Search results

1

Układy, znajomości, „haki” Paranoja spiskowa w polskim kinie współczesnym

100%

Durys E.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2016

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vol. 16

44-54

EN

The Polish national cinema is famous for its critical approach towards the government and official authorities and implicit references to the current social and political situation. The Polish Film School, The Cinema of Moral Concern or the works of such great auteurs as Andrzej Wajda or Krzysztof Kieślowski (esp. in his early work) bear that mark and must be analyzed in the context of politics. With the exception of historical movies, after 1989 Polish filmmakers openly distanced themselves from politics. The few exceptions that were released employ genre formulas to express political views. In my article I would like to focus on the usage of conspiracy paranoid cinema in Entanglement (2011), Traffic Department (2013), Closed Circuit (2013), and Secret Wars (2014). A brief history of paranoid conspiracy thinking in Poland precedes the analysis of the aforementioned movies. I also address the question to what extent the genre formulas shaped the world vision and ideology that inform those productions.

2

The Spoiled Drama of Emancipation: Conflicting Narratives

100%

Kurczewski J.

Polish Sociological Review

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2010

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vol. 168

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issue 4

539-554

EN

This paper focuses on the negative narratives of the transformation in Poland, which describe the Round Table talks in 1989 as having been an act, showing at least the domination of the communist leaders, if not the betrayal by the opposition leaders. This is continued in the institutionalized procedures of lustration, in searching for secret police agents amongst others. The persistence of the topic as the foremost in the post-1989 political life of democratic Poland is explained by reference to the dramaturgical structure of the transformation as an emancipation that should have led to a cathartic culmination. In fact, in Poland the social drama (Turner 1974 ) had started much earlier, witnessed by the summer strikes of 1980 and the establishment of Solidarność but was spoiled by martial law which was introduced by the communists on January 13th, 1981. Thus the freezing stage followed instead, while the emancipation was effected ten years later from above as a result of negotiated compromise. Apart from that emancipation, this meant the introduction of a capitalist economy while political freedom and democracy were the only elements kept on the publicly agreed upon agenda of the anti-communist movement. The negative narratives result from frustration, which in turn leads to symbolic lustration attempts at scapegoating the opposition leader(s).

3

Koroonaviiruse SARS-CoV-2 algusfaasi vastukaja (sotsiaal)meedias

88%

Kuperjanov M.

Mäetagused

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2020

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vol. 76

5-28

EN

The aim of the article is to give an overview of the first month of the novel coronavirus outbreak and public reactions to the news in the media comments and social media environments. The pandemic is still in its initial phase at the time of the publishing of the article and the knowledge about virus SARS-CoV-2 and disease COVID-19 is increasing on a daily basis. During the first month of the virus outbreak the growing flow of information and rapid escalation of the situation made the topic more noticeable in both the media and social media and thus provided a fertile basis for jokes and internet memes, legends, fake news, misinformation and conspiracy theories, etc., as was the case with the former bigger epidemics and pandemics. As it has also been observed previously, the consequences of some fake news, misinformation and conspiracy theories may often be more harmful for the society than the disease itself. Several motives and storylines are universal and surge as similar situations arise both in Estonia and in the rest of the world. The article also presents a small selection of more prominent topics and examples of the outbreak from social media environments during the initial phase of international awareness of the novel coronavirus.

4

Media Exposure to Conspiracy vs. Anti-conspiracy Information. Effects on the Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine

88%

Buturoiu R., Udrea G., Dumitrache A. C., Corbu N.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 2(29)

237-258

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic opened the doors for a corresponding “infodemic”, associated with various misleading narratives related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As the way to stop the pandemic was unveiled, misleading narratives switched from the disease itself to the vaccine. Nevertheless, a rather scarce corpus of literature has approached the effects of these narratives on the willingness to take a vaccine against COVID-19. This study investigates how exposure to conspiracy narratives versus information that counter these narratives influences people’s willingness to get vaccinated. Based on an experimental design, using a sample of Romanian students (N=301), this research shows that exposure to factual information related to COVID-19 vaccines meant to debunk conspiracy theories leads to higher willingness to vaccinate. Furthermore, this study shows that young, educated Romanians consider distant others to be more influenced by conspiracy theories on this topic, and, therefore, more prone to exhibit hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination.

5

Book review: Marc-William Palen, The ‘Conspiracy’ of Free Trade: The Anglo-American Struggle Over Empire and Economic Globalisation, 1846-1896, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2016

75%

Menkes M.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2016

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vol. 36

295-298

EN

Review of a book: Marc-William Palen, The ‘Conspiracy’ of Free Trade: The Anglo-American Struggle Over Empire and Economic Globalisation, 1846-1896, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2016

6

Psychologiczne źródła teorii spiskowych

75%

Guzowski J., Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2016

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vol. 33 (2)

EN

Conspiracy theory, according to the definition proposed by Sunstein and Vermeule is an effort to explain some event or practice by reference to the machinations of powerful people, who attempt to conceal their role (at least until their aims are accomplished). In this article I would like to present cognitive mechanisms that make some people prefer conspirational thinking. To explain the source of conspiratorial thinking and the emergence of conspiracy theories I will use distinction introduced by Wiktor Stoczkowski between productive and limited rationality. This mechanism can explain the adoption of beliefs underlying limited rationality.

7

Witkacy and Conspiracy Theories

75%

Gerould D.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2013

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issue 4(31)

59-71

EN

In this article the author takes an historical overview of conspiracy theories and how they have been paraded in the work of Witkacy. They have been with us at least since the time of Ancient Rome, connected both with the Christians and Jews. The author argues that they have been used to explain historical events, especially at times of crisis, social change and upheaval, when nations, social groups, and individuals have felt threatened by inexplicable disasters and perils. Conspiratorial thinking detects labyrinthine plots and finds individuals or groups that can be held responsible for menacing social changes. They have clearly influenced Witkacy’s work. It is argued that the lonely protagonist is confronted by encroaching realms of otherness, ‘concentric circles of constraint and encroachment’ in the form of the cosmos, political and social order, family, and even the self.

8

Is Covid-19 an “Ordinary Flu” that Benefits Politicians? Perception of Pandemic Disinformation in Latvia

75%

Rožukalne A., Murinska S., Tifentale A.

Communication Today

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 2

68-83

EN

This study examines society’s susceptibility to COVID-19-related disinformation in Latvia, linking it to self-evaluation of the perceived COVID-19 health risks. The main research questions are: “How do Latvians experience disinformation about COVID-19?”; “How does this experience relate to different degrees of perceived disease risks?”. A nationally representative survey was conducted in September 2020, reaching 1,013 of Latvia’s residents aged 18 to 75. More than half of the respondents (54%) have encountered misleading or false information; 30% thought that “the COVID-19-related chaos is beneficial to politicians”, while 17% believed that “COVID-19 is like flu”. Respondents with a higher level of education and more active media usage habits are more likely to recognise disinformation about COVID-19. Moreover, this skill is linked to a higher degree of perceived threat of the disease. Yet, those who rate their risk of disease as very high, alongside those who rate their risk of disease as low and unreal, are ‘infodemically’ vulnerable – more susceptible to disinformation, false news, and conspiracy theories. Recommendations to communicators about curbing the diffusion of disinformation and diminishing its impact are provided.

9

Zaprzeczenie jako forma oswajania sytuacji kryzysowej . Teorie spiskowe wokół pandemii wywołanej koronawirusem wśród społeczności internetowych

63%

Veltzé K.

Com.press

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 1

22-35

EN

The paper explores the problem of conspiracy theories about the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as the coronavirus. These theories have become a way of responding to the crisis situation and it is the definition of this phenomenon that is the starting point for further considerations. Later in the paper, we outline the role of the media in the era of the pandemic. We also define a conspiracy theory as a means to deny the situation as well as describe the most popular Internet conspiracy theories in Poland. The last part of the paper focuses on selected groups existing within Facebook, members of which are called "coronasceptics". In addition to observing the behavior of such communities, we also analyze the topics discussed by their most active members. Finally, we indicate the effects of creating and disseminating conspiracy theories about the coronavirus.

PL

Artykuł porusza problematykę teorii spiskowych koncentrujących się wokół pandemii spowodowanej wirusem SARS-CoV-2, potocznie zwanym koronawirusem. Teorie te stały się sposobem reakcji na doświadczenie sytuacji kryzysowej i to właśnie jej zdefiniowanie stanowi punkt wyjścia dla rozważań. W dalszej części została nakreślona rola mediów w dobie pandemii. Teoria spiskowa jako sposób zaprzeczenia zaistniałej sytuacji została zdefiniowana wraz ze wskazaniem i scharakteryzowaniem najbardziej popularnych koncepcji w polskiej przestrzeni internetowej. Ostatnia część artykułu skupia się na wybranych grupach istniejących na portalu społecznościowym Facebook, których użytkownicy uzyskali miano „koronasceptyków”. Oprócz obserwacji ruchu wśród tego typu społeczności, analizie poddano tematykę, jaką poruszają w postach najbardziej aktywni internauci. Na koniec wskazane zostały skutki tworzenia i rozpowszechniania teorii spiskowych związanych z koronawirusem.

10

Izolacja i komunikacja. Rodzaje izolacji i towarzyszące im deficyty komunikacyjne

63%

Wasilewski J.

Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej

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2021

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vol. 27: IZOLACJA I KOMUNIKACJA – ROZWAŻANIA NAD FORMAMI KOMUNIKACJI LITERACKIEJ I KULTUROWEJ

9-23

EN

The article considers various types of isolation and the communication deficits that characterize them. Taking into account oppositions: individual-collective and willcoercion, the following four isolation situations could be created: when a group isolates itself from others (stronghold), when a group isolates individuals from itself (prison), when an individual isolates itself from others (hermitage) and when an individual is not able to integrate with others (wilderness). These four situations have consequences in how a person communicates, gaining control over the environment, and how he deals with problems through the interpretation of events. These situations are also associated with a specific body of knowledge and the ability to dispose of it, and the ability to regulate relationships with others. As examples of the intersection of these categories – knowledge and relations – the article cites the fate of doctors in a pandemic and conspiracy theories related to it, as well as key cases of certain problems in communication, such as the case of Kaspar Hauser or Japanese hikikomori.

11

The Year of Enduring COVID-19: Typology of Attitudes Displayed by Health Care Professionals in Ukraine

63%

Klimanska M., Klymanska L., Haletska I.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 2

375-398

EN

Aim. Identification and construction of the typology of attitudes of health care professionals in Ukraine to the current COVID-19 situation and vaccination process. Methods. Transcripts of 49 semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis constituted the subject matter of the analysis. On the basis of the categories identified within the thematic analysis process, a typology was developed, with due account of two parameters: the idea about the origin of the virus: artificial or natural, and the attitude of the informants to the policy (implementation of policy decisions) chosen by the authorities to fight the virus. Combination of these two parameters gives four standpoints-types of attitude of health care professionals to the risks associated with COVID-19. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results has enabled to outline the problem field for assessing the risk of COVID-19, which includes three topics, as well as to point out four typical standpoints in the attitude displayed by health care professionals that are marked as “magical thinking,” “technological thinking,” “negativistic thinking,” “critical thinking.” Originality. The research was conducted during the third wave of coronavirus in Ukraine, therefore, it reflects the analysed opinions of health care professionals about the threat of COVID-19 and vaccination process. The fact that the research was performed using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of changes in the COVID-19 situation.

12

Conspiratio maligna w naczyniu, czyli globalne teorie spiskowe a sceptycyzm

63%

Makuła S.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2021

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vol. 56

53-73

EN

The paper presents a comparison of a particular type of conspiracy theory, the so-called global malevolent conspiracy theory, with Hilary Putnam’s famous thought experiment concerning brains in a vat. Holding the belief that there is such a thing as a malevolent conspiracy places one in a position similar to the aforementioned brain in a vat situation. This is a result of conspiratio maligna’s unrestricted ability to influence, control, or even to create every aspect of our social, political and economic life. The unlimited power of such a mysterious organization is the reason why its victims cannot trust anyone, including their government, scientists, or even other conspiracy theorists. Literally every man, woman and institution are suspected of being bribed, controlled or intimidated by conspiracy. There is only one possible solution to this situation, and it is to remain skeptical about everything.

PL

Celem artykułu jest porównanie szczególnej odmiany teorii spiskowych, tzw. globalnej teorii spiskowej do sławnego eksperymentu myślowego autorstwa H. Putnama o mózgach w naczyniu. Uznanie istnienia złowrogiego spisku światowego stawia wierzącą weń osobę w podobnej sytuacji do tej, w której znajduje się człowiek próbujący rozstrzygnąć, czy jest mózgiem w naczyniu. Dzieje się tak, ponieważ conspiratio maligna ma niczym nieograniczoną moc wywierania wpływu, kontrolowania, a nawet tworzenia dowolnych aspektów naszego społecznego, politycznego i ekonomicznego życia. Wszechmoc tej tajemniczej organizacji jest powodem, dla którego jej ofiary nie mogą nikomu ufać, ani rządowi, ani naukowcom, a nawet innym wyznawcom teorii spiskowych. Wszystkich – ludzi i instytucje – podejrzewa się o to, że są przekupieni, kontrolowani lub zastraszeni przez spisek. Zachować sceptycyzm wobec wszystkiego, to jedyne wyjście z tej sytuacji.

13

Superroznosiciele wątpliwości. Sceptycyzm i teorie spiskowe w dobie koronawirusa

63%

Wróblewski M.

Dyskurs & Dialog

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2020

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vol. II

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issue 4 (6)

23-41

EN

In the article, using the metaphor of a super-spreader, the phenomenon of spreading scepticism about science and medical expertise was analysed. The author wants to show that in the debate on the coronavirus, specific actors contribute to the dissemination of negative beliefs about the virus. In the first part of the text, earlier cases of conspiracy theories and attempts to delegitimize medical knowledge are mentioned, showing that these are quite frequent reactions to epidemics. The second part of the text analyzes the statements made by politicians related to the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic in order to show why they play the role of the super-spreaders of doubts.

PL

W artykule używając metafory superreroznosiciela zanalizowano zjawisko rozprzestrzeniania się sceptycyzmu wobec nauki i ekspertyzy medycznej. Autor chce pokazać, że w debacie na temat koronawirusa konkretni aktorzy przyczyniają się do utrwalania negatywnych przekonań na temat samego wirusa, jak i sposobów jego okiełznania. W pierwszej części tekstu przywołane zostały wcześniejsze przypadki teorii spiskowych i prób delegitymizowania wiedzy medycznej, pokazując, że są to dość częste reakcje na epidemie. W drugiej natomiast dokonano analizy wypowiedzi medialnych polityków Konfederacji związanych z pandemią Sars-Cov-2, by pokazać, dlaczego odgrywają oni rolę tytułowych superroznosicieli wątpliwości.

14

Critical Thinking in the “Post-Truth” Era

51%

Pukhta I.

Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny

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2019

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vol. XVI (2019)

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issue 1: Filozofia: Lwów-Preszów-Rzeszów

67-76

EN

The aim of the present essay is mainly to deconstruct the contemporary turn of post-truth politics by examining the various phenomena to the point where post-truth’s Weltanschauung challenges the boundaries between veritas and fake news’ reduction as an intellectual voyage into/of the voiceless cultivation of emotional policy in view to destroy an establishing worldly tradition of critical thinking reclaiming a transformative appraisal of new “datum” to believe and to develop the notion of the rationality which likewisely has constructed the multileveled responsibility of truth toward the generations of humanity to come. In our research we wish to interrogate the inner and outward faces of post-truth phenomena, their fakes and acts of simulating truth.

PL

Celem niniejszego eseju jest przede wszystkim dekonstrukcja roli krytycznego myślenia we współczesnej idei post-prawdy poprzez zbadanie różnych fenomenów dotyczącej danego zjawiska. Horyzont światopoglądowy (Weltanschauung), oceniając granice między prawdą a fałszywą redukcją treści wiadomości w zakresie kultywacji polityki emocjonalnej, ma na celu odnalezienie możliwości transformacyjnej oceny nowej „bazy danych”, aby uwierzyć i podobnie pokazać metodę post-prawdy, która przyjmuje istnienie jednej irracjonalnej metody w społeczeństwie. Stąd w niniejszej pracy Autor zastanawia się, czy zjawisko post-prawdy jest wiarygodną i systematyczną propozycją krytyczną na uzasadnienie norm społecznych. Czy stosowanie warunków tejże post-prawdy pozwala na bezbłędność w podejmowaniu decyzji w różnorodnych sytuacjach moralnych? W tych badaniach celem jest przeanalizowanie wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego oblicza zjawisk post-prawdy, ich podróbki oraz aktów symulowania prawdy.

RU

Целью данного эссе является, прежде всего, деконструкция роли критического мышления в современной идее пост-правды путем изучения различных явлений, связанных с данным явлением. Мировоззренческий горизонт (Weltanschauung), оценивая границы между правдой и ложным сокращением содержания сообщений в области культивирования эмоциональной политики, направлен на то, чтобы найти возможность трансформационной оценки новой «базы данных», чтобы поверить и аналогичным образом показать метод пост-правды, который принимает существование одного иррационального метода. в обществе. Поэтому в этой статье автор занимается вопросом: является ли феномен пост-правды надежным и систематическим критическим предложением для обоснования социальных норм? Позволяет ли применение условий этой пост-правды безошибочно принимать решения в различных моральных ситуациях? В этих исследованиях цель состоит в том, чтобы проанализировать внутреннее и внешнее лицо явлений пост-правды, их подделок и актов симуляции истины.

15

Plotki, dezinformacje i złośliwe informacje we współczesnym dyskursie o prawach człowieka

45%

Demczuk A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2022

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vol. 20

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issue 3

18-35

EN

The contemporary discourse on human rights is a discourse in which its participants are using the language of polarization, exclusion and stigmatization towards various social groups, e.g. Ukrainians, women, migrants, refugees, LGBT. The inalienable and universal nature of human rights is being questioned as well as an equality before the law. In political communication, the language of discrediting political opponents is increasingly used, as well as the rhetoric of fear, aversion and hostility towards "strangers" is used. This is because the contemporary public discourse on human rights is increasingly infected with mis(dis)information and malicious information and its participants – from Kremlin propagandists to national agents of influence – use the manipulative infrastructure of social media.

PL

Współczesny dyskurs o prawach człowieka to dyskurs, w którym jego uczestnicy coraz częściej posługują się językiem polaryzacji, wykluczenia i stygmatyzacji wobec różnych grup społecznych, np.: Ukraińców, kobiet, migrantów, uchodźców, osób LGBT+. Podważana jest niezbywalność i powszechność praw człowieka, kwestionowana jest równość wobec prawa. W komunikacji politycznej używany jest coraz częściej język dyskredytacji oponentów politycznych, stosowana jest retoryka strachu, niechęci i wrogości wobec „obcych”. Dzieje się tak dlatego, iż dyskurs o prawach człowieka coraz skuteczniej jest infekowany mylnymi informacjami, dezinformacjami i złośliwymi informacjami, a jego uczestnicy – od propagandystów kremlowskich po krajowych agentów wpływu – wykorzystują manipulacyjną infrastrukturę mediów społecznościowych.

16

False flag operation in context of conspiracy theory as a myth which legitimizes actions of ruling class

45%

Murawska S.

Prace Etnograficzne

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2013

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vol. 41

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issue 4

329–334

EN

The main aim of the text is to discuss a conception of conspiracy theory as narration which draw a parallel with gossip and urban legend as far as its features and functions are concerned. The author chooses the example of the false flag operation which concerns September 11 attacks and describes it as a unique category of myth which legitimizes actions taken by – for instance – the ruling class. The author builds her conceptual frame on the Malinowski’s theory of myth and its function – she tries to prove that it can be still valid in contemporary anthropology.

Refine search results

Układy, znajomości, „haki” Paranoja spiskowa w polskim kinie współczesnym

The Spoiled Drama of Emancipation: Conflicting Narratives

Koroonaviiruse SARS-CoV-2 algusfaasi vastukaja (sotsiaal)meedias

Media Exposure to Conspiracy vs. Anti-conspiracy Information. Effects on the Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine

Book review: Marc-William Palen, The ‘Conspiracy’ of Free Trade: The Anglo-American Struggle Over Empire and Economic Globalisation, 1846-1896, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2016

Psychologiczne źródła teorii spiskowych

Witkacy and Conspiracy Theories

Is Covid-19 an “Ordinary Flu” that Benefits Politicians? Perception of Pandemic Disinformation in Latvia

Zaprzeczenie jako forma oswajania sytuacji kryzysowej . Teorie spiskowe wokół pandemii wywołanej koronawirusem wśród społeczności internetowych

Izolacja i komunikacja. Rodzaje izolacji i towarzyszące im deficyty komunikacyjne

The Year of Enduring COVID-19: Typology of Attitudes Displayed by Health Care Professionals in Ukraine

Conspiratio maligna w naczyniu, czyli globalne teorie spiskowe a sceptycyzm

Superroznosiciele wątpliwości. Sceptycyzm i teorie spiskowe w dobie koronawirusa

Critical Thinking in the “Post-Truth” Era

Plotki, dezinformacje i złośliwe informacje we współczesnym dyskursie o prawach człowieka

False flag operation in context of conspiracy theory as a myth which legitimizes actions of ruling class