venture created by such a transaction performs on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity. Although the ruling was rendered in the context of a specific transaction scenario, the underlying reasoning could shed new light on how to assess transactions that fall between acquisition of control and creation of a joint venture. However, this reasoning is incompliant with the purposes and economic foundations of the EU merger control regime. This can be proven both in relation to the transaction scenario directly covered by the question for a preliminary ruling and, if extrapolated, in relation to other transaction scenarios.
EN
Antitrust is an interdisciplinary science that draws from political economy. Since the beginning of the XXI exacerbated by national legislation and European tendencies to economize antitrust law. Historically, the first was the principle of "formal approach" to the analysis of antitrust law. However, the shortcomings of this method gave rise to the need to find other solutions. From this arose the need for an approach to an even greater extent, aking into account the use of economic regulations and multidimensional study of the effects of market behavior. The article presents the regulations concerning abuse of dominance and mergers and evidence allowed economization of these institutions in the polish law and examples of their application in relation to energy companies.
EN
This article has two objectives. First, it presents the most important developments of Polish antitrust legislation of 2012. These include recent amendments to legal provisions on judicial antitrust proceedings contained in the Code of Civil Procedure, and some novel issues in the area of non-binding guidelines of the Polish NCA, the UOKiK President. Second, the article introduces key developments in Polish competition law jurisprudence of 2012. It characterises selected rulings delivered by the Polish Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals in Warsaw and the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection. Judgments are divided according to their subject matter.
FR
Cet article a deux objectifs. Premièrement, il présente les développements les plus importants de la législation antitrust polonais de 2012. Il s'agit notamment de récentes modifications apportées à des dispositions juridiques en matière de procédure antitrust judiciaires qui se trouve dans le Code de procédure civile, et quelques nouvelles questions dans le domaine des lignes directrices non-contraignantes de l'Autorité natinale du contrôle polonaise, le président de l’Organe pour la protection de la concurrence et des consommateurs (UOKiK). Deuxièmement, l'article présente les développements principaux en matière de jurisprudence de 2012 relative à la loi polonaise de la concurrence. Il caractérise des jugements sélectionnés prononcés par la Cour suprême polonaise, la Cour d'appel de Varsovie et la Cour de la concurrence et de la protection des consommateurs. Les jugements sont présentés selon les sujects qu’ils concernent.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy planowanej przez Komisję Europejską reformy systemu kontroli koncentracji przedsiębiorstw. W lipcu 2014 r. Komisja Europejska opublikowała Białą księgę pt. Towards more effective EU merger control. W artykule poruszono ekonomiczne aspekty zasadności wprowadzenia prewencyjnej kontroli nabywania pakietów mniejszościowych udziałów/akcji przedsiębiorstw. Artykuł wskazuje również, jak zaproponowane przez Komisję Europejską rozwiązania dotyczące wymogów notyfikacji nabywania pakietów mniejszościowych, jako koncentracji, mogą być stosowane w praktyce, w realiach prawa polskiego oraz jakie zmiany były niezbędne w celu zapewnienia pełnej skuteczności celów stawianych przed Komisją Europejską.
EN
The article is devoted to the planned reform of merger control regime in the European Union. In July 2014 the European Commission issued a White paper: „Towards more effective EU merger control.” The article is focused on economic aspects of the reform provided by the European Commission and several legal studies. Moreover, the article concerns the effects which the planned regime may take, while assessing transactions in which one of the parties will be a polish company. Furthermore, it indicates possible amendments to the Polish commercial law, which should be undertaken to preserve the principle of effectiveness of the European law.
PL
Podstawy ekonomicznej oraz prawnej koncepcji doktrynalnej keynesizmu i ordoliberalizmu zostały wdrożone w ustawodawstwie krajowym. Na podstawie analizy norm konkurencyjnych różnych państw można wyodrębnić dwa modele regulacji prawnej konkurencji – amerykański oraz europejski. Różnica pomiędzy tymi modelami polega na różnym rozumieniu treści i celów regulacji prawnej konkurencji. I o ile celem amerykańskiego prawa antymonopolowego jest ochrona gospodarki w całości, o tyle europejska praktyka egzekwowania prawa wskazuje, że jej głównym celem jest ochrona interesów społecznych w kontekście funkcjonowania rynku wewnętrznego UE. W artykule przedstawiono tendencję do konwergencji krajowych warunków prawnych ochrony konkurencji z pomocą zawierania umów międzynarodowych i włączenia do nich specjalnych norm dotyczących regulacji konkurencji.
EN
The basics of Keynesian Economics and ordoliberalism have been implemented in national legislations. On the basis of a comparative analysis, it is possible to differentiate two models of competition law regulation – the American and the European model. The difference between these two models results from divergent understandings of the content and goals of competition law regulations. While American legislation aims to protect the economy as a whole, European enforcement practice shows that its main goals are to protect social rights in the context of the Internal Market. The article shows the tendency to converge of national legal conditions of competition protection with the conclusion of international agreements and the inclusions into the latter of competition rules.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.