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EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the level of the issue of convertible bond of the Polish public joint stock companies in 2001–2009 period. In the empirical part, the research was conducted which shows the amount of polish public stock companies issuing convertible bond. Moreover, the value of convertible bond issues was investigated.
EN
A convertible bond may be an attractive financial instrument that helps to achieve the optimal capital structure of a company. In this paper, we analyze 562 issues of bonds from the American market between 2002-2013. Using regression trees analysis, we give some hints with respect to the design of convertible debt financing, which is the main goal of the paper, considering the most important characteristics of the issuers’ financial standing and the parameters of issued convertibles. Our research let us formulate a few conclusions. Firstly, we identified some relationships between a conversion premium, a conversion period and a conversion ratio applied by issuers. Secondly, it turned out that most of the issuer’s financial characteristics were not statistically significant for the issued convertibles. Finally, we found out that the share of fixed assets in the balance sheet amount seems to be one of the most important factors determining the internal structure of issued hybrid instruments, which supports the assets substitution theory.
EN
This paper attempts to identify the determinants of credit ratings for debt instrument issuers in the so-called emerging markets. The study was conducted on the sample of convertible bonds issuers in 2001-2012, half of which originated from Central and Eastern Europe, while the rest were U.S. operators. The analysis is focused exclusively on pairs of bonds with the same rating given by the British Fitch agency, which specialises in analysing Central and East European markets. The conducted studies show that solvency risk, interpreted as indebtedness, financial leverage and current solvency, is a major difference between the two groups of bonds. Changes in indebtedness, i.e. in assets held by foreign investors, are apparently the reasons of higher requirements for issuers from the emerging markets.
PL
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji czynników determinujących rating kredytowy emitentów instrumentów dłużnych na rynkach wschodzących. Padaniu poddano grupę emitentów obligacji zamiennych z lat 2001-2012, z czego połowa pochodziła z Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, natomiast druga część to podmioty amerykańskie. Analiza dotyczyła wyłącznie par obligacji o tym samym ratingu, nadanym przez brytyjską agencje Fitch, która specjalizuje się w analizie rynków wschodniej i centralnej Europy. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala zauważyć, że istotnym czynnikiem różnicującym obie grupy obligacji jest ryzyko wypłacalności rozumiane przez poziom zadłużenia, stopień dźwigni finansowej oraz płynność bieżącą. Zmiany wartości zadłużenia, a więc posiadanych przez inwestorów zagranicznych aktywów wydają się główną przyczyną wyższych wymagań wobec emitentów z rynków wchodzących.
EN
Hybrid bonds are financial instruments that occupy the space between equity capital and debt capital. Out of these bonds the most representative instrument are convertible bonds. They have characteristics resembling both shares and straight bonds. The complex structure of convertible bonds causes their marketprice to be determined in terms of three components: straight bond value, share value, and conversion option value. An important decision of the investor in the case of these bonds is their conversion into shares. It is particularly difficult with callable convertible bonds because the interests of both parties to the transaction, i.e. the investor and the issuer, come then into consideration. Convertible bonds are an important instrument of investment and a component of investment portfolios.
PL
Brak abstraktu w języku polskim
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