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ПОНЯТІЙНИЙ АПАРАТ СЕМІОТИКИ НОВІТНЬОЇ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ІСТОРІЇ

100%
Martynov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2022
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issue 31
168-182
EN
The article analyses the conceptual apparatus of semiotics of modern European history. The social sciences, unlike the natural sciences, which deal with realities that do not call themselves, deal with the phenomena of human life. Names change in time and space without any connection to the immanent changes of things themselves, which indicates a persistent search for an adequate name for many things and signs. Historical meanings become the main subject of semiotic analysis. History becomes a way of scientific reconstruction of the past. In historical science, facts, signs and symbols come through individual and collective memory. Various narratives are a treasure trove of semiotic meanings. Texts in different contexts give different semantics. Everyone is a participant in this exciting process, the end result of which, in principle, is not. Under these circumstances, the analysis of instability becomes more important than finding a "fulcrum". This thesis is especially important for the mosaic history of the peoples of Europe. Communism and fascism are united not only by totalitarian practices but also by political "syntax", while liberalism in general is a different political language. Every event starts at the information level. Postmodernism leads to anti-intellectual pre-modern thinking. Semantic boundaries between categories are blurred; they are flexible, open to change and constant socio-economic transformation. The self-consciousness of the modern era was based on the achievements of economics and classical sociology, which promoted the values of a single universal progress for all mankind. Postmodern self-consciousness is based on the principles of cultural anthropology and ethnology, of sciences that emphasize the heterogeneity of the socio-cultural field of mankind. Historical semiotics works with stereotypes of perception of signs and symbols, decodes them and adapts them for scientific use
2
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Ajdukiewicz and the Notion of Conceptual Apparatus

100%
Marsonet M.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 24
226-229
EN
The Polish philosopher Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz adopted the notion of “conceptual apparatus”, which is very similar to the idea of “conceptual scheme” put forward by Donald Davidson, Willard V. Quine, Nicholas Rescher and others. Ajdukiewicz’s theses are, in this regard, very important although less known, and he treated cognitive processes as inseparably connected with language.
3
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Filozoficzne aspekty konstytuowania się aparatu pojęciowego chemii

58%
Zeidler P.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 4
147-169
EN
There is a widespread belief among philosophers of science that the dispute about realism does not significantly affect the practice of natural sciences, and that a realistic attitude is a common epistemological position adopted by naturalists. In this paper an argument is brought forward to support the thesis that theoretical concepts formulated in the natural sciences evoke significant cognitive controversies among scientists, having an impact on their scientific practices. Gaston Bachelard’s thesis will be considered, according to which the realistic ‘load’ of the conceptual apparatus in any given science has a significant impact on its development. The investigation conducted in this paper will be based on the analysis of examples taken from the research practice of nineteenth century and early twentieth century chemistry. The problem to be discussed here deals with the cognitive status of beliefs about the existence of the referents of such concepts as: atom (chemical atom), structural formula (rational formula) and chemical bond.
PL
Wśród filozofów nauki panuje rozpowszechnione przekonanie, że spór o realizm nie wpływa w sposób istotny na praktykę badawczą nauk przyrodniczych, a postawa realistyczna jest naturalnym stanowiskiem epistemologicznym przyjmowanym przez przyrodników. W artykule podana jest argumentacja na rzecz tezy, że w naukach przyrodniczych są formułowane koncepcje teoretyczne, które wywołują wśród uczonych istotne kontrowersje poznawcze, które nie pozostają bez wpływu na ich praktykę badawczą. Rozważona zostanie teza Gastona Bachelarda, że przezwyciężenie przez daną dziedzinę nauki realistycznego ‘obciążenia’ jej aparatu konceptualnego ma istotny wpływ na jej rozwój. Prowadzone rozważania będą opierały się na analizie przykładów wziętych z praktyki badawczej chemii XIX i początku XX wieku, w której dyskutowano problem statusu poznawczego przekonań, dotyczących istnienia odniesień przedmiotowych takich pojęć, jak: atom (atom chemiczny), wzór strukturalny (formuła racjonalna) czy wiązanie chemiczne.
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