Search results - CEJSH

1

Ewolucja doktryny „konstytucjonalizmu radzieckiego” 1918–1991

100%

Bosiacki A.

Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi

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2010

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vol. 32

243-260

EN

The paper presents basic assumptions of the constitutions of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, adopted during the existence of this state in the years 1917–1991. On the basis of fundamental ideas of the constitutions the author draws a picture of the so-called Soviet constitutionalism under volatile conditions arising from the pure revolutionary declared state to more classical form of political and legal system presented in the constitutional shape. The article concerns specific features of the Soviet constitutionalism, distinguishing it from regular constitutional models. To a lesser extent the paper concerns the difference between theory and practice of the “first state of workers and peasants” and the first “utopia in power”, as the Soviet state was described by the scholars of the field. In particular, the author emphasized evolution of legal nihilism, utopism, or a rule of exclusion of rights of certain citizens’ cathegories, imposed in the first Soviet constitution, and abolished, de iure, in 1936. On the other hand, however, the paper stressed the continuity of such issues as specific structure of the power of state, the common necessity of labour, or the legal possibility of dismissing the „parliamentary” representatives at any time. Also, the author underlines the question that, apart from the needs and the concept of the totality of power, the so-called Soviet constitutionalism was not able to create a new system of performance the power, and after collapse of the USSR, from the constitutional perspective it was rejected by enacting the new constitution, what happened in the former Soviet Union and in the countries of a similar political order.

2

Ocena konkordatu w dwadzieścia lat po jego podpisaniu

100%

Suchocka H.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 3(29)

371-380

EN

The article aims to evaluate the Polish concordat twenty years after its enactment. Author reconsiders the fact that at the same time two important discussions were held in Poland – one devoted to concordat and another to the constitution – and claims that they influenced each other. It is important to remember that the legal solutions adopted in the concordat (ratified only in 1998) contributed towards the final shape of the constitutional relations between state and the Church. Therefore the proper assessment of the Polish concordat should be conducted in light of the current constitution.

3

Opinia prawna w sprawie ustawy z 22 grudnia 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy o Trybunale Konstytucyjnym

100%

Karczmarek A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2016

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issue 1(49)

83-99

EN

Provisions of the Act does not infringe the principle of independence of judges of the Constitutional Tribunal and the individual’s right to have his/her case heard without undue delay. Adoption of the solution according to which the Tribunal decides, as a rule, by a full bench is also consistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. However, the finding that there have indeed been grounds for immediate entry into force of the amendment of the Constitutional Tribunal Act of 22 December 2015., is not obvious. Therefore, the arguments justifying the departure from the introduction of the period of vacatio legis should be clarified in the explanatory memorandum of the Act. In the author’s view, a provision requiring a qualified (2/3) majority for the Tribunal to adjudicate can be considered not to comply with Article 190 para. 5 of the Constitution. The legislature should consider, with a view to the future law, clarifying the content of the concept of particularly glaring cases used in Article 31a para. 1 of the Act. Worth considering is also the change in the order in which motions are heard, as referred to in Article 80 of the Act.

4

Zakres i treść Konstytucji RP z 1997 r.

100%

Szmyt A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2012

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issue 4(36)

229-234

EN

The author of the article argues that constitutions are written in a well-thought-out manner, in view of the scope of matters to be considered, their subjective content, particular sequence and internal composition. Constitutional issues mostly reflect general experiences of a number of countries, but also unique solutions of the country’s own historical experience. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 is an act founded, in principle, on liberal-democratic philosophy which takes into account experiences from systemic transformation since 1989, and reflecting political and axiological compromises made during the preparation thereof. In the conclusion, the author finds, above all, that the Constitution meets the current standards of European constitutional law. Apart from some deficiencies mentioned in the article, the author does not find need for any considerable modification or supplement, unless a substantial change is to be made in the philosophy of political system on which it is framed.

5

Opinia prawna na temat referendum lokalnego

100%

Mordwiłko J.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2013

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issue 4(40)

85-88

EN

In response to the questions posed, the author reminds us that from the constitutional principle of universal suffrage, specifying one of the fundamental principles of electoral law, there follows an obligation to organize, inter alia, a referendum in such a way that the highest possible number of eligible voters can participate. According to the author, it is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of what would be the impact of failure to create the so‑called separate polling districts, since the literal wording of the legal provisions does not resolve numerous problems raised in the request for opinion. In the absence of statutory requirement (Article 54 of the Act on Local Referendum) for creation of separate district in respect of local referenda, it is doubtful – in the author’s view – that legality of referendums will be challenged by courts.

6

Opinia prawna dotycząca odrębnych obwodów głosowania podczas referendum lokalnego

100%

Skotnicki K.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2013

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issue 4(40)

89-95

EN

In response to the questions posed, the author argues that the Act on Local Referendum does not establish an obligation to create separate polling districts during a local referendum and, therefore, also during a referendum on the recall of the executive body of the municipality. The lack of possibility to vote due to the stay in hospital, penal institution etc. can, according to the author, involve violation of the Constitution. The author points out that the law does not provide for any sanction for failure to create all polling stations required by law, and there is only the possibility for submitting a complaint to the electoral commissioner or lodging electoral protest with the regional court. A view is presented that invalidity of the result of referendum due to the failure to create separate polling districts occurs when this could have exerted considerable influence on the result of the referendum, i.e. change its consequences. The author concludes that there are no direct sanctions for failing to announce the resolution of the municipal council concerning the creation of polling districts in the provincial gazette, and the place of posting of the resolution in order to make it public is not specified by law.

7

Konstytucyjne prawo do wypoczynku

100%

Wiącek-Burmańczuk A.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2017

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issue 5(142)

109–123

EN

The article provides an analysis of the right to rest guaranteed in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The constitution is laconic on the issue, mentioning only its constituent parts, including the right to statutorily specifi ed days free from work, the right to paid annual leave and the standard working time. As far as working time is concerned, the constitution obliges the legislator to set its maximum amounts. This provision gives the legislator great discretion which can seriously jeopardize the interests of employees. The author analyzes the constitutional provisions and implementation of constitutional guarantees at the level of ordinary legislation, referring to the case law of the Constitutional Tribunal. She examines the impact of the constitutional approach to the right to rest on the activities of the ordinary legislator and attempts to assess some of the regulations in terms of their constitutionality.

8

Aksjologiczny wymiar Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

85%

Malinowska E.

Stylistyka

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2018

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vol. 27

23-32

EN

This paper is an attempt to show the axiological dimension of the currently binding basic law, i.e. the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. The text of the constitution is a carrier of the values important to Poles, and it is predisposed to this by its specific content, a superior position in the hierarchy of normative acts and a high social authority. The information about the most important values is already provided by the constitutional introduction (preamble) – it includes the most important values of the entire community of the state expressis verbis. In terms of values, the author tries to read and interpret the general principles of the constitution (the constitutional principles of law) and the chapter on the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens. The basic principles of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland are: the principle of a democratic state ruled by law and the tripartite separation of powers, and the priority value is man, his freedom and dignity, as well as the common good of all citizens. These values result from the adopted concept of a democratic state of law.

9

Rola Komisji Weneckiej w procesie przygotowania konstytucji przez państwa Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej

85%

Markert T.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2018

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vol. 80

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issue 1

7-11

EN

*

10

Postulowane zmiany Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w dobie europeizacji

80%

Żak J.

Prawo

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2015

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issue 317

161 - 177

EN

Consequences of the link between national legal systems and the EU system, inter alia changes of parliament’s competences, expanded scope of parliamentary control, increase in executive’s importance within the EU area, decentralization within the scope of conducting foreign policy reveals the potential direction of constitutional amendments. The phenomenon of Europeanization, which may be defined as a process of intertwining of EU regulations and national constitutional regulations having source in constitutional norms authorizing the transfer of certain competences of public authorities to the EU and the constitutional obligation to observe international law in such a way that the EU regulations (within the scope of transferred competences) determine the amendments to the national constitutional norms” concerns also the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. These considerations aim to identify the most common and modern tendencies in this regard including the shape of national constitutional regulations. Proposed amendments to the Constitution of Poland regarding membership in the EU are evaluated with regards to the actual needs of Polish legal system. In conclusion I admitted that they are strongly justified but not indispensable. Their “programme” function is prevailing over others and at the same time determines the whole legal system that adopts EU models almost automatically.

11

ŻYCIE LUDZKIE JAKO PRZEDMIOT OCHRONY PRZEPISÓW PRAWA ZE SZCZEGÓLNYM UWZGLĘDNIENIEM MOMENTU OBJĘCIA OCHRONĄ

80%

Borkowska K.

Security, Economy & Law

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2018

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issue 1/2018 (XVIII)

EN

Human life has the highest possible value and is particular interest to various branches of law. It allows the unit to use other civil rights and civic freedom. In this article authoress analyses the level of the protection of human life through the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and regulations of the international law with emphasis on the issue of the beginning of the legal protection of human life. In order to thoroughly analyse the legal regulations the authoress uses numerous examples of the case-law. The research purpose of the article is to show the complexity of the problem of the beginning of the legal protection of human life and the lack of the conclusive verdict of the supranational jurisdictional bodies in this matter.

12

Legal dispute over the constitutionality of polish regulations and their effects after the amendment of he provision on reaching the retirement age by the judges of the polish supreme court

80%

Świątkowski A. M.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 3

185-196

EN

The Constitution of the Republic of Poland clearly states in article 180 (1) that “Judges are irremovable”. Irremovability, next to independence, is a guarantee of impartiality of courts, defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland as “a separate authority, independent of other authorities” (Article 173). The previous Act on the Supreme Court of 23 November 2002 also established the rule of retirement of a judge after reaching 70 years of age. On 4 July 2018, the Act of 8 December 2017 on the Supreme Court came into force. It lowers by five years the age at which judges of the Supreme Court retire (leave service) (Article 37 § 1). The age after reaching which there occurs an automatic - at the will of the legislature - change in the status of the judge from active status to the state of non-performance of duties may be legitimately called a “retirement age”. The executive and political power again obtained legally accepted influence on the selection of judges. This scenario is again being implemented by the currently ruling political party and state authorities, legislative and executive

13

Wybory czasowników dyrektywalnych oraz ich wpływ na ekwiwalencję merytoryczną i tekstowo-normatywną w tłumaczeniach wybranych przepisów konstytucyjnych

80%

Iluk J., Iluk Ł.

Applied Linguistics Papers

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2019

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issue 26/1

85-97

EN

The paper treats of legal (normative) pronouncements and their translations dealing with human rights and freedoms from three different countries. The texts chosen for this purpose were fragments of The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation. The Original texts (in Polish and German respectively) were compared with their translations into German (two translated versions) and Polish (three translated versions of the German text and one translated version of the Swiss text). The evaluation of the translation solutions is preceded by a characterization of constitutional provisions and the grammatical means used to describe rights guaranteed to the recipients of the legal norm in the original texts. The main focus of the analysis was the use of verbs defining the mandated behavior of the norm addressee. The analysis allowed to ascertain that translations often mainly infract the text-normative equivalence beside the substantive equivalence. Such inconsistencies can lead to misinterpretation of the legal effect of the translated provisions. Therefore, translating constitutional texts requires a detailed juxtaposition of the grammatical means typical for similar the target legal system.

14

Zasady wycinki drzew przydrożnych - Uwagi na tle wniosku Prezesa NIK do TK

80%

Łyszkowski M.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2017

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vol. 62

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issue 4 (375)

33-48

EN

Due to the loss of legal validity of the regulation, the Constitutional Tribunal discontinued the proceedings on the motion by the President of the Supreme Audit Office to examine the compliance – with Article 2, Article 5 and Article 31 (3) of the Constitution of Poland – of Article 83 (3) of the Act of 16th April 2004 on nature protection in the scope in which the consent to fell a roadside tree depended on replacing it with other trees or bushes, with the number of the latter being not lower that the number of felling trees. According to the President of NIK, this regulation contravened the following constitutional principles: sufficient definition of the law stemming from the principle of a democratic state of law; sustainable development; proportion. Taking into account the concern of the President of NIK for the life and health of road users and the state authorities’ obligation to provide protection of the environment, in the situation when subsequent amendments to the Act on nature protection did not solve the issue of roadside trees, the author presents the charges included in the motion to the Constitutional Tribunal, and he attempts to assess their legitimacy.

15

Planowanie i zagospodarowanie przestrzenne w gminie a wartości konstytucyjne

80%

Chorążewska A., Jagoda J.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

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vol. 10

43-75

EN

The aim of the object study is to ponder the influence of constitutional principles implementation, particularly the necessity to protect the values formulated in article 31 section 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, on the final form of provisions of the local land development plan. The arguments lead the authors of the study to state that in the planning act the district planner is authorised to accept solutions which are highly harmful to the legal interest of the owner of land property even by establishing a building interdiction, but it should occur in accordance with constitutional principles of restricting constitutional liberties and rights formulated in article 31 section 3 of the fundamental statute.

16

Kilka uwag o ruchu konstytucyjnym w Afganistanie

80%

Kłagisz M. M.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2017

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issue 3-4 (263-264)

277-289

EN

The constitutional movement in Afghanistan differed from its Turkish or Iranian counterparts due to some historical features of the local political scene. Being a (semi-)tribal monarchy, Afghanistan firstly had to rebuild its political structure in order to become an absolute monarchy, before entering a new stage of development-—a constitutional system. At the beginning, Abdurrahman-khan tried to consolidate his power and political position. Later, a few reformists represented by Mahmud Tarzi tried to implement modern concepts to change the political, social and economic status quo. In this article, some aspects of their efforts are discussed with particular reference to Abdurrahman-khanʼs biography (Taj-ot-tawarikh) and Mahmud Tarziʼs manifesto (Aya che bayad kard).

17

On the essence of democracy and the election system

80%

Szonert Z.

Law and Administration in Post-Soviet Europe

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2015

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vol. 2

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issue 1

51-63

18

The disputes of the First Republic in Colombia (1810—1816) The centralist interpretation of the independence proces in United Provinces of Granada.

80%

Zuluaga Gil R.

Z Dziejów Prawa

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2013

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vol. 6(14)

83-92

DE

Der Artikel betrifft ein in der Geschichte des Konstitutionalismus kaum erforschtes Thema. Man schildert den Prozess der Entstehung und des Untergangs von der sog. Ersten Republik in den Jahren 1810—1816. Der Verfasser betont die Bedeutung des für damaligen Zeitraum kennzeichnenden Föderationsgeistes und erläutert den durch die traditionelle Historiografie hervorgehobenen nationalen Ausmaß und den Vereinigungsausmaß des Prozesses.

XX

Autor artykułu analizuje jedną z najmniej zbadanych kwestii w historii ustroju Kolumbii, mianowicie proces tworzenia i upadku tzw. Pierwszej Republiki w latach 1810—1816. Podkreśla znaczenie ducha federacji, charakterystycznego dla tych przemian, i demistyfikuje twierdzenia tradycyjnej historiografii o ściśle narodowym i unitarnym podłożu tego procesu.

19

Nowoczesne standardy wymiaru sprawiedliwości

80%

Kluz P., Lech M.

Journal of Modern Science

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2015

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issue 2(25)

289-296

EN

In the European legal culture evolved into a model of justice. Th is model refl ects a legal tradition derived from Roman law and Canon law. It was based on the so-called principles, which include: openness of procedures, impartiality, discretion, professionalism and openness of procedures and the same proceedings. Th ereby, it aspire to objectifi cation procedural steps, while judges detach from judgments or decisions. Th ese standards have been saved in a number of acts of international law and in the constitutions of the various states, including the Constitution of Polish Republic. Modern judicial system provides advanced and equal access for all people not only to courts and tribunals but also to a just and public assessment of the case by a proper, independent and impartial court. In other words, it is one of the most fundamental human rights.

PL

W europejskiej kulturze prawnej wykształcił się pewien model wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Jest on odzwierciedleniem tradycji prawnej, wyrosłej na gruncie prawa rzymskiego i prawa kanonicznego. Został oparty na tak zwanych zasadach, do których zalicza się: jawność postepowania, bezstronność, dyskrecja, profesjonalizm oraz jawność procedur i samych postępowań. Przestrzeganie tych zasad ma na celu dążność do obiektywizacji czynności procesowych i oderwanie sędziów od subiektywnych ocen czy decyzji. Standardy te zostały zapisane w wielu aktach prawa międzynarodowego, a także w konstytucjach poszczególnych państw, w tym w Konstytucji RP. Nowoczesny wymiar sprawiedliwości zapewnia na wyższym poziomie równy dostęp wszystkich ludzi do sądów i trybunałów oraz do sprawiedliwego i publicznego rozpatrzenia sprawy przez właściwy, niezależny i bezstronny sąd. Jest to jednocześnie jedno z najbardziej fundamentalnych praw człowieka.

20

The Political System of the Republic of Turkey, Past and Present

80%

Marszałek-Kawa J., Burak A.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2018

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issue 3

95-108

EN

The first constitution of the Ottoman-Turkish Empire was adopted in 1876 – the Kânûn-ı Esâsî (Eng. Fundamental Law). In its history, Turkey has had four constitutions. They were adopted in 1921, 1924, 1961, and 1982, with the latter being presently in force. Nowadays, the creation of a new constitution is the main issue on Turkey’s political agenda. The government of Turkey and Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan want to amend the constitution, and envisage creating an executive presidential system (Tur. Başkanlık sistemi), similar to that of the Russian Federation and the United States. Critics are concerned about what Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s motivation may be. This article analyzes the historical roots of the constitution, its amendments, the presidential system in Turkey and the arguments of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) against the adoption of a presidential system. The key issues that the authors address are the changes that could be made under Turkey’s new constitution and whether all political power would be concentrated in president’s hands.

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