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EN
In the process of shaping particular academic disciplines, there is a need to synthesise the existing research results and on their basis propose new methodological approaches and indicate the possibility of applying new directions of theoretic-cognitive and application research. This is the idea to which the theme and purpose of this paper refers. It proposes a new holistic research concept. The first part of the article reviews the hitherto research problems concerning the operation of an industrial plant (enterprise). Presented are the changing research concepts that initially treated the industrial plant as a landscape element, and then as a production plant affecting the processes of industry concentration, as well as socio-economic and cultural changes of the surroundings. In the second part, in the light of the theory of the dynamic system, the assumption was made that an industrial enterprise is not an isolated element of geographical space, but one of its functional components. Its role changes under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors, as well as in the process of civilisation development. Using the idea of a dynamic system and the model of the functioning of geographical space, a new, holistic concept of research into the operation and development of an industrial enterprise is proposed. It includes various relationships: between the enterprise and the elements of geographical space (natural, socio-economic, cultural), between the rules of economic development, between different functional types of enterprises, competitive, between the categories of the environment, between the power elites and types of policies. The proposed model approach makes it possible to define various relations with the enterprise and allows for a comprehensive understanding of its functioning in a diversified surroundings, and it provides for the definition of a more precise strategy for its development.
PL
Foresight jako narzędzie kształtowania przyszłości także w odniesieniu do przedsiębiorstw zyskuje na znaczeniu. Jest narzędziem wymagającym zarówno wiedzy, jak i odpowiednich nakładów finansowych i organizacyjnych. Wobec tego pojawia się istotne pytanie, czy jest to narzędzie o charakterze uniwersalnym, czy też zważywszy na cechy i warunki funkcjonowania np. małych przedsiębiorstw, znajduje zastosowanie „pod pewnymi warunkami”. Z analizy literatury przedmiotu i badań prowadzonych wśród MSP wynika konieczność różnicowania instrumentarium (zakresu) i formy koncepcji planistycznych w zależności od wielkości i warunków funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw. W literaturze przedmiotu można spotkać przynajmniej dwa (niewykluczające się) rozwiązania dla MSP. Jedno, w myśl którego przedsiębiorstwa (grupy przedsiębiorstw) korzystają ze wspólnych wynikow badań organizowanych i finansowanych przez państwo lub zrzeszenia (sieci); drugie, proponujące zróżnicowanie zakresu badań (różne typy foresightu) i uzależnienie ich stosowania od rzeczywistych potrzeb przedsiębiorstwa, determinowanych wewnętrznymi i zewnętrznymi warunkami ich funkcjonowania (foresight „na miarę”).
XX
Foresight, as a tool shaping the future, including that of enterprises, gains importance. Moreover, it requires both knowledge and adequate financial and organisational outlays. Therefore, a valid question arises, in view of the conditions and characteristics of the way small enterprises function, as to whether it is a universal tool, or whether it can only be used “under certain conditions.” The result based on the analysis of literature on the subject and the research conducted among the SMEs shows that it is necessary to diversify instruments (scope) and the form of planning concepts. In the reference literature one can encounter at least two (mutually nonexclusive) solutions for the SMEs. According to one solution, enterprises (groups of enterprises) use common research results that are carried out and funded by the state or organisations (networks); the second solution proposes diversifying the scope of research (different types of foresight) which should then be used depending on the actual needs of the enterprise determined by the external and internal conditions of its functioning (a “tailor-made” foresight).
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