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Проблемы сопоставительного синтаксиса славянских языков

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Yur'yevna Ivanova Y.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
|
2017
|
vol. 165
147-156
EN
The paper dwells on some issues related to the work on contrastive survey of syntax in the Slavic languages. Firstly, it emphasises the importance of the properly chosen semantic basis for a contrastive analysis, taking into account the noticeable syntactic bias of modern syntactic studies. Secondly, the paper analyses the importance of syntactic differences between Slavic languages arising from the presence/absence of the so called da construction in the grammatical system of a language. This difference is perceptible in a number of essential segments of the syntactic system, mainly those associated with the semantic areas of irreality/non-factuality. In the area of hypotheticality, an obvious affinity is apparent between da constructions and conditional forms. Through the example of hypothetical relative clauses in Bulgarian and Russian it is shown that the said forms in these two languages occur under similar conditions.
RU
В статията се разглеждат редица проблеми на съпоставителния синтаксис на славянски­те езици. Подчертава се – първо – значимостта на избора на семантичната база за съпоста­вителен анализ, защото съвременната синтактична наука се отличава с по-особено внимание към семантиката. Второ, дълбочината на синтактичните разлики между славянските езици е в голяма сте­пен свързана с това, дали в граматичната структура на езика е представена тъй наречената да-конструкция. Разликата между езиците по този параметр се открива в различни фрагменти на синтактичната система, предимно свързани със зоните на иреалност/нефактивност. В зона­та на хипотетичността има доста прилики между да-конструкцията и кондиционала, напри­мер съпоставка между българскитe да-конструкции и руския кондиционал в хипотетичните определителни изречения показва близките условия за реализация на дадени форми.
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Kontrastywne badanie właściwości semantyczno-składniowych czasowników w perspektywie leksykograficznej

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Kiklewicz A., Korytkowska M.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2017
|
vol. 14
EN
The authors present several assumptions and problems arising from the implementation of the research project, the subject of which is the comparative analysis of grammatical explicative patterns of propositional structures encoded in the meaning of verbs which belong to the two classes: verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi in the contemporary Slavonic languages: Bulgarian, Polish and Russian. Based on the theory of syntax by Stanislaw Karolak (1984; 2002), the authors have created integrated syntactic dictionaries of verbs of these classes in the three languages as a foundation of their contrastive research. The article presents the main problems dealt with the research project which pertain to the phenomenon of polysemy from the syntactic perspective, the segmentation of dictionary entries, the syntactic interpretation of internal temporality, the realization of diathesis, as well as the admissibility of various degrees of the compression of propositional argument.
PL
Autorzy przedstawiają założenia i problemy wynikające z realizacji projektu badawczego, którego przedmiotem jest porównawcza analiza gramatycznych schematów eksplikacji struktur propozycjonalnych, zakodowanych w znaczeniu czasowników mentalnych i sentymentalnych współczesnego języka bułgarskiego, polskiego i rosyjskiego. Opierając się na teorii składniowej autorstwa Stanisława Karolaka (1984; 2002), autorzy wytworzyli zintegrowane słowniki syntaktyczne czasowników danych klas w trzech językach, co stanowi bazę ich badania kontrastywnego. W artykule wskazano najważniejsze problemy rozwiązywane w projekcie badawczym – dotyczą one opisu zjawiska polisemii w perspektywie składniowej, segmentacji hasła słownikowego, składniowej interpretacji temporalności wewnętrznej, realizacji diatezy, a także dopuszczalności różnych stopni wyzerowania pozycji argumentu propozycjonalnego.
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