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EN
Inspired by Strugielska’s (2012) article “Alternate Construals of Source and Target Domains in Conceptual Metaphor,” where the linguist presents a number of arguments questioning applicability of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to the analysis of linguistic meaning, I attempt to reanalyze some of the arguments through reference to primary sources: Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Lakoff (1990), Kövecses (2000, 2002, 2005, 2011). The issues of direct concern are: dichotomous nature of conceptual domains and their assumed discretness, the issue of differentiating the conceptual structure form the semantic structure and cognitive metaphorical projections from the relation of categorization, the question of monosemy constraint and degree of informativeness of metaphorical projections. The issues are discussed in the source article in the context of works whose authors question validity of CMT on the basis of (naturally occurring) language data from corpora. My own reanalysis of the examples discussed exhibit the extent to which metaphorical projections between the source and the target domains can provide motivations for the language expressions, accounting for their metaphoricity. At the same time, employing analytic tools available within Cognitive Grammar, I demonstrate that the extent of the contribution of metaphorical projections to respective semantic structures is determined by the position of the source domain in the matrix of the respective profile/base alignment.
EN
This article discusses the basic types of concepts of quality occurring in Robert M. Pirsig’s Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values. These terms refer to the different conceptual domains, creating diversified types of rhetoric. All kinds of rhetoric refer to the discovery and awakening of individuality. The quality of education at university or on a motorbike must extend to all possible levels of the Great Chain of Being, it can not only be addressed with abstractedness. Conceptual diversification means diversifying rhetoric and style, which possibly corresponds to different levels of quality for Pirsig. In this sense, his proposals of a metaphysics of quality is part of a current dispute about the crisis within the humanities and the need to give it meaning, practicality and socially responsible utility. A metaphysics of quality uses the rhetoric of conceptual schemata which include: road, inclusion and container.
PL
Artykuł omawia podstawowe typy pojęcia jakości występujące w powieści Roberta M. Pirsiga pt. Zen i sztuka obsługi motocykla. Rozprawa o wartościach. Te pojęcia odnoszą się do różnych domen konceptualnych, tworząc tym samym zdywersyfikowane typy retoryki. Wszystkie typy retoryki odnoszą się do odkrywania i przebudzenia jednostkowości. Jakość kształcenia na uniwersytecie czy na motocyklu musi sięgać do wszystkich możliwych poziomów Wielkiego Łańcucha Bytu, nie może adresować jedynie abstrakcji. Dywersyfikacja konceptualna oznacza zdywersyfikowanie retoryki i stylu, co może odpowiadać także różnym poziomom jakości u Pirsiga. W tym sensie jego propozycja metafizyki jakości wpisuje się w aktualne spory o kryzysie humanistyki i konieczności jej usensownienia, upraktycznienia i użycia społecznie odpowiedzialnego. Metafizyka jakości posługuje się retoryką schematów konceptualnych drogi, inkluzji i pojemnika.
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