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Constructed Languages of Hildegard of Bingen and Suzzette Haden Elgin. Female Empowerment through Language?

100%
Skowrońska D.
Forum Filologiczne Ateneum
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2018
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vol. 6
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issue 1
101-112
EN
Since constructed languages have recently been brought into focus by their prominent presence in film and television production, they have also become more attractive for academic research: several compendia, monographs, and articles have been published on the topic of classification and analysis of conlangs. Glossopoeia of Hildegard of Bingen and Suzette Haden Elgin is unique among the plethora of constructed languages in several aspects: elusive classification, unusual lexical focus, high level of completeness, and female authorship. The article investigates possible classifications of lingua ignota and Láadan, and their grammatical, lexical, and phonological characteristics. It also aims to establish the success of the languages measured against their goal stated or implied by their inventresses and the objectives generally set for constructed languages.
2
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Grušův Mimner a jazyk paradoxu

80%
Jelínek J.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 4
550-567
EN
This study focuses on the prose work of Jiří Gruša Mimner aneb Hra o smrďocha (Atmar tin Kalpadotia) (Mimner or Play about a Stinker). It is based on an interpretation of an imaginary ''Calpadotia'' as a ''state of mind'', and attention is focused in particular on ''Calpadotian'', the fictitious language of the totalitarian society, and especially the steps whereby the gradual adoption of the rules of this language play a role in the disintegration of the protagonist's personality. The key to understanding the role of the fictitious language in the novella is found in the unusual way in which Calpadotian structures reality, both with its more subtle differentiation of individual concepts and in particular with its polysemy. This indicates how the usage of the same term for phenomena that Western readers do not consider to be associated helps to characterize Calpadotian society, which gradually assimilates the chief protagonist, as alien and incomprehensible to the point of absurdity. At the same time it works with the idea that such emphasis on the role of language opens up more general questions on its extraordinary nature. The study also compares polysemy in Calpadotian with polysemy in totalitarian Newspeaks and in natural languages, taking into account their literary usage. In polysemy and the association of the apparently inassociable the study seeks the source of the unease which the prose evokes, as well as the source of the paradox and the alienation which makes it a manifestation of artistic resistance to a dystopian society.
CS
Studie se věnuje próze Jiřího Gruši Mimner aneb Hra o smrďocha (Atmar tin Kalpadotia). Vychází z interpretace smyšlené Kalpadocie jako „stavu duše“ a obzvláštní pozornost věnuje kalpadočtině, fiktivnímu jazyku totalitní společnosti, zejména pak postupům, kterými se postupné přijímání pravidel tohoto jazyka podílí na rozkladu hrdinovy osobnosti. Klíč k porozumění úloze fiktivního jazyka v novele pak nachází v neobvyklosti, se kterou kalpadočtina strukturuje skutečnost – a to pak jak jemnějším rozvrstvením jednotlivých pojmů, tak zejména polysémií. Ukazuje, jak využívání stejného termínu pro jevy pro západního čtenáře nesouvisející, napomáhá charakterizaci kalpadocké společnosti, kterou je hlavní postava postupně asimilována, jako cizí, nepochopitelné až absurdní; zároveň pracuje s myšlenkou, že taková zdůrazňování role jazyka otevírá obecnější otázky jeho nesamozřejmosti. Studie dále srovnává polysémii v kalpadočtině s polysémií v totalitních novořečech a v přirozených jazycích, s přihlédnutím k jejich literárnímu využití. V polysémantičnosti a spojování zdánlivě nespojitelného pak studie hledá zdroj tísně, kterou próza vyvolává, zároveň však i zdroj paradoxu a ozvláštnění, který z ní činí projev uměleckého vzdoru vůči dystopické společnosti.
3

Me nem nesa: Investigating the reception of constructed languages in different age groups

80%
Gajek M.
Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching
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2018
|
issue 15/1
31-47
EN
The concept of artificially created languages is not new, but, owing to pop culture, it has recently received more attention. Constructed languages, or conlangs, are present in books, movies and video games, aimed at recipients of all ages. Contrary to natural languages, which emerged without conscious planning, constructed languages are designed to serve a certain purpose. There are many motives triggering the creation of new languages, from linguistic experiments and language games to making communication easier. However, the most common reason behind the emergence of artificial languages during the last twenty years appears to be the enrichment of the world they belong to. Interestingly, the response of the audience varies depending on age. The aim of this paper is to examine samples of constructed languages present in recent pop culture and the effects they have on both their respective target groups and the rest of the audience.
XX
Zjawisko sztucznie tworzonych języków nie jest nowe, ale dzięki popkulturze cieszy się ostatnio większą uwagą. Języki sztuczne, znane pod nazwą conlang, są obecne w książkach, filmach oraz grach wideo skierowanych zarówno do młodych, jak i dojrzałych odbiorców. W przeciwieństwie do języków naturalnych, które powstały bez świadomego planowania, języki sztuczne zostały zaprojektowane przez autorów aby spełnić określony cel. Istnieje wiele motywów powodujących powstawanie nowych języków, od eksperymentów i gier językowych po ułatwianie komunikacji. Jednak najczęstszym powodem tworzenia sztucznych języków w ciągu ostatnich dwudziestu lat wydaje się być wzbogacenie świata, w którym występują. Interesujące jest to, że reakcja publiczności różni się zależności od wieku. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest zbadanie przykładów języków sztucznych obecnych w najnowszej popkulturze i reakcji zarówno docelowej grupy widzów, jak i pozostałych odbiorców.
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