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Faster decline of pitch memory over time in congenital amusia

100%
Williamson V., McDonald C., Deutsch D., Griffiths T., Stewart L.
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
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2010
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vol. 6
15-22
EN
Congenital amusia (amusia, hereafter) is a developmental disorder that impacts negatively on the perception of music. Psychophysical testing suggests that individuals with amusia have above average thresholds for detection of pitch change and pitch direction discrimination; however, a low-level auditory perceptual problem cannot completely explain the disorder, since discrimination of melodies is also impaired when the constituent intervals are suprathreshold for perception. The aim of the present study was to test pitch memory as a function of (a) time and (b) tonal interference, in order to determine whether pitch traces are inherently weaker in amusic individuals. Memory for the pitch of single tones was compared using two versions of a paradigm developed by Deutsch (1970a). In both tasks, participants compared the pitch of a standard (S) versus a comparison (C) tone. In the time task, the S and C tones were presented, separated in time by 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 s (blocked presentation). In the interference task, the S and C tones were presented with a fixed time interval (5 s) but with a variable number of irrelevant tones in between: 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 tones (blocked presentation). In the time task, control performance remained high for all time in tervals, but amusics showed a performance decrement over time. In the interference task, controls and amusics showed a similar performance decrement with increasing number of irrelevant tones. Overall, the results suggest that the pitch representations of amusic individuals are less stable and more prone to decay than those of matched non-amusic individuals.
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Disorders of Music Perception and Speech Prosody Perception (As Exemplified by Studies on Polish-speaking Six-Year-Old Children)

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Wysocka M.
Logopedia
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2012
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vol. 41 EN
115-124
EN
Many similarities between music and speech encourage observation of relationships between mechanisms of perception of the two phenomena. One of the ways of investigating them is to study patients afflicted with amusia related to difficulties in music reception and expression. Congenital amusia, the subject of the present article, is most often defined as a deficit in musical pitch perception. The latest research results suggest that it may also be related to auditory memory disorders, impairments in musical timbre perception, and their temporal organization. Because in speech prosody many items of information are encoded by means of changes in vocal pitch, temporal organization of prosodic features and timbre of voice, it is necessary to find out how perception disorders concomitant with amusia are related to the process of perception of prosodic structures. The article presents the results obtained in tests for music perception and speech prosody perception by three six-year-old amusic girls, which were compared with the results obtained by the control group consisting of 10 six-year-old children (five girls and five boys) The results obtained confirm the relationship between amusia and a reduced ability of speech prosody perception.
3
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Acquired and congenital disorders of sung performance: A review

75%
Berkowska M., Bella S.
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
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2009
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vol. 5
69-83
EN
Many believe that the majority of people are unable to carry a tune. Yet, this widespread idea underestimates the singing abilities of the layman. Most occasional singers can sing in tune and in time, provided that they perform at a slow tempo. Here we characterize proficient singing in the general population and identify its neuronal underpinnings by reviewing behavioral and neuroimaging studies. In addition, poor singing resulting from a brain injury or neurogenetic disorder (i.e., tone deafness or congenital amusia) is examined. Different lines of evidence converge in indicating that poor singing is not a monolithic deficit. A variety of poor-singing "phenotypes" are described, with or without concurrent perceptual deficits. In addition, particular attention is paid to the dissociations between specific abilities in poor singers (e.g., production of absolute vs. relative pitch, pitch vs. time accuracy). Such diversity of impairments in poor singers can be traced to different faulty mechanisms within the vocal sensorimotor loop, such as pitch perception and sensorimotor integration.
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Zaburzenia percepcji muzyki a odbiór prozodii mowy (na przykładzie badań polskojęzycznych sześcioletnich dzieci)

63%
Wysocka M.
Logopedia
|
2012
|
vol. 41
121-131
PL
Istnienie licznych podobieństw zachodzących między muzyką i mową skłania do obserwacji związków mechanizmów percepcji obu zjawisk. Jednym ze sposobów ich śledzenia jest badanie osób dotkniętych amuzją związaną z trudnościami w odbiorze i ekspresji muzyki. Amuzja wrodzona, będąca przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule, jest najczęściej definiowana jako zaburzenie percepcji wysokości dźwięków muzyki. Najnowsze rezultaty badań sugerują, że może się ona również wiązać z zaburzeniami pamięci słuchowej, percepcji barwy dźwięków i ich organizacji czasowej. Ze względu na to, że w prozodii mowy wiele informacji kodowanych jest za pomocą zmian wysokości głosu, organizacji czasowej jednostek prozodycznych i barwy głosu, warto sprawdzić, w jaki sposób zaburzenia percepcyjne towarzyszące amuzji powiązane są z procesem odbioru struktur prozodycznych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki uzyskane w testach percepcji muzyki i prozodii mowy przez trzy sześcioletnie dziewczynki z amuzją i porównano je z wynikami grupy kontrolnej, składającej się z dziesięciorga dzieci sześcioletnich (pięciu dziewczynek i pięciu chłopców). Uzyskane rezultaty potwierdzają związek amuzji z obniżeniem zdolności odbioru prozodii mowy.
EN
Many similarities between music and speech encourage observation of relationships between mechanisms of perception of the two phenomena. One of the ways of investigating them is to study patients afflicted with amusia related to difficulties in music reception and expression. Congenital amusia, the subject of the present article, is most often defined as a deficit in musical pitch perception. The latest research results suggest that it may also be related to auditory memory disorders, impairments in musical timbre perception, and their temporal organization. Because in speech prosody many items of information are encoded by means of changes in vocal pitch, temporal organization of prosodic features and timbre of voice, it is necessary to find out how perception disorders concomitant with amusia are related to the process of perception of prosodic structures. The article presents the results obtained in tests for music perception and speech prosody perception by three six-year-old amusic girl, which were compared with the results obtained by the control group consisting of 10 six-year-old children (five girls and five boys) The results obtained confirm the relationship between amusia and a reduced ability of speech prosody perception ability.
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