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EN
In the article the author attempts to present the system approach towards sustainable consumption. The systemic analysis were carried out in relation to the idea of sustainable development and ecological crisis with the emphasis put on its reasons. The attention was drawn to properties, functions and a structure of the systems in question. The author outlined the issues related to the conception of needs and the needs generation mechanisms both in real and virtual worlds. Furthermore, he pointed out the consequences related to different ways of the consumption issues understanding and a risk for a human being arising due to the approach. Subsequently, the decision process was discussed in relation to the above mention problems and heed was paid to optimization procedures and responsibilities for the taken decisions. In this context the author discussed the moderation and economy.
EN
Slava Mogutin’s Declaration o f Independence is a drastic evidence of permanent cultural crisis. It is a diagnostic and prognostic text at the same time, because it indicates the ways of getting out of the spiritual emptiness - a typical sign of modern civilizations. Total consumptionism fights everything that gets into its way, neutralizes human protest against the destruction of tradition and universal values.
EN
The main topic of the paper is housing, understood as social and cultural creation. We can observe the most important social processes of an individual there: individualization, consumption and identity creation. The article mainly discusses the threads of past and memory in the private space. Research was based on the analysis of two lifestyle magazines dedicated to interiors arrangements. The analysis mainly focuses on the problem which the author describes as “aesthetic apartment” − middle class’ representatives private space created with reflexivity, awareness and attentiveness.
EN
The characteristic discriminant of contemporary societies, particularly in economically developed countries, is, on the one hand, the expansion of consumerism in various spheres of economic and social life, while on the other hand, it is the attempt to restrict excessive consumption. The principal aim of this paper is the description of the chosen changes in consumption in contemporary society and their economic consequences. The author searches for answers to the following question: What orientations mark out the behaviour of consumers in the market? In the search for answers to this question, the orientation towards excessive consumption that is stimulated by the ideology of consumerism and deconsumption as a protest against consumerism have been placed under analysis. In analysing the ideology of consumerism, the main styles of consumerism have been indicated as follows: consumption of pleasures, compulsive consumption and symbolic consumption. In contrast to the behaviour associated with over-consumption, the behaviour in pursuit of the restriction of the consumption of goods indirectly connected with actual needs has been described, namely sustainable consumption and anti-consumption, as well as the voluntary simplicity movement in consumption.
PL
W zachowaniach współczesnych konsumentów wyróżnić można dwa, stojące w opozycji wobec siebie, trendy. Z jednej strony widoczny jest ogólnie panujący konsumpcjonizm, a więc nadmierne przywiązywanie wagi do posiadania dóbr materialnych, z drugiej zaś rosnąca świadomość, że coraz ważniejszym aspektem konsumpcji staje się etyka. W artykule scharakteryzowano oba trendy, a ponadto zwrócono uwagę na ideę zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Przedmiotem rozważań są więc dwa skrajne oblicza współczesnej konsumpcji – konsumpcja nadmierna, niezrównoważona, prowadzącą do nieodwracalnych szkód w środowisku i społeczeństwie, oraz konsumpcja trwała i zrównoważona, prowadząca do poprawy jakości życia obecnych i przyszłych pokoleń.
EN
In the contemporary consumers’ behaviour, one may distinguish the two, opposing each other, trends. On the one hand, there can be seen generally prevailing consumptionism, hence, an excessive attachment of importance to possession of material goods and, on the other hand, the growing awareness that the more and more important aspect of consumption becomes ethics. In the article, there are characterised both trends and, additionally, the author pays attention to the idea of sustainable consumption. The subject of considerations are, therefore, two extreme faces of the contemporary consumption – excessive consumption, unsustainable one, leading to irreversible harms to the environment and society, and the stable and sustainable consumption, leading to improvement of the quality of life of the present and future generations.
EN
Sociologists have become interested in medicaments only recently, as a result of the dynamic growth in pharmaceutical consumption at the beginning of the 21st century. The development of concepts such as pharmaceuticalization and lifestyle drugs has facilitated research in this area. Based on a narrative literature review, in this article we highlight the distinguishing features of pharmaceuticals and differentiate them from other consumer goods. Factors which have increased the consumption of medicaments are discussed. The special attention is put to the consumerism and consumptionism factors because they can be very interesting to sociologists. We show how consumerism develops (activities occurring for the benefit of patients and defending their interests in relation to medicaments). We also attempt to indicate manifestations of consumptionism and anti-consumptionism in the domain of medicament. 
PL
Socjologowie jeszcze do niedawna nie interesowali się lekami i dopiero dynamiczny wzrost konsumpcji farmaceutyków na początku XXI wieku spowodował rozwój badań w tym obszarze. Skonceptualizowano wtedy takie pojęcia, jak: farmaceutykalizacja i leki lifestylowe, co znacznie ułatwiło eksplorację związanych z tą problematyką zagadnień. W poniższym artykule, opartym na narracyjnym przeglądzie literatury, ukazujemy cechy wyróżniające, specyfikę towaru konsumpcyjnego, jakim jest lek. Prezentujemy czynniki przyczyniające się do wzrostu spożycia farmaceutyków, w tym szczególna uwaga jest poświęcona konsumeryzmowi i konsumpcjonizmowi, bowiem one mogą być wyjątkowo interesujące dla socjologów. Pokazujemy jak rozwija się konsumeryzm (rozumiany jako aktywność podejmowana na rzecz pacjentów, obrony ich interesów związanych z lekami). Wskazujemy także przejawy konsumpcjonizmu i antykonsumpcjonizmu w odniesieniu do farmaceutyków. 
PL
Analiza badań CBOS z 2013 roku ukazuje, że szczęście rodzinne zajmuje pierwsze miejsce wśród wartości, jakimi Polacy kierują się w życiu. Deklaracje te jednak nie przekładają się na życie rodzinne. Celem pracy było ukazanie związków pomiędzy bezdzietnością z wyboru, a zachowaniami konsumpcyjnego stylu życia wśród mieszkańców wsi i miast. Badania przeprowadzono wśród 120 studentów Budownictwa, Rolnictwa, Socjologii i Zdrowia Publicznego, wykorzystując metodę sondażu diagnostycznego w ramach której zastosowano autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki autorek dotyczące aktualnie najważniejszej wartości w życiu respondentów są zbliżone do wyników badań wśród opinii społecznej. Zdecydowana większość ogółu respondentów widzi siebie w roli rodzica w wieku 26-30 lat, jednak znaczny odsetek studentów pojawienie się dziecka w ich życiu w obecnej chwili postrzega jako zagrożenie prokreacyjne. Opinia studentów pokrywa się z najczęstszą obecnie przyczyną bezdzietności z wyboru, czyli rodzicielstwem odraczanym.
EN
The analysis of the CBOS (Public Opinion Research Centre) carried out in 2013 shows that family happiness ranks first among the values which the Poles consider as one guiding their lives. These declarations, however, do not translate into family life. The aim of this study was to show the relationships between the childlessness by choice and consumer lifestyle behaviors among residents of villages and cities. The study was conducted among 120 students of Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Sociology and Public Health, using the method of diagnostic survey in which the author of the study applied a questionnaire. The results obtained by the authors on the currently most important values in the respondents’ lives are similar to the results of surveys of public opinion. The vast majority of the respondents see themselves in the role of a parent at the age of 26-30 years, but a significant proportion of students consider having a child in their life at the moment as a threat to fertility. The opinion of students coincides with the currently most common cause of childlessness by choice, or the so called delayed parenting.
EN
We live in a society and culture of consumption. What are the characteristics of this culture? What has contributed to its formation? In what way does it influence people? These are the main questions tried to be answered in the article Culture of consumption. The culture of consumption is the culture of ordinariness. It lures and attracts crowds in many ways. It is light, simple, pleasant and a little bit infantile. It does not demand any effort, absorbtion or preparation. The aim of the culture of consumption is buying, using and dispensing goods that satiate people’s wishes. The culture of consumption advocates material and hedonistic values. The culture of ordinariness is subject to the rule of the market. It is not the producer who imposes products but the consumer who decides through his individual choices, on the producer’s success. Such culture creates changes in social life. Social inequalities and identity problems occur. An individual is alone in its consumption and is deprived of durable social bond. Consumption determines the place in a social structure, it defines group identities and it creates the sense of self value. The culture of consumption forms a man and a man expresses his needs and wishes in this culture.
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