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On cognitive tension

100%
Iwaszuk M.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
|
2021
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
415-431
EN
Aim. The foundation of symbolization is a substitution: a mediation between a Representamen and Object. The paper leverages this core mechanic to examine the substitutions within the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, which compose every act of thinking. Recognizing it is a single instance: the Ego, which regulates this parallel mediation, the paper focuses on the exploration of dichotomies that result from the necessity to perform two symbolizations simultaneously. Concepts. The study’s theoretical framework is determined by Charles S. Peirce’s (1998) concept of sign and Melanie Klein’s (1948) psychoanalytic theory. From semiotic and psychoanalytic angles, this paper explores possible comprehensions of the object in the quasi-mind (Interpretant in infinite semiosis) and actual realization of code in the act of individual thinking (Ego mediating between conscious and unconscious symbolization). Results and conclusion. The main result of the study is the exposure of dichotomies that structure the shared ground for the conscious and the unconscious symbolization. This, in turn, highlights tangible constraints that the mind is subjected to in the act of thinking. Cognitive value. The study’s main contribution is the high-level scheme of dynamics that hold the Ego in reality through the means of unconscious and conscious symbolization. The study also incorporates into coherent model unexamined aspects of individual sign usage: it deploys psychic continuity into the conscious symbolization process (by basing the model on the instance of Ego), which allows addressing the issues arising at the border of conscious and unconscious symbolization.
2

Współczesne wymiary wolontariatu w perspektywie działalności Koła Naukowego Młodych Wolontariuszy

86%
Sosnowski T., Wołyniec E., Zielińska N.
Resocjalizacja Polska
|
2013
|
issue 4/2013
289-298
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiona została idea wolontariatu w perspektywie działań studentów z Koła Naukowego Młodych Wolontariuszy. Tekst zawiera część teoretyczną dotyczącą problematyki wolontarystycznej oraz prezentację wybranych działań podejmowanych przez studentów-wolontariuszy Wydziału Pedagogiki i Psychologii. Podsumowanie opracowania ukazuje potrzebę rozbudzania sił społecznych drzemiących w środowisku życia współczesnego człowieka zgodnie z koncepcją Heleny Radlińskiej – prekursorki polskiej pedagogiki społecznej.
EN
This paper presents the idea of volunteering to run the activities of students from Scientific Group of Young Volunteers. The text contains some theoretical issues relating to volunteer and presentation of selected activities undertaken by the students – volunteers of the Faculty of Education and Psychology. Summary shows the need for fostering the development of social forces dormant in the environment of modern life with the concept of man as H. Radlinski – Polish predecessors of social pedagogy.
3
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Co to znaczy: robić coś świadomie oraz świadomie coś robić? Dyskusja na temat epistemiczności / wolitywności przysłówków świadomie / nieświadomie

86%
Duraj-Nowosielska I.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2016
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issue 13
107-142
EN
In the paper I reflect on the following questions concerning the Polish adverb świadomie ("consciously"): a) its relation to the adjective świadomy ("conscious"), on a syntactic and semantic level; b) the relation to its negative counterpart nieświadomie ("unconsciously"); c) how its interpretation depends on the intonational pattern of a sentence; d) how its interpretation depends on the intonational pattern of a sentence; d) how its interpretation depends on basic features of a modified verb. The key idea of the article, following the tradition of compositional semantics and semantic syntax (with a general reference to philosophical tradition), is that the adverb świadomie, both formally and semantically related to a stricly epistemic expression ktoś jest świadomy czegoś ("somebody is conscious of something"), in typical syntactic / intonational contexts shows certain features characteristic of volitional expressions (like celowo "purposefully" or umyślnie "deliberately"); I try to explain a semantic mechanism of this kind of transformation.
4
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Poznanie siebie jako podstawa tożsamości

58%
Maciejczak M.
Filozofia i nauka. Studia filozoficzne i interdyscyplinarne
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2014
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vol. 2
81-111
PL
Socjologiczne badania pozwalają zrozumieć zmiany, jakim podlegają pojęcia tożsamości, indywidualności, zobowiązań wobec siebie i społeczeństwa, sztuki, instytucji uniwersytetu, religii. Zmiany zagrażają integralności jednostki. Autor zwraca się do poglądów Immanuela Kanta, Martina Heideggera, Ludwiga Wittgensteina, Karola Wojtyły i Charlesa Taylora po środki konieczne do tworzenia i zachowania tożsamości.
EN
Sociological investigations show the ever changing meaning of concepts of individual, identity, obligation towards self and others, and also culture, university, religion. In consumerist societies these concepts become fluid. Not only the project of a life style becomes market-oriented, but also that of self-fulfilment. The personal identity requires attention, goals, values, a language. Personal identity requires reflection. Kant, Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Wojtyła and Taylor provide guidelines as how to examine this kind of reflection.
5
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Świadomy akt spostrzeżenia

44%
Mordka C.
ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich
|
2018
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vol. 18
59-73
RU
Главной целью статьи является представление акта восприятия в его сознательном аспекте. Этот сознательный аспект является, согласно автору, обязательной исходной точкой для дальнейших анализов перцепционных процессов (в том числе несознательных процессов). Представляя сознательный аспект восприятия, автор доопределил понятие «сознание» с помощью таких категории как качественный доступ, ограниченное число модальности, преднамеренность, содержательность (концептуальность). В описании акта восприятия автор отличил феноменальную и оценочную перцепцию. Феноменальная перцепция как основная является связанной с феноменальной изменчивостью, которая привела (и ведет к скептицизму). Аргументируя феноменальность (преднамеренное существование) характера сознательного поля, автор указал каким способом, благодаря активации эмоциональной системы, можно получить достоверность акта восприятия (и, следовательно, также, переступить скептицизм).
EN
The main purpose of this paper was to present a conscious aspect of a perceptual act. This aspect is a necessary base for further investigations of perceptual processes (including those that act below the conscious level). Before presenting the conscious aspect of perceptual act the author defined the notion of “conscious” with a help of such categories as qualitative access, limited number of cognitive faculties, intentionality, and content. In describing act of perception he differentiates between phenomenological and evaluative kinds of perception. The first one seems to be basic but results in scepticism due to phenomenological variability. Arguing for phenomenal nature of conscious field the author shows how, thanks to activation of emotional system is possible to achieve the reliability of perceptual act (and yet to weaken scepticism).
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