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Działalność posłów wybranych w 44. okręgu wyborczym (Tarnobrzeg, Kolbuszowa, Mielec i Nisko) na forum Sejmu Ustawodawczego RP w latach 1919–1922

100%
Sumara T.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2022
|
issue 2(169)
233–261
EN
The article presents the activities of deputies from the 44th electoral district, which includes: Tarnobrzeg, Kolbuszowa, Mielec, Nisko, in the Legislative Sejm. Taking up the presented local problem is justified by the fact that Polish historians have little interest in the activities of deputies in the life of the Second Polish Republic. In previous publications of the historical center, the parliamentary activity of deputies from the 44th electoral district is in the background. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is to outline the problem raised by these deputies in the parliament. The research has shown that parliamentarians not only addressed current state problems, but also took a number of initiatives relating to local issues, often mundane, nut important for their constituents.
2
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Finis coronat opus? O zakończeniach artykułów literaturoznawczych

84%
Chyła K., Garczarek K., Poręba I.
|
2021
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vol. 63
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issue 4
127-149
EN
The paper is an attempt to consider the issue that so far has not been discussed frequently in the Polish philological current. It focuses on the endings of 18 selected articles in the field of literary studies. Authors of textbooks on academic discourse argue that it is the ending that plays a fundamental role in the scientific discourse as a concluding, summarising, and potentially memorable part. This approach to a conclusion is often shared by scholars themselves, who choose different strategies with regard to endings of their articles. When studying articles published in the period of 2015‒2019, we identified about 15 different ending strategies, e.g. an apologia for a literary work selected by an author, suggestions for further research possibilities, an attractive punch line, and an quotation from another paper. As the analysis reveals, the conclusion of an academic article is not only a place for introducing conventional rhetorical figures; it also becomes the researchers’ contribution to the understanding of the role ascribed by literary-studies scholars to their own scientific practice.
PL
Niniejszy szkic stanowi próbę namysłu nad zagadnieniem rzadko dotąd obecnym w kręgu polskiej refleksji filologicznej. Skupiamy w nim uwagę na zakończeniach 18 wybranych artykułów literaturoznawczych. Właśnie w konkluzjach, jako mających zwieńczyć bądź streścić wywód i zakorzenić tekst w pamięci odbiorców, twórcy poradników i opracowań dotyczących dyskursu naukowego dostrzegają znaczenie fundamentalne. To przeświadczenie zdają się podzielać sami uczeni, obierający przy tworzeniu finałów różne strategie. W tekstach publikowanych od 2015 do 2019 r. wyodrębniamy tego typu strategii około 15: od apologii wybranego pisarstwa po propozycje dalszych ścieżek rozwoju konkretnych badań, od efektownej puenty po cytat z pracy, którą stworzył poprzednik. Jak ujawnia nasza analiza, podsumowanie tekstu naukowego nie jest jedynie miejscem wykorzystania konwencjonalnych retorycznych zabiegów. Staje się też przyczynkiem do zrozumienia roli przypisywanej własnej twórczości przez badaczy/badaczki literatury.
3
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W kierunku konsensualizmu: kształt instytucji skazania bez rozprawy oraz dobrowolnego poddania się karze w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu Postępowania Karnego z 2013 r

67%
Pisarski M.
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
|
2014
|
issue 2
81-92
EN
There are many ways to reach an agreement in Polish law in criminal proceedings,. These agreements are a way of consensual conclusion of proceeding . The most conventional forms of consensual conclusion of proceedings in Polish law system are “sentencing without trial” and “voluntary submission to punishment”. These institutions were introduced to the Polish legal system with the new Criminal Procedure Code in 1997 and amended in 2003. By implementing the demands of representatives of the Practice of law, Polish legislator by the amendment from 27 September 2013, expanded the possibility of application the consensual conclusion of proceedings. The purpose of this article is to show the shape and comparison of “voluntary submission to punishment” and “sentencing without trial” in form before and after amendment from 2013. This work also includes some opinions of Polish legal doctrine on this amendment and some comments on functioning of these institutions in practice. The last point of this thesis, besides the benefi ts arising from the use of such institutions, contains also a reference to certain risks associated with misuse or mismanagement of these institutions.
4
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Essay as a Form of Academic Writing

67%
Medvid O., Podolkova S.
Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna
|
2019
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issue 8
215-225
PL
Pisanie akademickie zawsze miało pierwszorzędne znaczenie dla studentów. Pisanie jest podstawą nauki, więc rozwijanie umiejętności pisania w języku angielskim otwiera przed nimi większe możliwości. Artykuł analizuje różne rodzaje eseju akademickiego, określa wymagania niezbędne do skutecznego pisania, analizuje strukturę i funkcje jego elementów składowych oraz bada strukturę kompozycyjną akapitów.
EN
Academic writing has always been of primary importance for post-graduate students. Writing is the basis of study, so developing the skills of writing in English opens higher opportunities for them. The paper considers different types of an academic essay, outlines requirements which are necessary for effective writing, analyses structure and functions of its constituent elements and examines compositional structure of paragraphs. The structure of an academic essay consists of introduction that includes thesis statement defining the content of the main part; body that presents argumentation of the problem. This part also includes compilation of other points of view and presentation of  the own theory.  Conclusion is the final part that summarizes the topics in the paragraphs and gives final commentary or recommendations of the writer. Compositional structure of a paragraph normally starts with the topic sentence identifying its main idea. It is  followed with supporting sentences developing the main idea and giving details, facts or examples, and the last sentence (concluding) which refers to the topic at the beginning of the paragraph or links the information with that coming up in the next paragraph. Such paragraph composition allows conveying information in the most effective way. Linking words and phrases (logical connectors) are normally used in the texts of academic essay and are classified on their functional purpose in the text. They realize coherent links between sentences and paragraphs and help students to convey their understanding best.  Academic writing, namely essays, teaches students to analyze and choose useful information for further research, to look at the ideas from a different prospective and to convey concepts and obtained results best to their target readers. An essay can be considered an effective form of different language skills control.     
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