Search results

1

Authoritarian Leadership, Conflicts and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa

100%

Świerczyńska K., Koulakoumouna E.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2021

|

vol. 12

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issue 38

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The goal of the paper is to analyze how the authoritarian leadership could impact economic performance in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa in the post-colonial period until currently. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Authoritarian leadership and power abuse led to a number of armed conflicts in the region since its formal independence. This may be accounted as one of the reasons, for which the region lags in terms of economic development compared to developed countries. The research comprises of qualitative and quantitative methods, including comparative analysis, basic statistics, and correlations. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: First, the literature review was conducted with the application of comparative and system analysis. Next, based on the available World Value Survey and Global Governance Indicators data, empirical analysis of the power indicators and economic growth relations in sub-Saharan Africa was performed. The results are discussed in the context of the ideas anchored in the theory of public choice and new institutional economics. RESEARCH RESULTS: The results indicate the existence of a power paradox, which burdens development of the region, people rely on strong leaders despite the fact that strong leadership leads to power abuse and economic crises. The attitudes to politics, democracy and trust are particular for the region and may be related with this problem. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The lack of control mechanisms over the exercise of public authority in politically unstable Sub-Saharan African countries contributes to the consolidation of unfavorable attitudes and the abuse of power by privileged position by political leaders. The focus should be placed on reinforcement of institutional capacities and accountability for power abuse.

2

Funkcjonalny wymiar konfliktu na rynku usług bankowych w Polsce

100%

Berger M., Mitręga M.

Nauki o Zarządzaniu

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2015

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issue 3 (24)

20-32

EN

Managing conflicts in customer relationships is one of most important and, at the same time, one of least explored, research areas within the larger area of relationship marketing studies. Such studies were not conducted in post-communist countries, which may be treated as a gap in the emerging theory of relationship conflict management. This paper presents research results that identify multi-dimensionality of conflict from the perspective of customers in banking industry in Poland. This study emphasizes four aspects of conflict handling, and the influence of these factors on customer satisfaction in relationship with the bank. This study is grounded in so-called “equity theory” with regard to exchange relationships.

3

Beyond the conflicts among religions

100%

Nakatomi K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Warszawskiej im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie

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2014

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issue 2(44)

13-20

EN

In this article the author preached the principle that could help understand the three great religions.

PL

W artykule autor przedstawia zasady, które mogą pomóc zrozumieć trzy wielkie religie.

4

„RESORTOWE” I „POSMOLEŃSKIE” DZIECI. KONFLIKTY I PODZIAŁY W ILUSTROWANYCH MAGAZYNACH SPOŁECZNYCH

100%

Mielczarek T.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2017

|

issue 4(15)

31-44 (14)

XX

Since 1989 Polish opinion press has transformed into illustrated social magazines perceiving politics as one of many areas of civic activity. Recently, the press in question started increasingly to perform integrating functions, becoming a tool for the creation of group identity. It moved from a platform of ideological parallelism towards a platform political parallelism. Due to political factionalisation and the exploitation of Polish media, they could be classified under the so-called “Mediterranean model” characterised by close ties between the media and political system.

5

LOKALNE ORGANIZACJE, KONFLIKTY I DIALOG

88%

Zalewski D.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2011

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vol. 38

|

issue 7(448)

19-23

EN

Conflicts between ngo’s and public administration, and inside of the III sector, we should treat as something obvious. This phenomena we can much more understand if we abandon the language of analysis, in which the crucial role plays the civic society idea. Local conflicts are, first of all, the result of endeavours aiming to maximization particular interests, both ngo’s and public administration. The care for particular interests not necessarily to be opposite to common interest. Both side of the negotiation process should make agree the cooperation area take into account the main aims, as well as vehicles, which they handle.

6

Commonly Misused Terms: War, Armed Conflict, Civil War and Military Coup D’Etat

88%

Petriashvili N., Tsutskiridze D.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 2

101-108

EN

The aim of the article is linguistic and semantic analysis of concepts such as armed conflict, war, civil war and coup d’etat. In the author’s opinion, these concepts do not coincide, and their correct classification will lead to a better understanding of the nature of international conflicts. Authors also draws attention to the need for cooperation between scientists and politicians in the aspect of greater effectiveness of international humanitarian law.

7

WPŁYW DYPLOMACJI WATYKAŃSKIEJ NA POLITYKĘ ŚWIATOWĄ – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA

88%

Cywoniuk J.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

|

2015

|

issue 3

39-55

EN

The Holy See is a particular subject of international law, which actively creates world order and international environment. Papal diplomacy and it's influence on interstate relations is interesting and mysterious matter, usually connected with conspiracy theories. An author of this text, based on selected examples of the Roman Catholic Church history, will present both positive and negative effects of the Vatican's diplomacy interference in a global affairs.

8

Zwalczanie handlu ludźmi i przemytu migrantów w Europie Południowo-Wschodniej przez SELEC

88%

Dobrowolski F.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

|

2022

|

vol. 2(34)

47-64

EN

Human trafficking is one of the modern forms of slavery and the most dangerous crime against freedom and human dignity. This practice is often associated with the phenomenon of illegal migration and smuggling of migrants, which are particularly intensified in the period of various types of conflicts (armed, ethnic, etc.). The international scale of the problem forces the cooperation of authorities and services responsible for security and public order in many countries. The article presents activities undertaken by the SELEC organization in combating this type of international organized crime in South-Eastern Europe. The source of the data are annual reports on the organization’s activities, published on its official website.

9

Comparison of the Western and Traditional African Methods of Conflict Resolution on the Example of International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (ICTR) and Gacaca Method in the Context of the 1994 Rwanda Genocide

88%

Chaggu B. J.

Historia i Polityka

|

2023

|

issue 44 (51)

73-85

EN

Local traditions of conflict resolution have been overlooked since the dominant methods of dealing with these issues are often centered on Western approaches to conflict resolution. This highlights the urgent need to prioritize engagement with indigenous knowledge and processes, particularly in conflict resolution and broadening our perspectives. While conflicts continue to rise in Africa(post-independence), we need to revisit the conflict resolution approaches that incorporate local traditions embedded in various African communities. The article highlights African approaches towards conflict resolution in Sub-Saharan Africa, e.g., such methods as Gacaca, in comparison with the Western concepts of conflict resolution. The author’s extensive experience and fascination with African traditions also makes it possible to introduce readers to various issues of peace studies of African origins. The qualitative methods with a reliance on various reports from Western and African peace and security experts as well as subject literature discourses on African indigenous conflict resolution methods have been used for the purposes of the article. The author’s analysis is also based on the interviews. Interviews were conducted to evaluate Gacaca courts and the procedures which included confessions, punishment or forgiveness then followed by reconciliation and integration into the society. The interviews included the victims of the genocide, a retired journalist, a former member of the Rwandan government, and a former employee of a non-governmental organization.

10

Vymezování hranic a prezentace přítomnosti. Pohřby jako konfliktní téma vícekonfesní společnosti předbělohorských českých a moravských vrchnostenských měst

75%

Hrdlička J.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2015

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vol. 30

|

issue 1

47-76

EN

The study analyses conflicts, which occurred in the Bohemian and Moravian seigneurial towns in the 16th and early 17th century in connection with funerals of the burghers and other citizens in these towns. In the conflicts, the author applies a thesis by one of the authors of the confessionalization concept according to which the individual confessions paid increased attention to disciplination of religious rituals to strengthen their own inner cohesion and determine themselves against their religious opponents. He interprets the inter-confessional conflicts in the context of individual confessions, which occurred in the multi-confessional milieu of seigneurial towns especially in the last quarter of the 16th and the first two decades of the 17th century. He also follows the gradual politicization of these local conflicts, which the evangelic estates used in their disputes with the Catholic ruler and their application in the contemporary propaganda.

11

Podlaska wielokulturowość i związane z nią problemy językowe mniejszości narodowych

75%

Sadanowicz E.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2017

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vol. 32

EN

The region of Podlasie is amongst the most diverse and multicultural parts of Poland and since the early Middle Ages it has been under the influence of Polish, Ruthenian and Lithuanian cultures. Waves of East Slavic settlers came from south – Volyn and Polesia as well as from north east – Volkovysk and Grodno area. The biggest population of East Slavic minority in Podlasie lives in the eastern part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship, namely Hajnówka, Bielsk and Siemiatycze Counties and is predominantly of Orthodox faith. The language situation in this area is of great complexity and there are considerable differences of ideas and opinions amongst scholars. The language spoken in the communities in the northern part of the region (to the north of the Narew river) is considered to be the East Slavic dialect based on Belarusian and the one spoken to the south of the Narew river is of Ukrainian origin or at least has Ukrainian features. Language and the sense of national identity are closely linked, and both problems has been widely discussed in Podlasie for decades. Nowadays, the most important and urgent question is how to preserve and promote the dialects.

12

Wars and Conflicts are Only Randomly Connected with Religion and Religious Beliefs. An Outline of Historical, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Approach

75%

Szocik K.

Studia Humana

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 2

37-46

EN

Many scholars that study of religion and religious beliefs find that they affect behavioral patterns. Some of them suggest that this impact is morally wrong because religion and religious beliefs can cause aggression, conflicts, and wars. However, it seems that this topic is more complicated and complex. Here I show that religion and religious beliefs can affect mentioned above morally wrong patterns only in some particular cases. Usually they do not do it. Here I show an outline of philosophical historical approach that was critically oriented against religion and that accused it about conflicts and wars. Then I briefly discuss two current scientific research approaches to the study of religion, cognitive and evolutionary. They falsify these critically oriented philosophers because they treat connection between religious beliefs and conflicts as random and necessary. The core idea of this paper assumes that religious beliefs do not affect aggression and wars directly. They can sometimes strengthen or weaken some biological mechanisms that then can be used to compete by conflicts or by not-violent inter-group competition.

13

Książęta pomorscy wobec konfliktu Polski i Litwy z zakonem niemieckim w 1409/1410 roku (przyczynek do uwarunkowań aktywności władczej w późnym średniowieczu)

75%

Kwiatkowski K.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2014

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vol. 79

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issue 3

7-37

EN

The article concerns the attitude of Pomeranian dukes towards the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic conflict in the period from the summer-autumn of 1409 until the moment prior to the Prussian expedition of the Polish king in the summer 1410. The author attempts to explain the relationship between Pomeranian dukes, the Polish Kingdom and the Teutonic Order by analysing the activities of monarchs in the context of certain events. He rejects the analytical formula of examining the activities of rulers in terms of long-term “political strategies”. He is interested exclusively in cultural conditions. The author examines the activities of Świętobor I [Latin: Suatobor] and Bogusław VIII. He presents the significance of the alliance concluded by them on 20-24 August 1409 with the grand master. The articles reveals the premises allowing us to assume that they supported the Teutonic Order militarily at the beginning of October 1409. The author refutes the opinions held by older researchers that Bogusław VIII was to support both the Teutonic Order and the Polish Kingdom at the end of 1409 and at the beginning of 1410. The activities undertaken by this ruler may be interpreted as a result of his attitude, unchanged since the autumn of 1409. He attempted to remain neutral in the Polish-Teutonic conflict. The author shows that in the spring of 1410 Bogusław VIII, who had fallen out with the grand master at that time, was far from making an alliance with the Polish king, which placed him in a very unfavourable position. He realised that had the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic conflict not finished amicably, he would have had to support the Teutonic Order. In this situation the Duke of Słupsk started to act as a mediator between the two sides of the conflict. Together with Świętobor I and Ulrich I he sent an envoy to the Polish king, which was one of the elements of extensive mediation activity undertaken by Sigismund of Luxembourg. For Pomeranian dukes, including Bogusław VIII. It was an opportunity to gain recognition and good fame in the Reich, particularly in the regional system connecting rulers, which extended the scope of his reign.

14

New Perspectives on the Use of Satellite Information in Contemporary Armed Conflicts and Crisis Management

75%

Goniewicz K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2023

|

issue 3(53)

109-118

EN

Among current global threats, the risk of developing an emergency requires a comprehensive approach from all entities involved in crisis management. Despite the advanced technologies available to predict each threat, taking appropriate countermeasures is often impossible. Often the best solution is to prepare in advance and act efficiently after the occurrence of a given threat event. It is also crucial to implement the latest methods and solutions that allow for better preparation and response in case of an emergency. This article presents the results of the analysis of the use of modern satellite systems aimed at, among others, improving security in the event of armed conflicts and crises. This perspective is written for two reasons. Foremost is to present the potential of the existing Polish security system, which aims to reduce the risks and minimise the problems of crisis management associated with natural disasters. Secondly, to foster a discussion and create a basis for exchanging information and advances within the countries implementing similar solutions. It is especially crucial in joint actions with neighbouring countries in case of emergencies and disasters in border areas.

15

Psychologiczne czynniki wspierające małżeństwo

75%

Opalach C.

Forum Teologiczne

|

2012

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vol. 13

85-96

EN

This article shows that the factors preventing the breakdown of marriage are a mature personality, the ability to communicate and solve conflicts, religiosity, self-development and the family background. The first element is a mature personality: emotional stability, responsibility, mature motivation and correct hierarchy of values. These characteristics are very important for creating a deep and stable relationship, which is marriage. The next factor is the ability to communicate and solve conflicts. Proper communication allows the spouses to share their experiences, know each other better, build an atmosphere of openness and security, as well as resolve emerging conflicts. Another factor is religiosity. It allows one to create a dialogue with God and another person, as well as a non-egocentric attitude, which places God at the centre of life. A result of this is altruism of the spouse in the life of a married couple. Another factor is the readiness for self-development. Such an attitude does not allow spouses to hide behind their immature mechanisms of defense against weaknesses and mistakes, but tells them to take up the internal work on their liquidation and the result is that the stability of the relationship increases. Finally, the final factor is the family background, which is a natural space for the proper shaping of all previous elements. Thanks to this, people from such families will not manipulate their spouses to achieve their development needs but they will be shown the correct picture of a marriage, which will be the point of reference for creating their own marriage.

16

Zmiany klimatu a bezpieczeństwo w regionie Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu – wybrane zagadnienia

75%

Diawoł-Sitko A.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2020

|

issue 1

199-216

EN

The article presents the impact of forecast climate change on political stability in the North African and the Middle East (MENA) region, at the state and region level. In the article, the author decided to accept the thesis that an appropriate response to the effects of climate change is one of the most important tasks of current governments in the region, and its lack will have negative consequences for political stability. Problems generated by climate change are not a major cause of conflict in the MENA region, but in combination with weak institutions and lack of adaptability, they can become one of the factors of instability. Especially that, as research shows, the countries of the region are highly prone to the negative effects of climate change, due to water scarcity, dependence on food imports, low level of socio-ecological resilience, social tensions and political conflicts as well as the ongoing migration crisis.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wpływ prognozowanych zmian klimatu na stabilność polityczną w regionie Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu (MENA) na poziomie państwa oraz regionu. W artykule przyjęto tezę, że odpowiednia reakcja na skutki zmian klimatu jest jednym z najważniejszych zadań obecnych rządów w regionie, a jej brak będzie miał negatywne konsekwencje dla stabilności politycznej. Problemy generowane przez zmiany klimatu nie są główną przyczyną konﬂ iktów w regionie MENA, ale w połączeniu ze słabymi instytucjami i brakiem zdolności adaptacyjnych mogą stać się jednym z czynników niestabilności. Zwłaszcza, że jak wskazują badania, państwa regionu są w dużym stopniu podatne na negatywne skutki zmian klimatu, ze względu na niedobór wody, uzależnienie od importu żywności, niski poziom społeczno-ekologicznej odporności, napięcia społeczne i konflikty polityczne oraz trwający kryzys migracyjny.

17

Migranci a zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa państwa na przykładzie RFN.

75%

Bojenko-Izdebska E.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2015

|

issue 1

159-170

EN

One of the concomitants of migration is the danger posed by armed conflicts which are transposed from the country of origin of the migrants to the territory of the receiving country. The article analyses this issue by presenting the current situation in Germany. It discusses the conflict between the Turks and Kurds which took place in the 90s and the danger posed by the radicalisation of Muslim communities, especially the Salafis. Several internal threats can be identified: the recruitment of foreigners and German nationals to fight for the Islamic State, the return of welltrained terrorists who are willing to continue jihad in Germany, and also the so-called individual jihad, that is terrorist attacks committed by people not affiliated with any organization. The current situation is responsible for a rise in ‘anti-Islamic’ feelings and the inception of such new movements as PEGIDA, LeGIDA or HoGeSa (Hooligans Against Salaﬁ s), which in turn leads to further rioting and unrest. The State defends against this threat by increasing the surveillance of suspects, banning the activities of radical organisations, counteracting recruitment, blocking collection of money, restricting freedom of movement abroad and so on. However, due to the peculiarity of radical movements and the nature of their activities, it is necessary to implement a more comprehensive strategy, as even the best integration programmes fail to succeed.

18

Dla kogo Śląsk? Konflikty Piastów w drugiej połowie XII wieku

71%

Biniaś-Szkopek M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

|

2016

|

vol. 14

|

issue 4 (2)

25-36

EN

The events of the second half of the twelfth century was a watershed in the relationship between Poland and Silesia. In general, this period of Polish history is considered to be the beginning of the fragmentation of the Piast patrimony into politically separate principalities. Disagreements between individual Piast dynasts led to a series of civil wars which were sett-led by a further division of the Piast realm as apanages to younger members of the dynasty. Opportunistic Imperial interventions in the turbulent internal politics of the Piast monarchy further complicated matters, specifically the thorny issue of overlordship of Silesia became the key aspect of the relationship between Poland and the Empire. For these reasons the later part of the twelfth century is considered the era in which the origins of the separation of Silesia from the Piast monarchy was first placed.

19

Die Mauer steht noch, oder: Begegnungen an der Grenze. Menschen, Geschichten und Konflikte in Unterleuten (2016) von Juli Zeh

71%

Jurzysta A.

Tematy i Konteksty

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2017

|

vol. 12

|

issue 7

386-401

PL

The article is devoted to Juli Zeh’s novel Unterleuten, which explores what happens in a small village outside of Berlin, when an energy company arrives with plans to develop a wind farm. Brutality surfaces in many forms, from harassment and deliberate cruelty to perverse acts of revenge. Two old men, a successful agribusiness man and a displaced comrade from the former GDR farming collective, reengage in past conflicts, and their twenty-year-long feud grows into a prime source of vicious ill feeling. The structure of the novel is like a literary kaleidoscope: Unterleuten is a place between past and present, east and west, city and province, civilisation and tradition, reality and fiction, true and false, winners and losers.

20

Present and potential factors destabilizing Central Asia as a challenge to the European Union

71%

Fiedler R.

Przegląd Politologiczny

|

2016

|

issue 2

105-114

PL

Azja Centralna boryka się z różnymi wyzwaniami od konfliktów o wodę, po na tle etnicznym, religijnym. Kolejnym czynnikiem destabilizacyjnym jest rosnąca rywalizacja w regionie pomiędzy Rosją, Chinami i USA. O ile Rosja chce utrzymać swoją strefę wpływów, o tyle Chiny chcą zbudować swoją. Aktywność USA związana jest przede wszystkim ze stabilizacją Afganistanu. Na tym tle oraz wobec różnych problemów i wyzwań, aktywność UE jest niewielka. Przeważają instrumenty miękkie, ale działania UE nie są spójne, bowiem brakuje szerszej i długofalowej strategii wobec Azji Centralnej, która przedefiniowałaby zaangażowanie unijne wobec tego regionu.

EN

Central Asia is struggling with various challenges ranging from conflicts over water to ethnic and religious conflicts. Another factor destabilizing the situation is the mounting regional competition between Russia, China and the USA. While Russia is trying to maintain its zone of influence, China wants to build its own zone. US activities are mainly related to stabilization in Afghanistan. Given this background and the different problems and challenges, the EU’s activities in this region are negligible. Soft instruments prevail, but EU activities are anything but coherent, as the EU lacks a broad, long-term strategy of relations with Central Asia that could redefine EU involvement in the region.

Refine search results

Authoritarian Leadership, Conflicts and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Funkcjonalny wymiar konfliktu na rynku usług bankowych w Polsce

Beyond the conflicts among religions

„RESORTOWE” I „POSMOLEŃSKIE” DZIECI. KONFLIKTY I PODZIAŁY W ILUSTROWANYCH MAGAZYNACH SPOŁECZNYCH

LOKALNE ORGANIZACJE, KONFLIKTY I DIALOG

Commonly Misused Terms: War, Armed Conflict, Civil War and Military Coup D’Etat

WPŁYW DYPLOMACJI WATYKAŃSKIEJ NA POLITYKĘ ŚWIATOWĄ – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA

Zwalczanie handlu ludźmi i przemytu migrantów w Europie Południowo-Wschodniej przez SELEC

Comparison of the Western and Traditional African Methods of Conflict Resolution on the Example of International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (ICTR) and Gacaca Method in the Context of the 1994 Rwanda Genocide

Vymezování hranic a prezentace přítomnosti. Pohřby jako konfliktní téma vícekonfesní společnosti předbělohorských českých a moravských vrchnostenských měst

Podlaska wielokulturowość i związane z nią problemy językowe mniejszości narodowych

Wars and Conflicts are Only Randomly Connected with Religion and Religious Beliefs. An Outline of Historical, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Approach

Książęta pomorscy wobec konfliktu Polski i Litwy z zakonem niemieckim w 1409/1410 roku (przyczynek do uwarunkowań aktywności władczej w późnym średniowieczu)

New Perspectives on the Use of Satellite Information in Contemporary Armed Conflicts and Crisis Management

Psychologiczne czynniki wspierające małżeństwo

Zmiany klimatu a bezpieczeństwo w regionie Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu – wybrane zagadnienia

Migranci a zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa państwa na przykładzie RFN.

Dla kogo Śląsk? Konflikty Piastów w drugiej połowie XII wieku

Die Mauer steht noch, oder: Begegnungen an der Grenze. Menschen, Geschichten und Konflikte in Unterleuten (2016) von Juli Zeh

Present and potential factors destabilizing Central Asia as a challenge to the European Union